[FLINK-13078][table-common] Add a logical type parser

This adds a parser for all logical types defined in FLIP-37.

This closes apache#9061.

Author: twalthr

flink-table/flink-table-common/src/main/java/org/apache/flink/table/types/logical/LogicalType.java

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 import org.apache.flink.annotation.PublicEvolving;
 import org.apache.flink.table.types.logical.utils.LogicalTypeCasts;
 import org.apache.flink.table.types.logical.utils.LogicalTypeGeneralization;
+import org.apache.flink.table.types.logical.utils.LogicalTypeParser;
 import org.apache.flink.util.Preconditions;
 
 import java.io.Serializable;
@@ -98,6 +99,8 @@ public final LogicalType copy() {
 	 * Returns a string that fully serializes this instance. The serialized string can be used for
 	 * transmitting or persisting a type.
 	 *
+	 * <p>See {@link LogicalTypeParser} for the reverse operation.
+	 *
 	 * @return detailed string for transmission or persistence
 	 */
 	public abstract String asSerializableString();