Add support for Ubuntu 24.04 (#7360)

This change updates the build and tests pipelines to support Ubuntu 24.04 amd64 and arm64v8. Specifically,
- Add Ubuntu 24.04 amd64 and arm64v8 jobs to the end-to-end tests pipeline.
- Update iot-identity-service repo references in Cargo.lock so we pick up the right packages in the end-to-end tests.
- Add Ubuntu 24.04 amd64 and arm64v8 to the packages build pipeline and related scripts.
- Update markdown docs and comments as needed.
- Update end-to-end test code to support Ubuntu 24.04 packages.

To test, I ran the CI Build and end-to-end test pipelines and confirmed they pass.

## Azure IoT Edge PR checklist:

builds/e2e/e2e.yaml

@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ variables:
   Codeql.Enabled: false
   DisableDockerDetector: true
   # A 'minimal' pipeline only runs one end-to-end test (TempSensor). This is useful for platforms or
-  # environments that are very similar to other platforms/environments in our matrix, Ubuntu 20.04
-  # with the 'docker-ce' package vs. Ubuntu 20.04 with the 'iotedge-moby' package vs. the same
+  # environments that are very similar to other platforms/environments in our matrix, e.g., Ubuntu
+  # 20.04 with the 'docker-ce' package vs. Ubuntu 20.04 with the 'iotedge-moby' package vs. the same
   # variations in Ubuntu 22.04. In these instances the platforms/environments are so similar that we
   # don't reasonably expect to encounter differences--if we do, it would likely manifest during
   # installation, or in running a very basic test. We don't need to repeat the entire test suite.
@@ -285,6 +285,64 @@ jobs:
       parameters:
         sas_uri: $(sas_uri)
 
+################################################################################
+  - job: ubuntu_2404
+################################################################################
+    displayName: Ubuntu 24.04 on amd64
+    dependsOn: Token
+    condition: succeeded('Token')
+
+    pool:
+      name: $(pool.custom.name)
+      demands: ubuntu2404-amd64-e2e-tests
+
+    variables:
+      os: linux
+      arch: amd64
+      artifactName: iotedged-ubuntu24.04-amd64
+      identityServiceArtifactName: packages_ubuntu-24.04_amd64
+      identityServicePackageFilter: aziot-identity-service_*_amd64.deb
+      sas_uri: $[ dependencies.Token.outputs['generate.sas_uri'] ]
+
+    timeoutInMinutes: 90
+
+    steps:
+    - template: templates/e2e-clean-directory.yaml
+    - template: templates/e2e-setup.yaml
+    - template: templates/e2e-clear-docker-cached-images.yaml
+    - template: templates/e2e-run.yaml
+      parameters:
+        sas_uri: $(sas_uri)
+
+################################################################################
+  - job: ubuntu_2404_arm64v8
+################################################################################
+    displayName: Ubuntu 24.04 on arm64v8
+    dependsOn: Token
+    condition: succeeded('Token')
+
+    pool:
+      name: $(pool.custom.name)
+      demands: ubuntu2404-arm64-e2e-tests
+
+    variables:
+      os: linux
+      arch: arm64v8
+      artifactName: iotedged-ubuntu24.04-aarch64
+      identityServiceArtifactName: packages_ubuntu-24.04_aarch64
+      identityServicePackageFilter: aziot-identity-service_*_arm64.deb
+      sas_uri: $[ dependencies.Token.outputs['generate.sas_uri'] ]
+
+    timeoutInMinutes: 90
+
+    steps:
+    - template: templates/e2e-clean-directory.yaml
+    - template: templates/e2e-setup.yaml
+    - template: templates/e2e-clear-docker-cached-images.yaml
+    - template: templates/e2e-run.yaml
+      parameters:
+        sas_uri: $(sas_uri)
+
 ################################################################################
   - job: snaps
 ################################################################################

builds/e2e/nested-e2e.yaml

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ variables:
   Codeql.Enabled: false
   DisableDockerDetector: true
   # A 'minimal' pipeline only runs one end-to-end test (TempSensor). This is useful for platforms or
-  # environments that are very similar to other platforms/environments in our matrix, Ubuntu 20.04
-  # with the 'docker-ce' package vs. Ubuntu 20.04 with the 'iotedge-moby' package vs. the same
+  # environments that are very similar to other platforms/environments in our matrix, e.g., Ubuntu
+  # 20.04 with the 'docker-ce' package vs. Ubuntu 20.04 with the 'iotedge-moby' package vs. the same
   # variations in Ubuntu 22.04. In these instances the platforms/environments are so similar that we
   # don't reasonably expect to encounter differences--if we do, it would likely manifest during
   # installation, or in running a very basic test. We don't need to repeat the entire test suite.

builds/misc/templates/build-packages.yaml

@@ -107,6 +107,18 @@ stages:
               arch: aarch64
               os: ubuntu22.04
               target.iotedged: edgelet/target/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/release
+            Ubuntu2404-amd64:
+              arch: amd64
+              os: ubuntu24.04
+              target.iotedged: edgelet/target/release
+            Ubuntu2404-arm32v7:
+              arch: arm32v7
+              os: ubuntu24.04
+              target.iotedged: edgelet/target/armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf/release
+            Ubuntu2404-aarch64:
+              arch: aarch64
+              os: ubuntu24.04
+              target.iotedged: edgelet/target/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/release
         steps:
           - bash: |
               BASE_VERSION=`cat $BUILD_SOURCESDIRECTORY/edgelet/version.txt`