Rescue instrumentation errors

[TonyCTHsu]

What does this PR do?

Rescue instrumentation errors.

Motivation:

During instrumentation, we often annotate the span or trace based on the data available. There are risk that the assumption of existing data are not met.

For instance,

1. the payload from ActiveSupport::Notifications event, might not carry your expected data.
2. The http response object responds to different methods
3. Fail to parse an invalid string.

This PR tries to rescue them and fail gracefully. It is not a silver bullet. We still need to expand our test coverage to catch those failures (example: 93438f4)

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 88.17204% with 11 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 97.84%. Comparing base (2209a7c) to head (14681aa).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
lib/datadog/tracing/contrib/faraday/middleware.rb	20.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
lib/datadog/tracing/contrib/aws/instrumentation.rb	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
...adog/tracing/contrib/httpclient/instrumentation.rb	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
.../datadog/tracing/contrib/httprb/instrumentation.rb	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
lib/datadog/tracing/contrib/mongodb/subscribers.rb	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #3951      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   97.85%   97.84%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files        1303     1307       +4     
  Lines       78139    78229      +90     
  Branches     3894     3894              
==========================================
+ Hits        76461    76543      +82     
- Misses       1678     1686       +8     

Flag	Coverage Δ
	97.84% <88.17%> (-0.01%)	⬇️

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[pr-commenter]

Benchmarks

Benchmark execution time: 2024-09-25 14:34:36

Comparing candidate commit 14681aa in PR branch tonycthsu/rescue-error with baseline commit 2209a7c in branch master.

Found 0 performance improvements and 0 performance regressions! Performance is the same for 23 metrics, 2 unstable metrics.