chore: ntx builder actor deactivation

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 - Improved tracing span fields ([#1650](https://github.com/0xMiden/miden-node/pull/1650))
  - Replaced NTX Builder's in-memory state management with SQLite-backed persistence; account states, notes, and transaction effects are now stored in the database and inflight state is purged on startup ([#1662](https://github.com/0xMiden/miden-node/pull/1662)).
 - [BREAKING] Reworked `miden-remote-prover`, removing the `worker`/`proxy` distinction and simplifying to a `worker` with a request queue ([#1688](https://github.com/0xMiden/miden-node/pull/1688)).
+- NTX Builder actors now deactivate after being idle for a configurable idle timeout (`--ntx-builder.idle-timeout`, default 5 min) and are re-activated when new notes target their account ([#1705](https://github.com/0xMiden/miden-node/pull/1705)).
 
 ## v0.13.5 (2026-02-19)
 

bin/node/src/commands/mod.rs

@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ const ENV_NTX_SCRIPT_CACHE_SIZE: &str = "MIDEN_NTX_DATA_STORE_SCRIPT_CACHE_SIZE"
 const ENV_VALIDATOR_KEY: &str = "MIDEN_NODE_VALIDATOR_KEY";
 
 const DEFAULT_NTX_TICKER_INTERVAL: Duration = Duration::from_millis(200);
+const DEFAULT_NTX_IDLE_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(5 * 60);
 const DEFAULT_TIMEOUT: Duration = Duration::from_secs(10);
 const DEFAULT_NTX_SCRIPT_CACHE_SIZE: NonZeroUsize = NonZeroUsize::new(1000).unwrap();
 
@@ -125,6 +126,18 @@ pub struct NtxBuilderConfig {
     )]
     pub script_cache_size: NonZeroUsize,
 
+    /// Duration after which an idle network account will deactivate.
+    ///
+    /// An account is considered idle once it has no viable notes to consume.
+    /// A deactivated account will reactivate if targeted with new notes.
+    #[arg(
+        long = "ntx-builder.idle-timeout",
+        default_value = &duration_to_human_readable_string(DEFAULT_NTX_IDLE_TIMEOUT),
+        value_parser = humantime::parse_duration,
+        value_name = "DURATION"
+    )]
+    pub idle_timeout: Duration,
+
     /// Directory for the ntx-builder's persistent database.
     ///
     /// If not set, defaults to the node's data directory.
@@ -155,6 +168,7 @@ impl NtxBuilderConfig {
         )
         .with_tx_prover_url(self.tx_prover_url)
         .with_script_cache_size(self.script_cache_size)
+        .with_idle_timeout(self.idle_timeout)
     }
 }
 

bin/node/src/main.rs

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ pub enum Command {
     ///
     /// This is the recommended way to run the node at the moment.
     #[command(subcommand)]
-    Bundled(commands::bundled::BundledCommand),
+    Bundled(Box<commands::bundled::BundledCommand>),
 }
 
 impl Command {

crates/ntx-builder/src/actor/mod.rs

@@ -68,6 +68,9 @@ pub enum ActorShutdownReason {
     Cancelled(NetworkAccountId),
     /// Occurs when the actor encounters a database error it cannot recover from.
     DbError(NetworkAccountId),
+    /// Occurs when the actor has been idle for longer than the idle timeout and the builder
+    /// has confirmed there are no available notes in the DB.
+    IdleTimeout(NetworkAccountId),
 }
 
 // ACCOUNT ACTOR CONFIG
@@ -95,6 +98,8 @@ pub struct AccountActorContext {
     pub max_notes_per_tx: NonZeroUsize,
     /// Maximum number of note execution attempts before dropping a note.
     pub max_note_attempts: usize,
+    /// Duration after which an idle actor will deactivate.
+    pub idle_timeout: Duration,
     /// Database for persistent state.
     pub db: Db,
     /// Channel for sending requests to the coordinator (via the builder event loop).
@@ -200,6 +205,8 @@ pub struct AccountActor {
     max_notes_per_tx: NonZeroUsize,
     /// Maximum number of note execution attempts before dropping a note.
     max_note_attempts: usize,
+    /// Duration after which an idle actor will deactivate.
+    idle_timeout: Duration,
     /// Channel for sending requests to the coordinator.
     request_tx: mpsc::Sender<ActorRequest>,
 }
@@ -235,6 +242,7 @@ impl AccountActor {
             script_cache: actor_context.script_cache.clone(),
             max_notes_per_tx: actor_context.max_notes_per_tx,
             max_note_attempts: actor_context.max_note_attempts,
+            idle_timeout: actor_context.idle_timeout,
             request_tx: actor_context.request_tx.clone(),
         }
     }
@@ -269,6 +277,14 @@ impl AccountActor {
                 // Enable transaction execution.
                 ActorMode::NotesAvailable => semaphore.acquire().boxed(),
             };
+
+            // Idle timeout timer: only ticks when in NoViableNotes mode.
+            // Mode changes cause the next loop iteration to create a fresh sleep or pending.
+            let idle_timeout_sleep = match self.mode {
+                ActorMode::NoViableNotes => tokio::time::sleep(self.idle_timeout).boxed(),
+                _ => std::future::pending().boxed(),
+            };
+
             tokio::select! {
                 _ = self.cancel_token.cancelled() => {
                     return ActorShutdownReason::Cancelled(account_id);
@@ -325,6 +341,10 @@ impl AccountActor {
                         }
                     }
                 }
+                // Idle timeout: actor has been idle too long, deactivate account.
+                _ = idle_timeout_sleep => {
+                    return ActorShutdownReason::IdleTimeout(account_id);
+                }
             }
         }
     }

crates/ntx-builder/src/builder.rs

@@ -112,9 +112,12 @@ impl NetworkTransactionBuilder {
         // Main event loop.
         loop {
             tokio::select! {
-                // Handle actor result.
+                // Handle actor result. If a timed-out actor needs respawning, do so.
                 result = self.coordinator.next() => {
-                    result?;
+                    if let Some(account_id) = result? {
+                        self.coordinator
+                            .spawn_actor(AccountOrigin::store(account_id), &self.actor_context);
+                    }
                 },
                 // Handle mempool events.
                 event = self.mempool_events.next() => {
@@ -211,7 +214,11 @@ impl NetworkTransactionBuilder {
                         }
                     }
                 }
-                self.coordinator.send_targeted(&event);
+                let inactive_targets = self.coordinator.send_targeted(&event);
+                for account_id in inactive_targets {
+                    self.coordinator
+                        .spawn_actor(AccountOrigin::store(account_id), &self.actor_context);
+                }
                 Ok(())
             },
             // Update chain state and broadcast.

crates/ntx-builder/src/coordinator.rs

@@ -56,6 +56,13 @@ impl ActorHandle {
 /// - Controls transaction concurrency across all network accounts using a semaphore.
 /// - Prevents resource exhaustion by limiting simultaneous transaction processing.
 ///
+/// ## Actor Lifecycle
+/// - Actors that have been idle for longer than the idle timeout deactivate themselves.
+/// - When an actor deactivates, the coordinator checks if a notification arrived just as the actor
+///   timed out. If so, the actor is respawned immediately.
+/// - Deactivated actors are re-spawned when [`Coordinator::send_targeted`] detects notes targeting
+///   an account without an active actor.
+///
 /// The coordinator operates in an event-driven manner:
 /// 1. Network accounts are registered and actors spawned as needed.
 /// 2. Mempool events are written to DB, then actors are notified.
@@ -151,25 +158,42 @@ impl Coordinator {
     ///
     /// If no actors are currently running, this method will wait indefinitely until
     /// new actors are spawned. This prevents busy-waiting when the coordinator is idle.
-    pub async fn next(&mut self) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    ///
+    /// Returns `Some(account_id)` if a timed-out actor should be respawned (because a
+    /// notification arrived just as it timed out), or `None` otherwise.
+    pub async fn next(&mut self) -> anyhow::Result<Option<NetworkAccountId>> {
         let actor_result = self.actor_join_set.join_next().await;
         match actor_result {
             Some(Ok(shutdown_reason)) => match shutdown_reason {
                 ActorShutdownReason::Cancelled(account_id) => {
                     // Do not remove the actor from the registry, as it may be re-spawned.
                     // The coordinator should always remove actors immediately after cancellation.
                     tracing::info!(account_id = %account_id, "Account actor cancelled");
-                    Ok(())
+                    Ok(None)
                 },
                 ActorShutdownReason::SemaphoreFailed(err) => Err(err).context("semaphore failed"),
                 ActorShutdownReason::DbError(account_id) => {
                     tracing::error!(account_id = %account_id, "Account actor shut down due to DB error");
-                    Ok(())
+                    Ok(None)
+                },
+                ActorShutdownReason::IdleTimeout(account_id) => {
+                    tracing::info!(account_id = %account_id, "Account actor shut down due to idle timeout");
+
+                    // Remove the actor from the registry, but check if a notification arrived
+                    // just as the actor timed out. If so, the caller should respawn it.
+                    let should_respawn =
+                        self.actor_registry.remove(&account_id).is_some_and(|handle| {
+                            let notified = handle.notify.notified();
+                            tokio::pin!(notified);
+                            notified.enable()
+                        });
+
+                    Ok(should_respawn.then_some(account_id))
                 },
             },
             Some(Err(err)) => {
                 tracing::error!(err = %err, "actor task failed");
-                Ok(())
+                Ok(None)
             },
             None => {
                 // There are no actors to wait for. Wait indefinitely until actors are spawned.
@@ -183,8 +207,14 @@ impl Coordinator {
     /// Only actors that are currently active are notified. Since event effects are already
     /// persisted in the DB by `write_event()`, actors that spawn later read their state from the
     /// DB and do not need predating events.
-    pub fn send_targeted(&self, event: &MempoolEvent) {
+    ///
+    /// Returns account IDs of note targets that do not have active actors (e.g. previously
+    /// deactivated due to sterility). The caller can use this to re-activate actors for those
+    /// accounts.
+    pub fn send_targeted(&self, event: &MempoolEvent) -> Vec<NetworkAccountId> {
         let mut target_account_ids = HashSet::new();
+        let mut inactive_targets = Vec::new();
+
         if let MempoolEvent::TransactionAdded { network_notes, account_delta, .. } = event {
             // We need to inform the account if it was updated. This lets it know that its own
             // transaction has been applied, and in the future also resolves race conditions with
@@ -206,6 +236,8 @@ impl Coordinator {
                 let network_account_id = note.account_id();
                 if self.actor_registry.contains_key(&network_account_id) {
                     target_account_ids.insert(network_account_id);
+                } else {
+                    inactive_targets.push(network_account_id);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -215,6 +247,8 @@ impl Coordinator {
                 handle.notify.notify_one();
             }
         }
+
+        inactive_targets
     }
 
     /// Writes mempool event effects to the database.
@@ -268,3 +302,60 @@ impl Coordinator {
         }
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use miden_node_proto::domain::mempool::MempoolEvent;
+    use miden_node_proto::domain::note::NetworkNote;
+
+    use super::*;
+    use crate::db::Db;
+    use crate::test_utils::*;
+
+    /// Creates a coordinator with default settings backed by a temp DB.
+    async fn test_coordinator() -> (Coordinator, tempfile::TempDir) {
+        let (db, dir) = Db::test_setup().await;
+        (Coordinator::new(4, db), dir)
+    }
+
+    /// Registers a dummy actor handle (no real actor task) in the coordinator's registry.
+    fn register_dummy_actor(coordinator: &mut Coordinator, account_id: NetworkAccountId) {
+        let notify = Arc::new(Notify::new());
+        let cancel_token = CancellationToken::new();
+        coordinator
+            .actor_registry
+            .insert(account_id, ActorHandle::new(notify, cancel_token));
+    }
+
+    // SEND TARGETED TESTS
+    // ============================================================================================
+
+    #[tokio::test]
+    async fn send_targeted_returns_inactive_targets() {
+        let (mut coordinator, _dir) = test_coordinator().await;
+
+        let active_id = mock_network_account_id();
+        let inactive_id = mock_network_account_id_seeded(42);
+
+        // Only register the active account.
+        register_dummy_actor(&mut coordinator, active_id);
+
+        let note_active = mock_single_target_note(active_id, 10);
+        let note_inactive = mock_single_target_note(inactive_id, 20);
+
+        let event = MempoolEvent::TransactionAdded {
+            id: mock_tx_id(1),
+            nullifiers: vec![],
+            network_notes: vec![
+                NetworkNote::SingleTarget(note_active),
+                NetworkNote::SingleTarget(note_inactive),
+            ],
+            account_delta: None,
+        };
+
+        let inactive_targets = coordinator.send_targeted(&event);
+
+        assert_eq!(inactive_targets.len(), 1);
+        assert_eq!(inactive_targets[0], inactive_id);
+    }
+}

crates/ntx-builder/src/db/mod.rs

@@ -224,4 +224,15 @@ impl Db {
         apply_migrations(&mut conn).expect("migrations should apply on empty database");
         (conn, dir)
     }
+
+    /// Creates an async `Db` instance backed by a temp file for testing.
+    ///
+    /// Returns `(Db, TempDir)` — the `TempDir` must be kept alive for the DB's lifetime.
+    #[cfg(test)]
+    pub async fn test_setup() -> (Db, tempfile::TempDir) {
+        let dir = tempfile::tempdir().expect("failed to create temp directory");
+        let db_path = dir.path().join("test.sqlite3");
+        let db = Db::setup(db_path).await.expect("test DB setup should succeed");
+        (db, dir)
+    }
 }