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68 changes: 45 additions & 23 deletions 高中物理.md
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Expand Up @@ -1152,7 +1152,9 @@ $F=m\frac{△v}{△t}=ma$

抛体运动:以一定的速度将物体抛出,如果只受重力的作用,这时的运动叫抛体运动。抛体运动开始时的速度叫初速度。

### 平抛运动
平抛和斜抛都是匀变速曲线运动。



定义:将物体以一定的初速度沿水平方向抛出,物体只在重力作用下做的运动

Expand All @@ -1161,61 +1163,81 @@ $F=m\frac{△v}{△t}=ma$
* 加速度特点:平抛运动的加速度恒定,始终等于重力加速度。是匀变速曲线运动。
* 速度变化特点:做平抛运动的物体在任意相等的时间内速度的变化量相等,均为$\Delta v=g\Delta t$,方向竖直向下。

#### 规律
受力:a=g,合力=mg,恒力

##### 位移规律

水平方向:$x=v_0t$

竖直方向:$y=\frac{1}{2}gt^2$
### 速度规律

水平方向:$v_x=v_0,a=0$

竖直方向:$v_y=gt,a=g$

合位移:

大小:$s=\sqrt{x^2+y^2}$

方向:$tan \alpha = \frac{y}{x}=\frac{gt}{2v_0}$
合速度:

大小:$v=\sqrt{v_x^2+v_y^2}=\sqrt{v_0^2+(gt)^2}$

方向:$tan \theta=\frac{v_y}{v_x}=\frac{gt}{v_0}$

##### 速度规律

水平方向:$v_x=v_0$

竖直方向:$v_y=gt$
三角函数关系:v:某时刻速度

$v_0=vcosθ$

$v_y=vsinθ$

合速度:
$v_y=v_0tanθ$

大小:$v=\sqrt{v_x^2+v_y^2}$

方向:$tan \theta=\frac{v_y}{v_x}=\frac{gt}{v_0}$

### 位移规律

水平方向:$x=v_0t$

竖直方向:$y=\frac{1}{2}gt^2$



合位移:

大小:$s=\sqrt{x^2+y^2}$

方向:$tan \alpha = \frac{y}{x}=\frac{gt}{2v_0}$



三角函数关系:α为某个时刻位移和水平方向的锐角夹角

$h=xsinα$

$v_0t=xcosα$

#### 推论
$x^2=h^2+x_x^2$

* 时间与射程

时间:$t=\sqrt{\frac{2h}{g}}$,t只由h,g决定,与$v_0$无关。

射程:$x=v_0t=v_0 \sqrt{\frac{2h}{g}}$,由$v_0$,h,g决定。
### 推论

* 飞行时间:$t=\sqrt{\frac{2h}{g}}$,t只和h有关,g不变,与$v_0$无关
* 射程:$x=v_0t=v_0 \sqrt{\frac{2h}{g}}$,由$v_0$,h,g决定
* 偏转角(改变方向后的速度与原方向的夹角):$θ=tan\frac{v_y}{v_0}=\frac{gt}{v_0}$
* $tan \theta = 2tan \alpha$, 其中θ为某时刻速度与水平方向的夹角,α为该时刻位移与水平方向的夹角。
* 平抛运动中以抛出点为坐标原点的坐标系中,其运动轨迹上任一点$(x_0,y_0)$速度的反向延长线交于x轴的$\frac{x_0}{2}$处。$θ=\frac{2h}{v_0t}$

* 平抛运动中以抛出点为坐标原点的坐标系中,其运动轨迹上任一点(x_0,y_0)速度的反向延长线交于x周的$\frac{x_0}{2}$处。


### 扩展:斜抛

### 题型:
上抛方向与水平方向角为θ

1. 飞行时间:和高度相关
2. 水平位移:取决于飞行时间,$x=v_0t=v_0\sqrt{\frac{2h}g}$
3. 偏转角θ(只在曲线运动中,某时刻速度方向与初速度方向的夹角):$tanθ=\frac{v_y}{v_0}=\frac{h}{\frac{x_x}2}$
$v_x=v_0cosθ$

$v_y=v_0sinθ$

最高点:$v_y=0$,最高点之后是平抛运动



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200 changes: 200 additions & 0 deletions 高中题/高中物理题.md
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Expand Up @@ -3077,6 +3077,206 @@


## 平抛

> ![](img/physics/391.jpg)
>
> 转化为平抛射程问题
>
> > $t=\sqrt{\frac{2h}{g}}$
> >
> > $x=vt$
> ![](img/physics/392.jpg)
>
> ![](img/physics/392-2.jpg)
>
> > $v_t=\frac{v_0}{sinθ}$
> >
> > $v_y=\frac{v_0}{tanθ}$
> >
> > 又因为$v_y=gt$
> >
> > 所以$t=\frac{v_y}{g}=\frac{v_0}{gtanθ}$
> ![](img/physics/393.jpg)
>
> > $v=\sqrt{v_x^2+v_y^2}=\sqrt{v_0^2+(gt)^2}$
> >
> > t=4s
> >
> > $h=\frac 1 2gt^2=80m$
> ![](img/physics/394.jpg)
>
> 速度看图求解
>
> B点垂直方向速度:中间时刻速度=(初速度+末速度)/2=平均速度$=\frac{H}{2△t}$
>
> > $v_0=5×2/0.1=100cm/s=1m/s$
> >
> > $v_{By}=\frac{5×8}{0.1×2}=200cm/s=2m/s$
> ![](img/physics/395.jpg)
>
> AB水平方向速度均相同,都在飞机正下方
>
> 竖直方向B先A后,距离越来越大
>
> > D
> ![](img/physics/396.jpg)
>
> > C
> ![](img/physics/397.jpg)
>
> ![](img/physics/397-2.jpg)
>
> > 方法一:
> >
> > $\frac{h}{\frac S 2}=tan60°$
> >
> > $h=4\sqrt 3m$
> >
> > 方法二:
> >
> > 位移与水平方向夹角为γ,
> >
> > **α,γ角度值不是2:1,正切值是2:1**
> >
> > $tanα=\frac{h}{\frac S 2}$
> >
> > $tanγ=\frac h S$
> >
> > $tanα:tanγ=2:1$
> ![](img/physics/398.jpg)
>
> > 令竖直位移为h,水平位移x,
> >
> > $x=v_0t=Lcosθ$
> >
> > $h=\frac 1 2gt^2=Lsinθ$
> >
> > 竖直方向得到$t=\sqrt{2Lsinθ}g$
> >
> > 联立,
> >
> > $v_0=Lcosθ\sqrt{\frac{g}{2Lsinθ}}$
> ![](img/physics/399.jpg)
>
> > A
> ![](img/physics/400.jpg)
>
> $tanα=\frac{gt}{v_0}$,正比例
>
> > B
> ![](img/physics/401.jpg)
>
> A:下标2是0的话正确
>
> > BC
> ![](img/physics/402.jpg)
>
> 设初速度为$v_0$,则从抛出点运动到A的时间$t_1=\frac{x_1}{v_0}$
>
> 从抛出点到B的时间$t_1=\frac{x_2}{v_0}$,
>
> 竖直方向有$\frac 1 2gt_2^2-\frac 1 2gt_1^2=h$
>
> 带入$t_1,t_2$,$v_0=\sqrt{\frac{(x_2^2-x_1^2)g}{2h}}$
>
> > A
> ![](img/physics/403.jpg)
>
> ![](img/physics/403-2.jpg)
>
> 几何关系的理解应用
>
> 得出t的表达式,尽量用已知的物理量描述
>
> > $\frac h x=\frac{gt}{2v_0}$
> >
> > (1) $t_1:t_2=\frac{tanα}{tanβ}$
> >
> > (2)水平位移比:$x_1:x_2=\frac{v_0t_1}{v_0t_2}=\frac{tanα}{tanβ}$
> >
> > (3)高度之比:
> >
> > 因为$h=\frac 1 2gt^2$
> >
> > $h_1:h_2=t_1^2:t_2^2=\frac{tan^2α}{tan^2β}$
> ![](img/physics/404.jpg)
>
> >由几何关系,物体落在斜面上时与水平方向夹角为β-α,
> >
> >有平行四边形定则知,竖直分速度
> >
> >$v_g=v_0tan(β-α)$
> >
> >到达斜面的速度$v=\frac{v_0}{cos(β-α)}$
> >
> >根据$v_y=gt$得,飞行时间$t=\frac{v_y}{g}=v_0tan(β-α){g}$
> ![](img/physics/405.jpg)
>
> ![](img/physics/405-2.jpg)
>
> > $v_y=gt=10m/s$
> >
> > $v_0=\frac{v_y}{tan45°}=10m/s$
> >
> > $v_A=10\sqrt 2m/s$
> >
> > $h_1=\frac 1 2gt^2=5m$
> >
> > $s_1=v_0t=10m$
> >
> > 落地:已知$v_0=10$
> >
> > $v_y'=v_0tan60°=10\sqrt 3m/s$
> >
> > $v_B=\sqrt{v_0}{cos60°}=2v_0=20m/s$
> >
> > ∵ $v_g'=gt'$
> >
> > ∴ $t'=\frac{v_y'}{g}=\sqrt 3s$
> >
> > $H=\frac 1 2gt^2=15m$
> >
> > $S=v_0t=10\sqrt 3m$
> ![](img/physics/406.jpg)
>
> A:$v=L\sqrt{\frac{g}{2H}}$
>
> > B
> ![](img/physics/407.jpg)
>
> > B
> ![](img/physics/408.jpg)
>
> > D
> ![](img/physics/409.jpg)
> ![](img/physics/410.jpg)
>
> > t=1s
> >
> > $s=10\sqrt{2}$




# 静电场
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