Confluently persistent Hugr data structure

[lmondada]

Create a PersistentHugr struct that allows for non-destructive modifications of Hugrs. In other words CQCL/tket2#773 should be moved/generalised to Hugr.

This is blocked by

• Agree on hugr mutation naming scheme (Rename 'Rewrite' #588)
• Generic rewrite over subject type (Generic Rewrite trait over HugrMut type #2052)
• HugrInternals cannot expose the Hugr, or else HugrView must be implementable without HugrInternals (Replace HugrInternals::base_hugr with simpler methods #1926)

[lmondada]

Suggested naming scheme (pending #588)

• PatchGraph: a whole bunch of Patches that are the result of applying rewrites, possibly conflicting. It's main purpose is to keep Rcs to the Patches that we are interested in during optimisation.
• PatchHistory: a subgraph of PatchGraph that only contains non-conflicting rewrites that can be applied to obtain a Hugr.
• PersistentHugr: the main object users will actually interact with. Implements HugrView, but is immutable and fully persistent. Is in fact a wrapper around PatchHistory.
• Patch: a mostly module-internal struct that are the nodes of the PatchGraph and PatchHistory. It stores the location of an edit within its parent Patches, along with the new subgraph that replaces them. In the first version, the Patch will be a SimpleReplacement.