fix: Add NODE_OPTIONS for debugging in next-dev (#46757)

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## Bug
fix #46948 
- [x] Related issues linked using `fixes #number`
- [x] Integration tests added
- [x] Errors have a helpful link attached, see
[`contributing.md`](https://github.com/vercel/next.js/blob/canary/contributing.md)

## Feature

- [ ] Implements an existing feature request or RFC. Make sure the
feature request has been accepted for implementation before opening a
PR.
- [ ] Related issues linked using `fixes #number`
- [ ]
[e2e](https://github.com/vercel/next.js/blob/canary/contributing/core/testing.md#writing-tests-for-nextjs)
tests added
- [ ] Documentation added
- [ ] Telemetry added. In case of a feature if it's used or not.
- [ ] Errors have a helpful link attached, see
[`contributing.md`](https://github.com/vercel/next.js/blob/canary/contributing.md)

## Documentation / Examples

- [ ] Make sure the linting passes by running `pnpm build && pnpm lint`
- [ ] The "examples guidelines" are followed from [our contributing
doc](https://github.com/vercel/next.js/blob/canary/contributing/examples/adding-examples.md)

Co-authored-by: Seiry Yu <seiry@squareup.com>

Author: seiry

packages/next/src/cli/next-dev.ts

@@ -477,22 +477,27 @@ If you cannot make the changes above, but still want to try out\nNext.js v13 wit
       let config: NextConfig
       let childProcess: ChildProcess | null = null
 
-      const isDebugging = process.execArgv.some((localArg) =>
-        localArg.startsWith('--inspect')
-      )
+      const isDebugging =
+        process.execArgv.some((localArg) => localArg.startsWith('--inspect')) ||
+        process.env.NODE_OPTIONS?.match?.(/--inspect(=\S+)?( |$)/)
 
-      const isDebuggingWithBrk = process.execArgv.some((localArg) =>
-        localArg.startsWith('--inspect-brk')
-      )
+      const isDebuggingWithBrk =
+        process.execArgv.some((localArg) =>
+          localArg.startsWith('--inspect-brk')
+        ) || process.env.NODE_OPTIONS?.match?.(/--inspect-brk(=\S+)?( |$)/)
 
       const debugPort = (() => {
-        const debugPortStr = process.execArgv
-          .find(
-            (localArg) =>
-              localArg.startsWith('--inspect') ||
-              localArg.startsWith('--inspect-brk')
-          )
-          ?.split('=')[1]
+        const debugPortStr =
+          process.execArgv
+            .find(
+              (localArg) =>
+                localArg.startsWith('--inspect') ||
+                localArg.startsWith('--inspect-brk')
+            )
+            ?.split('=')[1] ??
+          process.env.NODE_OPTIONS?.match?.(
+            /--inspect(-brk)?(=(\S+))?( |$)/
+          )?.[3]
         return debugPortStr ? parseInt(debugPortStr, 10) : 9229
       })()