hw3 added

Author: zeynepoztunc

hw3/Oztunc_Zeynep.dart

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+//outer function that calcultaes the price of an item
+double calculatePrice(double dollar){
+  
+  // inner function that converts the item to lira
+  double convertDollarToLira(double d) { 
+    return d * 18.64;
+  }
+  //returns the price of the item 
+  return 100 + convertDollarToLira(dollar);//adds 100 lira for taxes
+}
+
+//scope of local variables
+void scopeExample(){
+  
+  //scope of the local variables
+  int localVar=10;//mainVar's scope is inside scopeExample function
+
+  //loopVar's scope  is only inside the loop
+  for(int loopVar=0; loopVar<3; loopVar++)
+  {
+    print('loopVar is:  $loopVar');
+    print('localVar is:  $localVar');
+  }
+    //print('loopVar is:  $loopVar'); error!
+    print('localVar is:  $localVar');
+    //print('fooVar is:  $fooVar'); error!
+}
+void foo(){
+  var fooVar;
+}
+
+//example function demonstrating pass by value
+void newString(String param1){
+  param1="ENG 401";  
+}
+
+//required positional parameter
+int product(int x, int y){
+  
+  return x * y;
+}
+
+//positional parameters, second one is optional
+void printNames(String name1,[String? name2]) {
+  print("First name is: $name1");
+  
+  if(name2 != null){
+      print("Second name is: $name2");
+  }
+}
+
+//required positional parameters
+int subtraction({required int x, required int y}) {
+  return x-y;
+}
+
+//named parameters, second one is optional
+void printMovies({required String movie1, String? movie2}) {
+  print("First movie is: $movie1");
+  
+  if(movie2 != null){
+      print("Second movie is: $movie2");
+  }
+}
+
+//example of a closure
+//a function that multiplies two numbers
+Function mul(num firstOperand) {
+  return (num x) => firstOperand * x;
+}
+
+void main(){
+double dollarPrice=15;//price of the product in dollars
+double liraPrice;//price of the product in liras
+  
+//calculate the price of the product in liras using nested suprograms
+liraPrice= calculatePrice(dollarPrice);
+  
+//print the price to the console
+print('The price of the product in lira is : $liraPrice');
+  
+//calling the scopeExample function
+scopeExample();
+  
+//example of pass by value in Dart
+//defining a new string
+String courseName="CS 319";
+newString(courseName);
+print('The course name is : $courseName');//course name is unchanged
+
+  
+//calling a function with required positional parameters
+int result= product(2,3);
+print(result);
+//product(2); too few positional arguments!
+  
+printNames("Elif","Selin");
+printNames("Ayşe");
+
+//calling a function with required named parameters
+int sub = subtraction(x:5,y:1);
+//sub=subtraction(x:5); error! an argument for y should be given
+print('$sub');
+  
+//calling a function with named parameters
+//second parameter is optional while the first is required
+printMovies(movie1:"Forrest Gump", movie2:"Godfather");
+printMovies(movie1:"Triangle of Sadness");
+
+//create a function that multiplies 10
+var secondOperand = mul(10);//mul closes over secondOperand
+
+//pass 7 to that function
+print(secondOperand(7));
+
+ 
+}