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Page Visibility API之visibilitychange事件简介
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2016-10-08
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<h3 id="简介"><a href="#简介" class="headerlink" title="简介"></a>简介</h3><p><code>Page Visibility API</code>提供了一套让用户获悉当前网页是否可见或是否在焦点中。在多页浏览时，该属性会随着页面的切换而进行改动。当用户最小化页面或者切换至其他页面时，该API会发出一个<code>visibilitychange</code>事件告知网页的visibility属性已经发生了改变。</p>
<p>利用这个特性，我们可以针对性的做出一些动作，比如提醒用户已经离开该页面。特别是在播放视频的页面，当页面丢失焦点之后可以利用这个API做出一些特定的动作以提升网页的用户体验，比如暂停视频的播放。</p>
<p>注意：在使用了<code>iframe</code>的页面中，iframe的visibility属性跟随父文档。</p>
<h3 id="示例"><a href="#示例" class="headerlink" title="示例"></a>示例</h3><p><em>页面失去焦点后改变文档的标题</em></p>
<figure class="highlight js"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="built_in">document</span>.addEventListener(<span class="string">"visibilitychange"</span>, <span class="function"><span class="keyword">function</span> (<span class="params"></span>)</span>{</div><div class="line"> <span class="built_in">document</span>.title = <span class="string">'new title~'</span>;</div><div class="line">}, <span class="literal">false</span>);</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="浏览器兼容性"><a href="#浏览器兼容性" class="headerlink" title="浏览器兼容性"></a>浏览器兼容性</h3><p><del>该小节内容改编自MDN文档，请参考最新的兼容性说明页面<a href="http://caniuse.com/#feat=pagevisibility" target="_blank" rel="external">Page Visibility - Can I Use</a></del></p>
<p><strong>桌面浏览器</strong></p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>浏览器</th>
<th>起始版本</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Chrome</td>
<td>13<code>webkit</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Chrome</td>
<td>33</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Firefox (Gecko)</td>
<td>18 (18)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Internet Explorer</td>
<td>10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Opera</td>
<td>12.10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Safari (WebKit)</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>移动端</strong></p>
<table>
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<tr>
<th>浏览器</th>
<th>起始版本</th>
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<td>Android</td>
<td>4.4<code>webkit</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Firefox Mobile (Gecko)</td>
<td>18.0 (18)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>IE Phone</td>
<td>10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Opera Mobile</td>
<td>12.10</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Safari Mobile</td>
<td>7</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>注意：</p>
<ul>
<li>Opera浏览器中，当窗口最小化之后不要触发<code>visibilitychange</code>事件，也不要尝试设置<code>hidden</code>值</li><li>Firefox浏览器中，版本10-51之间的需要添加私有前缀moz(<code>-moz-</code>)</li><li><code>webkit</code>表示需要添加私有前缀<code>-webkit-</code></li></ul>
<h3 id="参考资料"><a href="#参考资料" class="headerlink" title="参考资料"></a>参考资料</h3><ul>
<li><a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/page-visibility/#sec-visibilitychange-event" target="_blank" rel="external">Page Visibility - The visibilitychange event</a></li><li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Page_Visibility_API" target="_blank" rel="external">Page Visibility API - Web APIs | MDN</a></li><li><a href="https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/ie/2011/07/08/using-pc-hardware-more-efficiently-in-html5-new-web-performance-apis-part-2/" title="Using PC Hardware more efficiently in HTML5: New Web Performance APIs, Part 2" target="_blank" rel="external">Description of the Page Visibility API on the IEBlog</a></li><li><a href="http://caniuse.com/#feat=pagevisibility" target="_blank" rel="external">Page Visibility - Can I Use</a></li></ul>
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