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‎PHP-知识体系结构.md

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1. 服务器与部署
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2. PHP基础知识
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3. JavaScript与HTML基础知识
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4. 数据库基础知识
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5. Linux基础知识
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6. 编程实践
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# 计算机基础
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网站系统的结构：
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操作系统： Linux
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后端： PHP/Python/Ruby/Java
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前端: JavaScript、HTML、CSS + iOS(OC、Swift), Android(Java), HTML5
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数据库： MySQL、Redis、MongoDB
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# PHP基础知识
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### 字符串与编码
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### 正则表达式
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### PHP数组
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### PHP文件系统
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### PHP安全
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# Linux基础知识
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# 深入JavaScript与HTML/CSS
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# 综合项目实战、大规模网站开发技术
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# 其他知识：
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NodeJS
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Docker
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Vagrant
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‎chapter1_basic/HTTP基础知识.md

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# 深入HTTP协议
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HTTP协议和W3C组织
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用开发者工具分析HTTP数据包
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HTTP请求行、消息头、实体内容
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HTTP响应状态行、消息头和实体内容
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HTTP响应状态码详解
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HTTP协议的应用和实战

‎chapter1_basic/PHP7_安装.md

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php7-install.md
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使用源码编译安装PHP7
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2015年6月11日，PHP官网发布消息，正式公开发布PHP7第一版的alpha版本.
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### PHP7特性：
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PHP 7.0.0 Alpha 1使用新版的ZendEngine引擎，带来了许多新的特性，以下是不完全列表：
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（1）性能提升：PHP7比PHP5.6性能提升了两倍。 Improved performance: PHP 7 is up to twice as fast as PHP 5.6
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（2）全面一致的64位支持。 Consistent 64-bit support
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（3）以前的许多致命错误，现在改成抛出异常。Many fatal errors are now Exceptions
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（4）移除了一些老的不在支持的SAPI（服务器端应用编程端口）和扩展。Removal of old and unsupported SAPIs and extensions
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（5）新增了空接合操作符。The null coalescing operator (??)
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（6）新增加了结合比较运算符。Combined comparison Operator (<=>)
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（7）新增加了函数的返回类型声明。Return Type Declarations
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（8）新增加了标量类型声明。Scalar Type Declarations
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（9）新增加匿名类。Anonymous Classes
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### 系统环境：
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```
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Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ uname -mnprs
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Darwin Mac-mini.local 14.3.0 x86_64 i386
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Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ sw_vers
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ProductName: Mac OS X
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ProductVersion: 10.10.3
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BuildVersion: 14D136
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```
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### 源码安装PHP7:
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PHP7下载地址：https://downloads.php.net/~ab/
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```
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$ wget https://downloads.php.net/~ab/php-7.0.0alpha1.tar.bz2
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$ tar jxf php-7.0.0alpha1.tar.bz2
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$ cd php-7.0.0alpha1
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$ ./configure
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... ...
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checking size of long... (cached) 8
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checking size of long long... (cached) 8
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checking for iconv support... yes
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checking for iconv... no
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checking for libiconv... no
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configure: error: Please specify the install prefix of iconv with --with-iconv=<DIR>
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```
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安装 libiconv (字符编码转换库)
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网站地址: http://www.gnu.org/software/libiconv/
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当前版本: http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
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```
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$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
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$ tar zxf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
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$ cd libiconv-1.14
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$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/lib/libiconv
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$ make
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$ sudo make install
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```
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配置参数
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```
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$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php7 \
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--enable-fpm \
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--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php7/etc \
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--with-iconv=/usr/local/lib/libiconv \
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执行configure配置后，可以看到有如下结果：
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... ...
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Thank you for using PHP.
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config.status: creating php7.spec
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config.status: creating main/build-defs.h
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config.status: creating scripts/phpize
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config.status: creating scripts/man1/phpize.1
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config.status: creating scripts/php-config
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config.status: creating scripts/man1/php-config.1
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config.status: creating sapi/cli/php.1
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config.status: creating sapi/cgi/php-cgi.1
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config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.1
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config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.phar.1
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config.status: creating main/php_config.h
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config.status: executing default commands
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WangTomdeMacBook-Pro:php-7.0.0alpha1 wangtom$
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```
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$ make
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$ make test
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$ sudo make install
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查看PHP7是否安装成功
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````
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WangTomdeMacBook-Pro:php-7.0.0alpha1 wangtom$ /usr/local/php7/bin/php -v
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PHP 7.0.0alpha1 (cli) (built: Jun 20 2015 00:04:19)
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Copyright (c) 1997-2015 The PHP Group
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Zend Engine v3.0.0-dev, Copyright (c) 1998-2015 Zend Technologies
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Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/php7/bin/php /usr/bin/php7
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Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ php -v
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PHP 5.5.20 (cli) (built: Feb 25 2015 23:30:53)
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Copyright (c) 1997-2014 The PHP Group
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Zend Engine v2.5.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2014 Zend Technologies
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Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ php7 -v
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PHP 7.0.0alpha1 (cli) (built: Jun 23 2015 17:24:34)
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Copyright (c) 1997-2015 The PHP Group
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Zend Engine v3.0.0-dev, Copyright (c) 1998-2015 Zend Technologies
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Mac-mini:php-fpm.d WangTom$ which php
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/usr/bin/php
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Mac-mini:php-fpm.d WangTom$ which php7
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/usr/bin/php7
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```
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### 配置PHP-FPM：
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Nginx不支持对外部程序的直接调用或者解析，所有的外部程序（包括PHP）必须通过FastCGI接口来调用。
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PHP-FPM是一个PHP FastCGI管理器,新版的PHP已经集成了php-fpm，在./configure的时候带 –enable-fpm参数即可开启PHP-FPM.
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FPM (FastCGI Process Manager) is an alternative PHP FastCGI implementation with some additional features (mostly) useful for heavy-loaded sites.
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启动 PHP-FPM:
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```
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Mac-mini:php7 WangTom$ /usr/local/php7/sbin/php-fpm
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[23-Jun-2015 15:33:01] WARNING: Nothing matches the include pattern '/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf' from /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf at line 125.
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[23-Jun-2015 15:33:01] ERROR: failed to open error_log (/usr/local/php7/var/log/php-fpm.log): Permission denied (13)
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[23-Jun-2015 15:33:01] ERROR: failed to post process the configuration
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[23-Jun-2015 15:33:01] ERROR: FPM initialization failed
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```
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提示错误说/usr/local/php7/var/log/php-fpm.log 没权限，就给777权限：
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$ chmod 777 /usr/local/php7/var/log/
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修改 php-fpm 配置文件：
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$ cd /usr/local/php7/etc/
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$ cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
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$ vim php-fpm.conf
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> 打开 error_log这一行的注释，默认该项被注释掉，若不修改会出现提示log文件路径不存在
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> error_log = /usr/local/php7/var/log/php-fpm.log
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> 打开inclue这一行的注释
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> include=/usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf
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修改 /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf 文件：
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如果这个文件不存在,就从default复制一份：
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$ cd /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/
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$ cp www.conf.default www.conf
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将配置文件中的 user 和 group 部分的 nobody 改成 www:
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$ vim /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
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> user = www
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> group = www
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开始启动 php-fpm：
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```
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Mac-mini:php-7.0.0alpha1 WangTom$ /usr/local/php7/sbin/php-fpm
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[23-Jun-2015 18:30:48] NOTICE: [pool www] 'user' directive is ignored when FPM is not running as root
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[23-Jun-2015 18:30:48] NOTICE: [pool www] 'group' directive is ignored when FPM is not running as root
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[23-Jun-2015 18:30:48] ERROR: unable to bind listening socket for address '127.0.0.1:9000': Address already in use (48)
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[23-Jun-2015 18:30:48] ERROR: FPM initialization failed
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```
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这个错误问题有两个：(1)没有使用root账户执行启动命令 (2)端口9000被占用
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解决方法：
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使用root账户执行php-fpm启动，或 sudo /usr/local/php7/sbin/php-fpm
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关闭 PHP-fpm, 并重新启动：
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```
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Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ lsof -P | grep ':9000' | awk '{print $2}' | xargs kill -9
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Mac-mini:php-7.0.0alpha1 WangTom$ /usr/local/php7/sbin/php-fpm -t
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[23-Jun-2015 18:30:25] NOTICE: configuration file /usr/local/php7/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful
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Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ sudo /usr/local/php7/sbin/php-fpm
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Mac-mini:~ WangTom$
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```
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修改Nginx 配置：
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在 nginx.conf 配置文件server 部分增加fastcgi配置，并重新加载配置文件：
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```
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Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ sudo vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
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> location ~ \.php$ {
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> root html;
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> fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
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> fastcgi_index index.php;
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> fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
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> include fastcgi_params;
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> }
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Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
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nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
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nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
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Mac-mini:~ WangTom$ sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
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Mac-mini:~ WangTom$
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```
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用到的一些命令：
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uname: 用来获取电脑和操作系统的相关信息
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sw_vers: Mac下查看系统版本信息
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lsof: 列出当前系统打开文件（list open files）
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which: 指令会在环境变量$PATH设置的目录里查找符合条件的文件
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参考链接：
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- http://php.net/archive/2015.php#id2015-06-11-3
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- http://www.hashbangcode.com/blog/compiling-and-installing-php7-ubuntu
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[END]

‎chapter1_basic/README.md

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README.md
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服务器与部署

‎chapter1_basic/安装Nginx服务器.md

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02-如何源码安装Nginx服务器
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# 02-如何源码安装Nginx服务器
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##### 安装 PCRE :
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> 网站：http://pcre.org/
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> 下载：
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> - ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/
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> - ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.36.tar.bz2
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##### 安装 Nginx :
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> + 网站地址：http://nginx.org/en/docs/
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> + 下载地址：http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
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##### 安装命令:
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```
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下载：
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wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
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tar zxf nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz
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cd nginx-1.8.0
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./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
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make
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sudo make install
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./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
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--sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx \
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--conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.conf \
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--pid-path=/usr/local/nginx/nginx.pid \
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--with-http_ssl_module \
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ps -ef |grep nginx
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启动Nginx:
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sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
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重新加载配置文件：
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sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
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sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
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```
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##### 检查是否安装成功：
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[1] 命令行查看Nginx版本：
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```
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/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
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Mac-mini:nginx-1.8.0 WangTom$ /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -V
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nginx version: nginx/1.8.0
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built by clang 6.1.0 (clang-602.0.53) (based on LLVM 3.6.0svn)
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configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx
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Mac-mini:nginx-1.8.0 WangTom$ /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
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nginx version: nginx/1.8.0
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```
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[2] 浏览器中查看页面
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在浏览器中访问： http://localhost/ 安装成功则页面出现：
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```
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Welcome to nginx!
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If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working.
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Further configuration is required.
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For online documentation and support please refer to nginx.org.
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Commercial support is available at nginx.com.
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Thank you for using nginx.
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```
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查看 Nginx 版本：
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Mac-mini:html WangTom$ sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -v
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nginx version: nginx/1.8.0
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检测 Nginx 配置文件
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Mac-mini:html WangTom$ sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
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nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
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nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
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To apply the new configuration, start nginx if it is not yet started or send the reload signal to the nginx’s master process, by executing:
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Mac-mini:html WangTom$ sudo /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
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Mac-mini:html WangTom$
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##### 参考地址：
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Building nginx from Sources:
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http://nginx.org/en/docs/configure.html
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[END]

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