SimVQ: Addressing Representation Collapse in Vector Quantized Models with One Linear Layer

💡 Some other projects about Discrete Tokenizer based Multimodal GenAI from our team may interest you ✨.

[NeurIPS 2024] Stabilize the Latent Space for Image Autoregressive Modeling: A Unified Perspective
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[ACL 2024] Generative Pre-Trained Speech Language Model with Efficient Hierarchical Transformer
Yongxin Zhu, Dan Su, Liqiang He, Linli Xu, Dong Yu
(Adopted by Moshi)

[EMNLP 2023] DiffS2UT: A Semantic Preserving Diffusion Model for Textless Direct Speech-to-Speech Translation
Yongxin Zhu, Zhujin Gao, Xinyuan Zhou, Zhongyi Ye, Linli Xu

Algorithm for SimVQ

You can find the core code here https://github.com/youngsheen/SimVQ/blob/main/taming/modules/vqvae/quantize.py#L28-L33

Quantitative Comparison

Table 1. Reconstruction performance of different tokenizers on $128 \times 128$ ImageNet 50k validation set.

Method	Codebook Size	Codebook Utilization	rFID	LPIPS	PSNR	SSIM	Checkpoint
VQGAN	65,536	1.4%	3.74	0.17	22.20	70.6	-
VQGAN	65,536	4.5%	3.23	0.15	22.89	72.3	-
VQGAN-FC	65,536	100.0%	2.63	0.13	23.79	77.5	-
FSQ	64,000	100.0%	2.80	0.13	23.63	75.8	-
LFQ	65,536	100.0%	2.88	0.13	23.60	77.2	-
VQGAN-LC	65,536	100.0%	2.40	0.13	23.98	77.3	-
SimVQ (ours)	65,536	100.0%	2.24	0.12	24.15	78.4	-
SimVQ (ours)	262,144	100.0%	1.99	0.11	24.68	80.3	-

Table 2. Reconstruction performance of different tokenizers on LibriTTS test clean/other set.

Method	Bandwidth	Codebook Utilization	UTMOS	PESQ	STOI	V/UV F1	Checkpoint
Encodec	3.0kbps	-/-%	2.31/2.09	2.05/2.05	0.90/0.88	0.92/0.89	-
Vocos	3.0kbps	-/-%	3.53/3.06	2.40/2.19	0.92/0.90	0.94/0.91	-
SpeechTokenizer	3.0kbps	-/-%	3.56/3.02	1.93/1.74	0.88/0.84	0.93/0.89	-
WavTokenizer	0.9kbps	100/100%	3.74/3.43	2.01/2.26	0.89/0.89	0.92/0.92	-
WavTokenizer	1.05kbps	27/-%	4.00/-	2.36/-	0.81/-	0.94/-	-
SimVQ (ours)	0.9kbps	100.0/100.0%	4.00/3.51	2.33/2.08	0.91/0.88	0.94/0.91	-
SimVQ (ours)	1.35kbps	95.6/94.7%	4.03/3.53	2.61/2.31	0.93/0.90	0.95/0.93	-

Reconstruction Visualization

Figure 2. Visualization of the Open-MAGVIT2 tokenizer trained at $128 \times 128$ resolution (imagenet_simvq_128_Base version). (a) indicates the original images while (b) specifies the reconstruction images.

Figure 3. Visualization of the Open-MAGVIT2 tokenizer trained at LibriTTS (libritts_24khz version). (a) indicates the original images while (b) specifies the reconstruction images.

Implementations

Installation

• Dependencies: pip install -r requirements.txt
• Extra dependencies for audio evaluation: pip install -r requirements_audio.txt
• Datasets

imagenet
└── train/
    ├── n01440764
        ├── n01440764_10026.JPEG
        ├── n01440764_10027.JPEG
        ├── ...
    ├── n01443537
    ├── ...
└── val/
    ├── ...

LibriTTS
└── train-clean-100/
    ├── 103/
        ├── 1241/
            ├── 103_1241_000000_000001.wav
            ├── ...
    ├── 1034
    ├── ...
└── train-clean-360/
    ├── ...
└── train-other-500/
    ├── ...
└── dev-other/
    ├── ...
└── dev-clean/
    ├── ...
└── test-other/
    ├── ...
└── test-clean/
    ├── ...

Training Scripts

• Image Tokenizer Training

XDG_CACHE_HOME="dataset/ILSVRC2012" python main.py fit --config configs/imagenet_simvq_128_B.yaml

• Audio Tokenizer Training

DATA_ROOT="dataset/libritts" python main.py fit --config configs/libritts_24khz.yaml

Evaluation Scripts

• Image Tokenizer Evaluation

XDG_CACHE_HOME="dataset/ILSVRC2012" python evaluation.py --config_file vq_log/simvq_1k/size128/config.yaml --ckpt_path vq_log/simvq_1k/epoch=49-step=250250.ckpt

• Audio Tokenizer Evaluation

DATA_ROOT="dataset/libritts" python evaluation_speech.py --config_file vq_audio_log/simvq_1k/1second/config.yaml --ckpt_path vq_audio_log/simvq_1k/epoch=49-step=443500.ckpt

Acknowledgement

The codebase of SimVQ is adapted from Open-MAGVIT2 and WavTokenizer. Thanks for their wonderful work.