Yocto/GL: Tiny C++ Libraries for Data-Oriented Physically-based Graphics

Yocto/GL is a collection of small C++17 libraries for building physically-based graphics algorithms released under the MIT license. Yocto/GL is written in a deliberatly data-oriented style for ease of development and use. Yocto/GL is split into two small libraries to make code navigation easier. See each header file for documentation.

• yocto/yocto_math.{h}: fixed-size vectors, matrices, rigid frames, rays, bounding boxes, transforms, timer
• yocto/yocto_random.{h}: random number generation, Perlin noise, Monte Carlo integration utilities
• yocto/yocto_shape.{h,cpp}: various utilities for manipulating triangle meshes, quads meshes and line sets, computation of normals and tangents, linear and Catmull-Clark subdivision, mesh loading and saving, procedural shapes generation, geometry utilities
• yocto/yocto_bvh.{h,cpp}: ray intersection and closest point queries of triangle meshes, quads meshes, line sets and instances scenes using a two-level bounding volume hierarchy
• yocto/yocto_image.{h,cpp}: simple image data type, image resizing, tonemapping, color correction, image loading and saving, procedural images, procedural sun-sky, color conversion utilities
• yocto/yocto_trace.{h,cpp}: path tracing of surfaces and hairs supporting area and environment illumination, microfacet GGX and subsurface scattering, multiple importance sampling
• yocto/yocto_scene.{h,cpp}: simple scene storage, evaluation of scene properties
• yocto/yocto_modelio.{h,cpp}: low level parsing and wiring for Ply, Obj, Pbrt and Yaml 3d formats
• yocto/yocto_sceneio.{h,cpp}: scene loading and saving of Obj, pbrt, glTF, and a custom, hackable, Yaml format

You can see Yocto/GL in action in the following applications written to test the library:

• apps/yscntrace.cpp: command-line path-tracer
• apps/yscnitrace.cpp: interactive path-tracer
• apps/yscnproc.cpp: command-line scene manipulation and conversion
• apps/yimgview.cpp: HDR/PNG/JPG image viewer with tonemapping and color grading
• apps/yimgproc.cpp: command-line image manipulation
• apps/yscnview.cpp: simple OpenGL viewer

Here are some test images rendered with the path tracer. More images are included in the project site.

Design Considerations

Yocto/GL follows a "data-oriented programming model" that makes data explicit. Data is stored in simple structs and accessed with free functions or directly. All data is public, so we make no attempt at encapsulation. All objects is Yocto/GL have value semantic and we do not use pointers in data structure but indices. This means that everything can be trivially serialized and there is no need for memory management.

We do this since this makes Yocto/GL easier to extend and quicker to learn, with a more explicit data flow that is easier when writing parallel code. Since Yocto/GL is mainly used for research and teaching, explicit data is both more hackable and easier to understand.

In terms of code style we prefer a functional approach rather than an object oriented one, favoring free functions to class methods. All functions and data are defined in the yocto namespace so any library can call all others. We do this to make it as easy as possible to extend the library simply by extending the yocto namespace.

The use of templates in Yocto was the reason for many refactorings, going from no template to heavy template use. After many changes, we settled on using few templates for readability.

We use exception for error reporting to reduce code size and make it seimpler to write and more robust io code. This follows the stardard practice in the C++ STL.

Credits

Main contributors:

• Fabio Pellacini (lead developer): web, github
• Edoardo Carra: github
• Giacomo Nazzaro: github

This library includes code from the PCG random number generator, boost hash_combine, and public domain code from github.com/sgorsten/linalg, gist.github.com/badboy/6267743 and github.com/nothings/stb_perlin.h. Other external libraries are included with their own license.

Compilation

This library requires a C++17 compiler and is know to compiled on OsX (Xcode >= 10), Windows (MSVC 2017) and Linux (gcc >= 7, clang >= 4).

You can build the example applications using CMake with mkdir build; cd build; cmake ..; cmake --build

Yocto/GL depends on stb_image.h, stb_image_write.h, stb_image_resize.h and tinyexr.h for image loading, saving and resizing, happly.hpp and cgltf.h for PLY and glTF support, and filesystem.hpp to support C++17 filesystem API when missing. All dependencies are included in the distribution.

OpenGL utilities include the OpenGL libraries, use GLEW on Windows/Linux, GLFW for windows handling and Dear ImGui for UI support. Since OpenGL is quite onerous and hard to link, its support can be disabled by defining YGL_OPENGL to 1 before including this file. If you use any of the OpenGL calls, make sure to properly link to the OpenGL libraries on your system. OpenGL extensions use glad.{h, cpp} For ImGUI, build with the libraries imgui.cpp, imgui_draw.cpp, imgui_impl_glfw_gl3.cpp. For raytracing, we optionally link to Intel's Embree if YGL_EMBREE is defined at build time.