implement an Smt with a HistoricalView to look back

[drahnr]

Describe your changes

Continuation of 0xMiden/miden-node#1229 without the operational issues of being out-of-crate.

First piece of part 3 of 0xMiden/miden-node#1185

Approach

The current approach is to track inverted MutationSets in addition to the latest version of the Smt, underpinning an AccountTree (not part of this implementation.

Now we do not store inner nodes, but recalculate them (and cache them) on a per block (= set of overlays) basis. We do this by creating a HistoricalView and use dynamic programming (~ish) to use the cache as the walk down the children of a desired node index, part of the merkle path, is done.
An additional optimization is performed only checking overlays that actually modify any of the leaves that are able to modify a node index, which is relatively cheap, it's called "poisoning" for now.

Left TODOs

• use Arc<ReadWriteLock<Cache>> for sharing the same cache for multiple views
• Overlay::new is missing an impl
• tests!
• integration with AccountTree out of scope