Added modules source files for chapter 7 examples and exercises

Examples/Modules/Chapter 07/Ex7_01.cpp

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+// Concatenating strings
+
+import <iostream>;
+import <string>;
+
+int main( )
+{
+   std::string first;                             // Stores the first name
+   std::string second;                            // Stores the second name
+
+   std::cout << "Enter your first name: ";
+   std::cin >> first;                             // Read first name
+
+   std::cout << "Enter your second name: ";
+   std::cin >> second;                            // Read second name
+
+   std::string sentence { "Your full name is " };   // Create basic sentence
+   sentence += first + " " + second + ".";        // Augment with names
+
+   std::cout << sentence << std::endl;            // Output the sentence
+   std::cout << "The string contains "            // Output its length
+             << sentence.length( ) << " characters." << std::endl;
+}

Examples/Modules/Chapter 07/Ex7_01A.cpp

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+// Concatenating characters and strings
+// (exactly the same as Ex07_01, except that we use ' ' and '.' instead of " " and ".")
+
+import <iostream>;
+import <string>;
+
+int main( )
+{
+   std::string first;                             // Stores the first name
+   std::string second;                            // Stores the second name
+
+   std::cout << "Enter your first name: ";
+   std::cin >> first;                             // Read first name
+
+   std::cout << "Enter your second name: ";
+   std::cin >> second;                            // Read second name
+
+   std::string sentence { "Your full name is " };   // Create basic sentence
+   sentence += first + ' ' + second + '.';        // Augment with names
+
+   std::cout << sentence << std::endl;            // Output the sentence
+   std::cout << "The string contains "            // Output its length
+             << sentence.length( ) << " characters." << std::endl;
+}

Examples/Modules/Chapter 07/Ex7_02.cpp

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+// Accessing characters in a string
+
+import <iostream>;
+import <string>;
+
+#include <cctype>
+
+int main( )
+{
+   std::string text;                          // Stores the input
+   std::cout << "Enter a line of text:\n";
+
+   std::getline(std::cin, text);              // Read a line including spaces
+
+   unsigned vowels     { };                   // Count of vowels
+   unsigned consonants { };                   // Count of consonants
+
+   for ( size_t i { }; i < text.length( ); ++i )
+   {
+      if ( std::isalpha(text[i]) )               // Check for a letter
+      {
+         switch ( std::tolower(text[i]) )         // Convert to lowercase
+         {
+         case 'a': case 'e': case 'i': case 'o': case 'u':
+            ++vowels;
+            break;
+
+         default:
+            ++consonants;
+            break;
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+   std::cout << "Your input contained " << vowels << " vowels and "
+             << consonants << " consonants." << std::endl;
+}

Examples/Modules/Chapter 07/Ex7_02A.cpp

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+// Accessing characters in a string
+// (same as Ex7_02, except that this version uses the more convenient range-based for loop)
+
+import <iostream>;
+import <string>;
+
+#include <cctype>		// for std::isalpha() and tolower()
+
+int main( )
+{
+   std::string text;                              // Stores the input
+
+   std::cout << "Enter a line of text:\n";
+   std::getline(std::cin, text);                  // Read a line including spaces
+
+   unsigned vowels     { };                       // Count of vowels
+   unsigned consonants { };                       // Count of consonants
+
+   for ( const char ch : text )
+   {
+      if ( std::isalpha(ch) )                        // Check for a letter
+      {
+         switch ( std::tolower(ch) )                  // Convert to lowercase
+         {
+         case 'a': case 'e': case 'i': case 'o': case 'u':
+            ++vowels;
+            break;
+
+         default:
+            ++consonants;
+            break;
+         }
+      }
+   }
+
+   std::cout << "Your input contained "
+             << vowels << " vowels and "
+             << consonants << " consonants."
+             << std::endl;
+}

Examples/Modules/Chapter 07/Ex7_03.cpp

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+// Comparing strings
+
+import <iostream>;    // For stream I/O
+import <format>;      // For string formatting
+import <string>;      // For the string type
+import <vector>;      // For the vector container
+
+int main( )
+{
+   std::vector<std::string> names;        // Vector of names
+   std::string              input_name;   // Stores a name
+
+   for ( ; ; )                            // Indefinite loop (stopped using break)
+   {
+      std::cout << "Enter a name followed by Enter (leave blank to stop): ";
+      std::getline(std::cin, input_name); // Read a name and...
+
+      if ( input_name.empty( ) ) break;   // ...if it's not empty...
+
+      names.push_back(input_name);        // ...add it to the vector
+   }
+
+   // Sort the names in ascending sequence
+   bool sorted { };
+   do
+   {
+      sorted = true;                // remains true when names are sorted
+      for ( size_t i { 1 }; i < names.size( ); ++i )
+      {
+         if ( names[i - 1] > names[i] )
+         { // Out of order - so swap names
+            names[i].swap(names[i - 1]);
+            sorted = false;
+         }
+      }
+   }
+   while ( !sorted );
+
+   // Find the length of the longest name
+   size_t max_length { };
+
+   for ( const auto& name : names )
+      if ( max_length < name.length( ) )
+         max_length = name.length( );
+
+   // Output the sorted names 5 to a line
+   const size_t field_width { max_length + 2 };
+   size_t       count       { };
+
+   std::cout << "In ascending sequence the names you entered are:\n";
+   for ( const auto& name : names )
+   {
+      std::cout << std::format("{:>{}}", name, field_width); // Right-align + dynamic width
+      if ( !(++count % 5) ) std::cout << std::endl;
+   }
+
+   std::cout << std::endl;
+}

Examples/Modules/Chapter 07/Ex7_04.cpp

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+// Searching within strings
+
+import <iostream>;
+import <string>;
+
+int main( )
+{
+   std::string sentence { "Manners maketh man" };
+   std::string word     { "man" };
+
+   std::cout << sentence.find(word) << std::endl;  // Outputs 15
+   std::cout << sentence.find("Ma") << std::endl;  // Outputs 0
+   std::cout << sentence.find('k') << std::endl;   // Outputs 10
+   std::cout << sentence.find('x') << std::endl;   // Outputs std::string::npos
+}

Examples/Modules/Chapter 07/Ex7_05.cpp

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+// Searching within substrings
+
+import <iostream>;
+import <string>;
+
+int main( )
+{
+   std::string text;    // The string to be searched
+   std::string word;    // Substring to be found
+
+   std::cout << "Enter the string to be searched and press Enter:\n";
+   std::getline(std::cin, text);
+
+   std::cout << "Enter the string to be found and press Enter:\n";
+   std::getline(std::cin, word);
+
+   size_t count { };    // Count of substring occurrences
+   size_t index { };    // String index
+
+   while ( (index = text.find(word, index)) != std::string::npos )
+   {
+      ++count;
+      index += word.length( );  // Advance by full word (discards overlapping occurrences)
+   }
+
+   std::cout << "Your text contained " << count << " occurrences of \""
+             << word << "\"." << std::endl;
+}

Examples/Modules/Chapter 07/Ex7_06.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import <iostream>;
+import <format>;
+import <string>;
+import <vector>;
+
+int main( )
+{
+   std::string text;                                     // The string to be searched
+
+   std::cout << "Enter some text terminated by *:\n";
+   std::getline(std::cin, text, '*');
+
+   const std::string        separators { " ,;:.\"!?'\n" };                      // Word delimiters
+   std::vector<std::string> words;                                              // Words found
+   size_t                   start      { text.find_first_not_of(separators) };  // First word start index
+
+   while ( start != std::string::npos )                    // Find the words
+   {
+      size_t end { text.find_first_of(separators, start + 1) }; // Find end of word
+
+      if ( end == std::string::npos )                        // Found a separator?
+         end = text.length( );                               // No, so set to end of text
+
+      words.push_back(text.substr(start, end - start));    // Store the word
+      start = text.find_first_not_of(separators, end + 1); // Find first character of next word
+   }
+
+   std::cout << "Your string contains the following " << words.size( ) << " words:\n";
+
+   size_t count { };                                       // Number output
+
+   for ( const auto& word : words )
+   {
+      std::cout << std::format("{:15}", word);
+
+      if ( !(++count % 5) )
+         std::cout << std::endl;
+   }
+   std::cout << std::endl;
+}

Examples/Modules/Chapter 07/Ex7_07.cpp

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+// Replacing words in a string
+
+import <iostream>;
+import <string>;
+
+int main( )
+{
+   std::string text;                                   // The string to be modified
+   std::cout << "Enter a string terminated by *:\n";
+   std::getline(std::cin, text, '*');
+
+   std::string word;                                   // The word to be replaced
+   std::cout << "Enter the word to be replaced: ";
+   std::cin >> word;
+
+   std::string replacement;                            // The word to be substituted
+   std::cout << "Enter the string to be substituted for " << word << ": ";
+   std::cin >> replacement;
+
+   if ( word == replacement )                            // Verify there's something to do
+   {
+      std::cout << "The word and its replacement are the same.\n"
+         << "Operation aborted." << std::endl;
+      return 1;
+   }
+
+   size_t start { text.find(word) };                      // Index of 1st occurrence of word
+
+   while ( start != std::string::npos )                   // Find and replace all occurrences
+   {
+      text.replace(start, word.length( ), replacement);   // Replace word
+      start = text.find(word, start + replacement.length( ));
+   }
+
+   std::cout << "\nThe string you entered is now:\n" << text << std::endl;
+}

Examples/Modules/Chapter 13/Ex13_12/Message.cppm

@@ -1,21 +1,27 @@
 module;
+
 #include <cstring>  // For std::strlen() and std::strcpy()
+
+// stop Visual Studio from whinging about strcpy being unsafe
+// https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/error-messages/compiler-warnings/compiler-warning-level-3-c4996
+#pragma warning(disable : 4996)
+
 export module message;
 
 export class Message
 {
 public:
-  explicit Message(const char* text = "")
-    : m_text(new char[std::strlen(text) + 1]) // Caution: include the null character!
-  {
-    std::strcpy(m_text, text);        // Mind the order: strcpy(destination, source)!
-  }
-  ~Message() { delete[] m_text; }
+   explicit Message(const char* text = "")
+      : m_text(new char[std::strlen(text) + 1]) // Caution: include the null character!
+   {
+      std::strcpy(m_text, text);        // Mind the order: strcpy(destination, source)!
+   }
+   ~Message( ) { delete[ ] m_text; }
 
-  Message& operator=(const Message& message); // Assignment operator
+   Message& operator=(const Message& message); // Assignment operator
 
-  const char* getText() const { return m_text; }
+   const char* getText( ) const { return m_text; }
 
 private:
-  char* m_text;
+   char* m_text;
 };

Examples/Modules/Chapter 13/Ex13_12A/Message.cppm

@@ -1,22 +1,26 @@
 module;
+
 #include <cstring>  // For std::strlen() and std::strcpy()
+
+#pragma warning(disable : 4996)
+
 export module message;
 
 export class Message
 {
 public:
-  explicit Message(const char* text = "")
-    : m_text(new char[std::strlen(text) + 1]) // Caution: include the null character!
-  {
-    std::strcpy(m_text, text);        // Mind the order: strcpy(destination, source)!
-  }
-  ~Message() { delete[] m_text; }
+   explicit Message(const char* text = "")
+      : m_text(new char[std::strlen(text) + 1]) // Caution: include the null character!
+   {
+      std::strcpy(m_text, text);        // Mind the order: strcpy(destination, source)!
+   }
+   ~Message( ) { delete[ ] m_text; }
 
-  Message(const Message& message);            // Copy constructor
-  Message& operator=(const Message& message); // Copy assignment operator
+   Message(const Message& message);            // Copy constructor
+   Message& operator=(const Message& message); // Copy assignment operator
 
-  const char* getText() const { return m_text; }
+   const char* getText( ) const { return m_text; }
 
 private:
-  char* m_text;
+   char* m_text;
 };