fix/normalize storage paths (#2384)

* bring in path normalization function from v2, and add a failing test

* rephrase comment

* simplify storepath creation

* Update tests/v3/test_api.py

Co-authored-by: Joe Hamman <joe@earthmover.io>

* refactor: remove redundant zarr format fixture

* replace assertion with an informative error message

* fix incorrect path concatenation in make_store_path, and refactor store_path tests

* remove upath import because we don't need it

* apply suggestions from code review

---------

Co-authored-by: Joe Hamman <joe@earthmover.io>

Author: d-v-b

src/zarr/api/asynchronous.py

@@ -170,10 +170,7 @@ async def consolidate_metadata(
         The group, with the ``consolidated_metadata`` field set to include
         the metadata of each child node.
     """
-    store_path = await make_store_path(store)
-
-    if path is not None:
-        store_path = store_path / path
+    store_path = await make_store_path(store, path=path)
 
     group = await AsyncGroup.open(store_path, zarr_format=zarr_format, use_consolidated=False)
     group.store_path.store._check_writable()
@@ -291,10 +288,7 @@ async def open(
     """
     zarr_format = _handle_zarr_version_or_format(zarr_version=zarr_version, zarr_format=zarr_format)
 
-    store_path = await make_store_path(store, mode=mode, storage_options=storage_options)
-
-    if path is not None:
-        store_path = store_path / path
+    store_path = await make_store_path(store, mode=mode, path=path, storage_options=storage_options)
 
     if "shape" not in kwargs and mode in {"a", "w", "w-"}:
         try:
@@ -401,9 +395,7 @@ async def save_array(
     )
 
     mode = kwargs.pop("mode", None)
-    store_path = await make_store_path(store, mode=mode, storage_options=storage_options)
-    if path is not None:
-        store_path = store_path / path
+    store_path = await make_store_path(store, path=path, mode=mode, storage_options=storage_options)
     new = await AsyncArray.create(
         store_path,
         zarr_format=zarr_format,
@@ -582,9 +574,7 @@ async def group(
 
     mode = None if isinstance(store, Store) else cast(AccessModeLiteral, "a")
 
-    store_path = await make_store_path(store, mode=mode, storage_options=storage_options)
-    if path is not None:
-        store_path = store_path / path
+    store_path = await make_store_path(store, path=path, mode=mode, storage_options=storage_options)
 
     if chunk_store is not None:
         warnings.warn("chunk_store is not yet implemented", RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=2)
@@ -697,9 +687,7 @@ async def open_group(
     if chunk_store is not None:
         warnings.warn("chunk_store is not yet implemented", RuntimeWarning, stacklevel=2)
 
-    store_path = await make_store_path(store, mode=mode, storage_options=storage_options)
-    if path is not None:
-        store_path = store_path / path
+    store_path = await make_store_path(store, mode=mode, storage_options=storage_options, path=path)
 
     if attributes is None:
         attributes = {}
@@ -883,9 +871,7 @@ async def create(
         if not isinstance(store, Store | StorePath):
             mode = "a"
 
-    store_path = await make_store_path(store, mode=mode, storage_options=storage_options)
-    if path is not None:
-        store_path = store_path / path
+    store_path = await make_store_path(store, path=path, mode=mode, storage_options=storage_options)
 
     return await AsyncArray.create(
         store_path,
@@ -925,6 +911,7 @@ async def empty(
     retrieve data from an empty Zarr array, any values may be returned,
     and these are not guaranteed to be stable from one access to the next.
     """
+
     return await create(shape=shape, fill_value=None, **kwargs)
 
 
@@ -1044,7 +1031,7 @@ async def open_array(
     store: StoreLike | None = None,
     zarr_version: ZarrFormat | None = None,  # deprecated
     zarr_format: ZarrFormat | None = None,
-    path: PathLike | None = None,
+    path: PathLike = "",
     storage_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
     **kwargs: Any,  # TODO: type kwargs as valid args to save
 ) -> AsyncArray[ArrayV2Metadata] | AsyncArray[ArrayV3Metadata]:
@@ -1071,9 +1058,7 @@ async def open_array(
     """
 
     mode = kwargs.pop("mode", None)
-    store_path = await make_store_path(store, mode=mode)
-    if path is not None:
-        store_path = store_path / path
+    store_path = await make_store_path(store, path=path, mode=mode)
 
     zarr_format = _handle_zarr_version_or_format(zarr_version=zarr_version, zarr_format=zarr_format)
 

src/zarr/storage/_utils.py

@@ -1,11 +1,49 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import re
+from pathlib import Path
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from zarr.core.buffer import Buffer
 
 
+def normalize_path(path: str | bytes | Path | None) -> str:
+    if path is None:
+        result = ""
+    elif isinstance(path, bytes):
+        result = str(path, "ascii")
+
+    # handle pathlib.Path
+    elif isinstance(path, Path):
+        result = str(path)
+
+    elif isinstance(path, str):
+        result = path
+
+    else:
+        raise TypeError(f'Object {path} has an invalid type for "path": {type(path).__name__}')
+
+    # convert backslash to forward slash
+    result = result.replace("\\", "/")
+
+    # remove leading and trailing slashes
+    result = result.strip("/")
+
+    # collapse any repeated slashes
+    pat = re.compile(r"//+")
+    result = pat.sub("/", result)
+
+    # disallow path segments with just '.' or '..'
+    segments = result.split("/")
+    if any(s in {".", ".."} for s in segments):
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"The path {path!r} is invalid because its string representation contains '.' or '..' segments."
+        )
+
+    return result
+
+
 def _normalize_interval_index(
     data: Buffer, interval: None | tuple[int | None, int | None]
 ) -> tuple[int, int]:

src/zarr/storage/common.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 from zarr.core.buffer import Buffer, default_buffer_prototype
 from zarr.core.common import ZARR_JSON, ZARRAY_JSON, ZGROUP_JSON, ZarrFormat
 from zarr.errors import ContainsArrayAndGroupError, ContainsArrayError, ContainsGroupError
+from zarr.storage._utils import normalize_path
 from zarr.storage.local import LocalStore
 from zarr.storage.memory import MemoryStore
 
@@ -41,9 +42,9 @@ class StorePath:
     store: Store
     path: str
 
-    def __init__(self, store: Store, path: str | None = None) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, store: Store, path: str = "") -> None:
         self.store = store
-        self.path = path or ""
+        self.path = path
 
     async def get(
         self,
@@ -159,6 +160,7 @@ def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
 async def make_store_path(
     store_like: StoreLike | None,
     *,
+    path: str | None = "",
     mode: AccessModeLiteral | None = None,
     storage_options: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
 ) -> StorePath:
@@ -189,6 +191,9 @@ async def make_store_path(
     ----------
     store_like : StoreLike | None
         The object to convert to a `StorePath` object.
+    path: str | None, optional
+        The path to use when creating the `StorePath` object.  If None, the
+        default path is the empty string.
     mode : AccessModeLiteral | None, optional
         The mode to use when creating the `StorePath` object.  If None, the
         default mode is 'r'.
@@ -209,37 +214,44 @@ async def make_store_path(
     from zarr.storage.remote import RemoteStore  # circular import
 
     used_storage_options = False
-
+    path_normalized = normalize_path(path)
     if isinstance(store_like, StorePath):
         if mode is not None and mode != store_like.store.mode.str:
             _store = store_like.store.with_mode(mode)
             await _store._ensure_open()
-            store_like = StorePath(_store)
-        result = store_like
+            store_like = StorePath(_store, path=store_like.path)
+        result = store_like / path_normalized
     elif isinstance(store_like, Store):
         if mode is not None and mode != store_like.mode.str:
             store_like = store_like.with_mode(mode)
         await store_like._ensure_open()
-        result = StorePath(store_like)
+        result = StorePath(store_like, path=path_normalized)
     elif store_like is None:
         # mode = "w" is an exception to the default mode = 'r'
-        result = StorePath(await MemoryStore.open(mode=mode or "w"))
+        result = StorePath(await MemoryStore.open(mode=mode or "w"), path=path_normalized)
     elif isinstance(store_like, Path):
-        result = StorePath(await LocalStore.open(root=store_like, mode=mode or "r"))
+        result = StorePath(
+            await LocalStore.open(root=store_like, mode=mode or "r"), path=path_normalized
+        )
     elif isinstance(store_like, str):
         storage_options = storage_options or {}
 
         if _is_fsspec_uri(store_like):
             used_storage_options = True
             result = StorePath(
-                RemoteStore.from_url(store_like, storage_options=storage_options, mode=mode or "r")
+                RemoteStore.from_url(store_like, storage_options=storage_options, mode=mode or "r"),
+                path=path_normalized,
             )
         else:
-            result = StorePath(await LocalStore.open(root=Path(store_like), mode=mode or "r"))
+            result = StorePath(
+                await LocalStore.open(root=Path(store_like), mode=mode or "r"), path=path_normalized
+            )
     elif isinstance(store_like, dict):
         # We deliberate only consider dict[str, Buffer] here, and not arbitrary mutable mappings.
         # By only allowing dictionaries, which are in-memory, we know that MemoryStore appropriate.
-        result = StorePath(await MemoryStore.open(store_dict=store_like, mode=mode or "r"))
+        result = StorePath(
+            await MemoryStore.open(store_dict=store_like, mode=mode or "r"), path=path_normalized
+        )
     else:
         msg = f"Unsupported type for store_like: '{type(store_like).__name__}'"  # type: ignore[unreachable]
         raise TypeError(msg)

src/zarr/storage/local.py

@@ -97,7 +97,10 @@ def __init__(self, root: Path | str, *, mode: AccessModeLiteral = "r") -> None:
         super().__init__(mode=mode)
         if isinstance(root, str):
             root = Path(root)
-        assert isinstance(root, Path)
+        if not isinstance(root, Path):
+            raise TypeError(
+                f'"root" must be a string or Path instance. Got an object with type {type(root)} instead.'
+            )
         self.root = root
 
     async def _open(self) -> None:

tests/v3/conftest.py

@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ def array_fixture(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> npt.NDArray[Any]:
     )
 
 
-@pytest.fixture(params=(2, 3))
+@pytest.fixture(params=(2, 3), ids=["zarr2", "zarr3"])
 def zarr_format(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> ZarrFormat:
     if request.param == 2:
         return 2

tests/v3/test_api.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import pathlib
 import warnings
+from typing import Literal
 
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
@@ -10,9 +11,19 @@
 import zarr.core.group
 from zarr import Array, Group
 from zarr.abc.store import Store
-from zarr.api.synchronous import create, group, load, open, open_group, save, save_array, save_group
+from zarr.api.synchronous import (
+    create,
+    group,
+    load,
+    open,
+    open_group,
+    save,
+    save_array,
+    save_group,
+)
 from zarr.core.common import ZarrFormat
 from zarr.errors import MetadataValidationError
+from zarr.storage._utils import normalize_path
 from zarr.storage.memory import MemoryStore
 
 
@@ -37,6 +48,20 @@ def test_create_array(memory_store: Store) -> None:
     assert z.chunks == (40,)
 
 
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("path", ["foo", "/", "/foo", "///foo/bar"])
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("node_type", ["array", "group"])
+def test_open_normalized_path(
+    memory_store: MemoryStore, path: str, node_type: Literal["array", "group"]
+) -> None:
+    node: Group | Array
+    if node_type == "group":
+        node = group(store=memory_store, path=path)
+    elif node_type == "array":
+        node = create(store=memory_store, path=path, shape=(2,))
+
+    assert node.path == normalize_path(path)
+
+
 async def test_open_array(memory_store: MemoryStore) -> None:
     store = memory_store
 

tests/v3/test_group.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 import contextlib
 import pickle
 import warnings
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, cast
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal
 
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 from zarr import Array, AsyncArray, AsyncGroup, Group
 from zarr.abc.store import Store
 from zarr.core.buffer import default_buffer_prototype
-from zarr.core.common import JSON, ZarrFormat
 from zarr.core.group import ConsolidatedMetadata, GroupMetadata
 from zarr.core.sync import sync
 from zarr.errors import ContainsArrayError, ContainsGroupError
@@ -26,6 +25,8 @@
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from _pytest.compat import LEGACY_PATH
 
+    from zarr.core.common import JSON, ZarrFormat
+
 
 @pytest.fixture(params=["local", "memory", "zip"])
 async def store(request: pytest.FixtureRequest, tmpdir: LEGACY_PATH) -> Store:
@@ -43,14 +44,6 @@ def exists_ok(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> bool:
     return result
 
 
-@pytest.fixture(params=[2, 3], ids=["zarr2", "zarr3"])
-def zarr_format(request: pytest.FixtureRequest) -> ZarrFormat:
-    result = request.param
-    if result not in (2, 3):
-        raise ValueError("Wrong value returned from test fixture.")
-    return cast(ZarrFormat, result)
-
-
 def test_group_init(store: Store, zarr_format: ZarrFormat) -> None:
     """
     Test that initializing a group from an asyncgroup works.
@@ -587,6 +580,7 @@ def test_group_array_creation(
     assert empty_array.fill_value == 0
     assert empty_array.shape == shape
     assert empty_array.store_path.store == store
+    assert empty_array.store_path.path == "empty"
 
     empty_like_array = group.empty_like(name="empty_like", data=empty_array)
     assert isinstance(empty_like_array, Array)