feat (core): added replica catalog

[ryuwd]

Summary

Adds ReplicaCatalog, a Pydantic model for mapping Logical File Names (LFNs) to their physical replicas across distributed storage elements.

Description

ReplicaCatalog provides a structured, validated representation of file replica information intended to be stored in JSON format. It serves as a more user-friendly replacement for Pool XML Catalog.

Key features:

• LFN/PFN validation: Automatic stripping of LFN: and PFN: prefixes, with validation
• Checksum support: Adler-32 (8 hex chars) and GUID (UUID format) checksums with format validation
• Storage element tracking: Each replica is associated with a storage element identifier
• Optional metadata: File size in bytes and checksum information

Example usage:

from diracx.core.replica_catalog import ReplicaCatalog

catalog = ReplicaCatalog(root={
    "/lhcb/MC/2024/file.dst": {
        "replicas": [
            {"url": "https://storage1.cern.ch/file.dst", "se": "CERN-DST"},
            {"url": "https://storage2.in2p3.fr/file.dst", "se": "IN2P3-DST"},
        ],
        "size_bytes": 1048576,
        "checksum": {"adler32": "788c5caa"},
    }
})

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[chrisburr]

I think we need to decide on the layout of core as replica_catalogue feels to specific for the top level