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css-animation.html
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CSS - animation简介
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<p>本文根据MDN上的文章<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/animation" target="_blank" rel="external">animation - CSS | MDN</a>整理而成。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="简介"><a href="#简介" class="headerlink" title="简介"></a>简介</h3><p>CSS的<code>animation</code>属性是一个简写的合集，包括的内容有：<code>animation-name</code>，<code>animation-duration</code>，<code>animation-timing-function</code>，<code>animation-delay</code>，<code>animation-iteration-count</code>，<code>animation-direction</code>，<code>animation-fill-mode</code>，<code>animation-play-state</code>。</p>
<p>CSS的animation属性可以应用于所有元素上，包括伪元素<code>::before</code>和<code>::after</code>。</p>
<h3 id="animation-name"><a href="#animation-name" class="headerlink" title="animation-name"></a>animation-name</h3><p>动画的名字，默认值为<code>none</code>。这个名字对应的帧动作将在<code>@keyframes</code>中进行定义。</p>
<h3 id="animation-duration"><a href="#animation-duration" class="headerlink" title="animation-duration"></a>animation-duration</h3><p>动画的持续时间，默认值为<code>0</code>。为<code>0</code>表示动画不会执行。非<code>0</code>值需要带单位，可以是秒<code>s</code>，也可以是毫秒<code>ms</code>。如果不给单位将视为一个无效值。</p>
<h3 id="animation-timing-function"><a href="#animation-timing-function" class="headerlink" title="animation-timing-function"></a>animation-timing-function</h3><p>动画的过度函数。</p>
<ul>
<li><code>linear</code>: 线性过渡。相当于贝塞尔曲线<code>(0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 1.0)</code></li><li><code>ease</code>: <strong>默认值</strong>。平滑过渡。相当于贝塞尔曲线<code>(0.25, 0.1, 0.25, 1.0)</code></li><li><code>ease-in</code>: 由慢到快。相当于贝塞尔曲线<code>(0.42, 0, 1.0, 1.0)</code></li><li><code>ease-out</code>: 由快到慢。相当于贝塞尔曲线<code>(0, 0, 0.58, 1.0)</code></li><li><code>ease-in-out</code>: 由慢到快再到慢。相当于贝塞尔曲线<code>(0.42, 0, 0.58, 1.0)</code></li><li><code>cubic-bezier(number, number, number, number)</code>: 特定的贝塞尔曲线类型，number 在 [0, 1] 区间内取值</li></ul>
<h3 id="animation-delay"><a href="#animation-delay" class="headerlink" title="animation-delay"></a>animation-delay</h3><p>动画初始的延迟时间，默认为<code>0</code>。为<code>0</code>时表示动画无延迟，立即执行。跟<code>duration</code>一样，非<code>0</code>值需要带单位。</p>
<p>可以设置为负值，设置负值时表示起始状态时动画已经执行了指定的时间。</p>
<h3 id="animation-iteration-count"><a href="#animation-iteration-count" class="headerlink" title="animation-iteration-count"></a>animation-iteration-count</h3><p>动画的循环次数，表示循环次数，默认为<code>1</code>。负值无效。<em>可以是小数，如设置为<code>2.5</code>，意味着动画执行两圈半。</em></p>
<p>设置为<code>infinite</code>表示无限循环。</p>
<h3 id="animation-direction"><a href="#animation-direction" class="headerlink" title="animation-direction"></a>animation-direction</h3><p>在循环中是否反向播放动画。<em>非循环动画该值无效。</em></p>
<ul>
<li><code>normal</code>，<strong>默认值</strong>。表示动画正方向正常播放。</li><li><code>reverse</code>，动画方向播放。</li><li><code>alternate</code>，每次循环后更换动画播放方向。即在奇数次时正向播放，在偶数次时反向播放。</li><li><code>alternate-reverse</code>，每次循环后更换动画播放方向，但第一次为反向。即动画在奇数次时反向播放，在偶数次时正向播放。</li></ul>
<h3 id="animation-fill-mode"><a href="#animation-fill-mode" class="headerlink" title="animation-fill-mode"></a>animation-fill-mode</h3><p><em>这是一个实验技术。</em></p>
<p>指定动画对象在动画执行之前或执行之后的样式状态。</p>
<ul>
<li><code>none</code>，<strong>默认值</strong>。不设置对象动画之外的状态</li><li><code>forwards</code>，设置对象状态为动画结束时的状态</li><li><code>backwards</code>，设置对象状态为动画开始时的状态</li><li><code>both</code>，设置对象状态为动画结束或开始的状态</li></ul>
<h3 id="animation-play-state"><a href="#animation-play-state" class="headerlink" title="animation-play-state"></a>animation-play-state</h3><p>表示动画的播放状态。</p>
<ul>
<li><code>running</code>，<strong>默认值</strong>。动画正在播放。</li><li><code>paused</code>，动画暂停。</li></ul>
<h3 id="keyframes"><a href="#keyframes" class="headerlink" title="@keyframes"></a>@keyframes</h3><p>动画帧的定义动作。</p>
<p>其语法简述为：</p>
<p><code>@keyframes identifier {selector {style;}}</code></p>
<ul>
<li><code>identifier</code>，动画的名称，对应于上面提到的<code>animation-name</code>。</li><li><code>selector</code>，动画持续时间的百分比。可以使用<code>from</code>来表示<code>0%</code>、<code>to</code>来表示<code>100%</code>。</li><li><code>style</code>，合理的CSS样式值，或者组合。</li></ul>
<blockquote>
<p><code>selector</code>可以使用多个进行组合，以逗号<code>,</code>分隔。<br>存在多个百分比一样的声明时，以最后一个为准，前面不论设置了什么都将被忽略<del>最新版规范没有对此进行说明，但有部分浏览器已经考虑对其实现了</del>。<br>使用<code>!important</code>声明样式时，该声明将被<strong>忽略</strong>。</p>
</blockquote>
<p>格式化语法：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">@keyframes <identifier> {</div><div class="line"> [ [ from | to | <percentage> ] [, from | to | <percentage> ]* block ]*</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="兼容性"><a href="#兼容性" class="headerlink" title="兼容性"></a>兼容性</h3><p><code>animation</code>是CSS3中的新特性，浏览器对其的实现并不统一。具体兼容性情形请参阅<a href="http://caniuse.com/#feat=css-animation" target="_blank" rel="external">Can I use</a></p>
<p>添加浏览器的特定前缀可以使其达到兼容性要求。</p>
<ul>
<li>WebKit系浏览器前缀<code>-webkit-</code>，包括诸如Safari、Chrome等众多现代浏览器</li><li>Gecko系浏览器前缀<code>-moz-</code>，Firefox内核</li><li>Presto系浏览器前缀<code>-o-</code>，<strong>已废弃</strong>，Opera之前的内核。Opera内核现在已经转为<code>Blink</code>，该内核是WebKit系。</li><li>Trident系浏览器前缀<code>-ms-</code>，IE内核</li></ul>
<p>诸如<code>-khtml-</code>、<code>-icab-</code>诸君可自行搜索。</p>
<p>在上述提到的所有属性以及<code>@keyframes</code>，可<em>在有必要的情况下</em>添加对应浏览器的私有前缀以实现兼容。</p>
<h3 id="示例"><a href="#示例" class="headerlink" title="示例"></a>示例</h3><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line">/* @keyframes duration | timing-function | delay | </div><div class="line"> iteration-count | direction | fill-mode | play-state | name */</div><div class="line"> animation: 3s ease-in 1s 2 reverse both paused slidein;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">/* @keyframes duration | timing-function | delay | name */</div><div class="line"> animation: 3s linear 1s slidein;</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line">/* @keyframes duration | name */</div><div class="line"> animation: 3s slidein;</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight css"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><div class="line">1</div><div class="line">2</div><div class="line">3</div><div class="line">4</div><div class="line">5</div><div class="line">6</div><div class="line">7</div><div class="line">8</div><div class="line">9</div><div class="line">10</div><div class="line">11</div><div class="line">12</div><div class="line">13</div><div class="line">14</div><div class="line">15</div></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><div class="line"><span class="selector-tag">p</span> {</div><div class="line"> <span class="attribute">animation-duration</span>: <span class="number">3s</span>;</div><div class="line"> <span class="attribute">animation-name</span>: slidein;</div><div class="line">} </div><div class="line">@<span class="keyword">keyframes</span> slidein {</div><div class="line"> <span class="selector-tag">from</span> {</div><div class="line"> <span class="attribute">margin-left</span>: <span class="number">100%</span>;</div><div class="line"> <span class="attribute">width</span>: <span class="number">300%</span>; </div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line"></div><div class="line"> <span class="selector-tag">to</span> {</div><div class="line"> <span class="attribute">margin-left</span>: <span class="number">0%</span>;</div><div class="line"> <span class="attribute">width</span>: <span class="number">100%</span>;</div><div class="line"> }</div><div class="line">}</div></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<blockquote>
<p>本人制作的一个错视动画:<a href="/garden/demo/animation-optical-illusion.html">错视动画演示</a></p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="参考资料"><a href="#参考资料" class="headerlink" title="参考资料"></a>参考资料</h3><ul>
<li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/animation" target="_blank" rel="external">animation - CSS | MDN</a></li><li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@keyframes" target="_blank" rel="external">@keyframes - CSS | MDN</a></li><li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/animation-name" target="_blank" rel="external">animation-name - CSS | MDN</a></li><li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/animation-duration" target="_blank" rel="external">animation-duration - CSS | MDN</a></li><li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/animation-timing-function" target="_blank" rel="external">animation-timing-function - CSS | MDN</a></li><li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/animation-delay" target="_blank" rel="external">animation-delay - CSS | MDN</a></li><li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/animation-iteration-count" target="_blank" rel="external">animation-iteration-count - CSS | MDN</a></li><li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/animation-direction" target="_blank" rel="external">animation-direction - CSS | MDN</a></li><li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/animation-fill-mode" target="_blank" rel="external">animation-fill-mode - CSS | MDN</a></li><li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/animation-play-state" target="_blank" rel="external">animation-play-state - CSS | MDN</a></li></ul>
<h3 id="扩展阅读"><a href="#扩展阅读" class="headerlink" title="扩展阅读"></a>扩展阅读</h3><ul>
<li><a href="https://drafts.csswg.org/css-animations/#animation" title="CSS动画草案" target="_blank" rel="external">CSS Animations Level 1</a></li><li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/animation" target="_blank" rel="external">Using CSS animations - CSS | MDN</a></li><li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_animated_properties," title="可以使用动画的CSS属性" target="_blank" rel="external">CSS animated properties - CSS | MDN</a></li><li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/AnimationEvent" title="动画事件" target="_blank" rel="external">AnimationEvent - Web APIs | MDN</a></li></ul>
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<p>全文完。</p>
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<div class="post-toc-content"><ol class="nav"><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#简介"><span class="nav-number">1.</span> <span class="nav-text">简介</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#animation-name"><span class="nav-number">2.</span> <span class="nav-text">animation-name</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#animation-duration"><span class="nav-number">3.</span> <span class="nav-text">animation-duration</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#animation-timing-function"><span class="nav-number">4.</span> <span class="nav-text">animation-timing-function</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#animation-delay"><span class="nav-number">5.</span> <span class="nav-text">animation-delay</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#animation-iteration-count"><span class="nav-number">6.</span> <span class="nav-text">animation-iteration-count</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#animation-direction"><span class="nav-number">7.</span> <span class="nav-text">animation-direction</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#animation-fill-mode"><span class="nav-number">8.</span> <span class="nav-text">animation-fill-mode</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#animation-play-state"><span class="nav-number">9.</span> <span class="nav-text">animation-play-state</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#keyframes"><span class="nav-number">10.</span> <span class="nav-text">@keyframes</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#兼容性"><span class="nav-number">11.</span> <span class="nav-text">兼容性</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#示例"><span class="nav-number">12.</span> <span class="nav-text">示例</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#参考资料"><span class="nav-number">13.</span> <span class="nav-text">参考资料</span></a></li><li class="nav-item nav-level-3"><a class="nav-link" href="#扩展阅读"><span class="nav-number">14.</span> <span class="nav-text">扩展阅读</span></a></li></ol></div>
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