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一探究竟：display
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2016-05-20
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<h3 id="概述"><a href="#概述" class="headerlink" title="概述"></a>概述</h3><p>一句话概括：display属性，设置元素如何显示。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>display属性指定元素渲染使用的类型。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="语法"><a href="#语法" class="headerlink" title="语法"></a>语法</h3><p><em>display: none | inline | block | list-item | inline-list-item | inline-block | inline-table | table | table-cell | table-column | table-column-group | table-footer-group | table-header-group | table-row | table-row-group | flex | inline-flex | grid | inline-grid | run-in | ruby | ruby-base | ruby-text | ruby-base-container | ruby-text-container | contents</em></p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div><div class="line">16</div><div class="line">17</div><div class="line">18</div><div class="line">19</div><div class="line">20</div><div class="line">21</div><div class="line">22</div><div class="line">23</div><div class="line">24</div><div class="line">25</div><div class="line">26</div><div class="line">27</div><div class="line">28</div><div class="line">29</div><div class="line">30</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">display: none</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">display: inline</div><div class="line">display: block</div><div class="line">display: contents</div><div class="line">display: list-item</div><div class="line">display: inline-block</div><div class="line">display: inline-table</div><div class="line">display: table</div><div class="line">display: table-cell</div><div class="line">display: table-column</div><div class="line">display: table-column-group</div><div class="line">display: table-footer-group</div><div class="line">display: table-header-group</div><div class="line">display: table-row</div><div class="line">display: table-row-group</div><div class="line">display: flex</div><div class="line">display: inline-flex</div><div class="line">display: grid</div><div class="line">display: inline-grid</div><div class="line">display: ruby</div><div class="line">display: ruby-base</div><div class="line">display: ruby-text</div><div class="line">display: ruby-base-container</div><div class="line">display: ruby-text-container </div><div class="line">display: run-in</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">display: inherit</div><div class="line">display: initial</div><div class="line">display: unset</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="取值"><a href="#取值" class="headerlink" title="取值"></a>取值</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>值</th>
<th>释义</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>none</td>
<td>隐藏对象。与visibility属性的hidden值不同，其不为被隐藏的对象保留其物理空间</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>inline</td>
<td>指定对象为内联元素。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>block</td>
<td>指定对象为块元素。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>list-item</td>
<td>指定对象为列表项目。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>inline-block</td>
<td>指定对象为内联块元素。（CSS2）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>table</td>
<td>指定对象作为块元素级的表格。类同于html标签<code>table</code>（CSS2）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>inline-table</td>
<td>指定对象作为内联元素级的表格。类同于html标签<code>table</code>（CSS2）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>table-caption</td>
<td>指定对象作为表格标题。类同于html标签<code>caption</code>（CSS2）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>table-cell</td>
<td>指定对象作为表格单元格。类同于html标签<code>td</code>（CSS2）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>table-row</td>
<td>指定对象作为表格行。类同于html标签<code>tr</code>（CSS2）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>table-row-group</td>
<td>指定对象作为表格行组。类同于html标签<code>tbody</code>（CSS2）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>table-column</td>
<td>指定对象作为表格列。类同于html标签<code>col</code>（CSS2）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>table-column-group</td>
<td>指定对象作为表格列组显示。类同于html标签<code>colgroup</code>（CSS2）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>table-header-group</td>
<td>指定对象作为表格标题组。类同于html标签<code>thead</code>（CSS2）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>table-footer-group</td>
<td>指定对象作为表格脚注组。类同于html标签<code>tfoot</code>（CSS2）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>run-in</td>
<td>根据上下文决定对象是内联对象还是块级对象。（CSS3）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>box</td>
<td>将对象作为弹性伸缩盒显示。（伸缩盒最老版本）（CSS3）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>inline-box</td>
<td>将对象作为内联块级弹性伸缩盒显示。（伸缩盒最老版本）（CSS3）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>flexbox</td>
<td>将对象作为弹性伸缩盒显示。（伸缩盒过渡版本）（CSS3）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>inline-flexbox</td>
<td>将对象作为内联块级弹性伸缩盒显示。（伸缩盒过渡版本）（CSS3）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>flex</td>
<td>将对象作为弹性伸缩盒显示。（伸缩盒最新版本）（CSS3）</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>inline-flex</td>
<td>将对象作为内联块级弹性伸缩盒显示。（伸缩盒最新版本）（CSS3）</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<blockquote>
<p>实验性的属性，如grid, ruby, content等这里没有列出，具体请参考<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/display#Values" target="_blank" rel="external">MDN</a>页面。</p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="display-none-vs-visibility-hidden"><a href="#display-none-vs-visibility-hidden" class="headerlink" title="display:none vs visibility:hidden"></a><em>display:none</em> vs <em>visibility:hidden</em></h4><ul>
<li>display:none<ul>
<li>视为不存在，且不加载！</li><li>使用该属性后，HTML元素（对象）的宽度、高度等各种属性值都将“丢失”</li><li>消失于视野，不占任何空间</li></ul>
</li><li>visibility:hidden<ul>
<li>隐藏，但在浏览时保留位置</li><li>使用该属性后，HTML元素（对象）仅仅是在视觉上看不见（完全透明），而它所占据的空间位置仍然存在，也即是说它仍具有高度、宽度等属性值。</li><li>隐形，虽然视野看不见，但仍有占位符</li></ul>
</li></ul>
<h4 id="display-inline-block相关"><a href="#display-inline-block相关" class="headerlink" title="display:inline-block相关"></a><em>display:inline-block</em>相关</h4><ul>
<li><em>display:inline-block</em>：将对象呈递为内联对象，但是对象的内容作为块对象呈递。旁边的内联对象会被呈递在同一行内，允许空格。</li><li>IE6、7支持inline元素转换成inline-block，但不支持block元素转换成inline-block，所以非inline元素在IE6、7下要转换成inline-block，需先转换成inline，然后触发hasLayout，以此来获得和inline-block类似的效果</li></ul>
<blockquote>
<p>你可以使用以下代码实现上一条效果：</p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">div {</div><div class="line"> display: inline-block;</div><div class="line"> *display: inline;</div><div class="line"> *zoom: 1;</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h4 id="其他说明"><a href="#其他说明" class="headerlink" title="其他说明"></a>其他说明</h4><ul>
<li>如果position既不是static也不是relative或者float不是none或者元素是根元素，当display:inline-table时，display的计算值为table；当display:inline | inline-block | run-in | table-* 系时，display的计算值为block，其它情况为指定值。</li></ul>
<h3 id="jQuery中对元素display属性的操作"><a href="#jQuery中对元素display属性的操作" class="headerlink" title="jQuery中对元素display属性的操作"></a>jQuery中对元素display属性的操作</h3><p>jQuery中对获取元素默认display属性的代码：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><figcaption><span>jQuery1.12.2</span><a href="https://github.com/jquery/jquery/blob/1.12-stable/src/css/defaultDisplay.js" target="_blank" rel="external">link</a></figcaption><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 代码太长，请点击右上角link查看。</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>jQuery中调用display默认值进行应用的实现函数：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><figcaption><span>jQuery1.12.2</span><a href="https://github.com/jquery/jquery/blob/1.12-stable/src/css/showHide.js" target="_blank" rel="external">link</a></figcaption><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 代码太长，请点击右上角link查看。</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>jQuery通过创建一个新元素，然后获取其默认的display属性值，并加入到缓存中。需要使用时从这个缓存对象中将display默认值取出并使用。最终实现方法为fn.show()、fn.hide()以及fn.toggle()。jQuery中对show/hide/toggle方法在后续处理中进行过动画相关操作，这里不是本文探讨的内容。更多信息请参阅<a href="http://api.jquery.com/show" target="_blank" rel="external">jQuery官方API文档</a>。</p>
<h3 id="QsLinz-js对display的实现"><a href="#QsLinz-js对display的实现" class="headerlink" title="QsLinz.js对display的实现"></a>QsLinz.js对display的实现</h3><figure class="highlight javascript"><figcaption><span>QsLinz.js</span><a href="https://github.com/xovel/qslinz/blob/master/QsLinz.0.1.1.js#L707" target="_blank" rel="external">link</a></figcaption><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="comment">// 代码太长，请点击右上角link查看。</span></div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>采用强制指定元素display属性的方式，将常见的不同display值存于对象oDisplay中，实现快速获取display值。<blockquote><p>QsLinz.js是仿照jQuery代码风格实现的一个简易Javascript类库，算是一个练手的自定义类库。<del>已弃坑，目前未公布版本为0.1.4。</del></p>
<footer><strong>QsLinz.js</strong><cite><a href="https://github.com/xovel/qslinz/" target="_blank" rel="external">github.com/xovel/qslinz</a></cite></footer></blockquote></p>
<h3 id="参考资料"><a href="#参考资料" class="headerlink" title="参考资料"></a>参考资料</h3><ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/display" target="_blank" rel="external">display - CSS | MDN</a></li><li><a href="http://blog.csdn.net/teamlet/article/details/42024995" target="_blank" rel="external">CSS中display对布局的影响以及元素display的默认值</a></li><li><a href="http://www.w3schools.com/cssref/pr_class_display.asp" target="_blank" rel="external">CSS display property</a></li><li><a href="http://api.jquery.com/show/" target="_blank" rel="external">.show() | jQuery API Documentation</a></li><li><a href="http://www.css88.com/book/css/properties/layout/display.htm" target="_blank" rel="external">display - CSS3参考手册</a></li><li><a href="https://www.zhihu.com/question/22991944" target="_blank" rel="external">CSS3 display:flex和display:box有什么区别？</a></li></ul>
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<div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#概述"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">概述</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#语法"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">语法</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#取值"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">取值</span></a><ol class="nav-child"><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#display-none-vs-visibility-hidden"><span class="nav-number">3.1.</span> <span class="nav-text">display:none vs visibility:hidden</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#display-inline-block相关"><span class="nav-number">3.2.</span> <span class="nav-text">display:inline-block相关</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-4"><a class="nav-link" href="#其他说明"><span class="nav-number">3.3.</span> <span class="nav-text">其他说明</span></a></li></ol></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#jQuery中对元素display属性的操作"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">jQuery中对元素display属性的操作</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#QsLinz-js对display的实现"><span class="nav-number">5.</span> <span class="nav-text">QsLinz.js对display的实现</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#参考资料"><span class="nav-number">6.</span> <span class="nav-text">参考资料</span></a></li></ol></div>
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