feat: add retry logic to API PUT requests using exponential backoff

[PabloCastellano]

• Prevents crashes on API timeouts by retrying requests automatically
• Implements retry functionality in the json_put! macro similar to json_get!
• Changes ExponentialBackoff from optional to mandatory in BlobscanClient
• Simplifies macro implementations by removing conditional paths

Example of crash:

│ 2025-05-16T10:57:57.692442Z  INFO blob_indexer::indexer: Starting indexer… last_lowest_synced_slot=Slot(8626175) last_upper_synced_block_slot=Some(11698177) last_upper_synced_block_root=Som │
│ 2025-05-16T10:57:57.756092Z  INFO indexer:live: blob_indexer::indexer: Subscribed to beacon SSE stream: head, finalized_checkpoint                                                            │
│ 2025-05-16T10:58:01.014070Z  INFO indexer:live:head_block: blob_indexer::synchronizer: Syncing 15910 slots… initial_slot=11698178 final_slot=11714088                                         │
│ 2025-05-16T10:58:01.787836Z  WARN indexer:live:head_block: blob_indexer::clients::blobscan: Unexpected response from server method="PUT" url=http://blobscan-api:3001/indexer/block-txs-blobs │
│ 2025-05-16T10:58:01.788397Z ERROR blob_indexer::indexer: An error occurred while running a syncing task error=LiveIndexingError(BeaconEventHandlingError(HeadEventHandlerError(BlockSyncedErr │
│ Error: failed to handle beacon event                                                                                                                                                          │
│                                                                                                                                                                                               │
│ Caused by:                                                                                                                                                                                    │
│     0: failed to index head block                                                                                                                                                             │
│     1: Failed to parallel process slots from 11698178 to 11699178:                                                                                                                            │
│        - Error processing slots range 11698178-11699178. Slot 11698179 failed: API usage error: Code: INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, Message: "Blob propagator failed: Failed to propagate blobs with │
│                                                                                                                                                                                               │
│ stream closed EOF for staging/blobscan-indexer-86d7d949d4-vqzgw (blobscan-indexer)                                                                                                            │