docs: remove #[macro_use] extern crate (#1737)

Some of the examples still include `#[macro_use] extern crate`
statements for importing macros from `tracing` or `tracing-core`. On a
recent nightly, this results in import conflicts with the implicit
import of the documented crate in doctests:
https://github.com/tokio-rs/tracing/runs/4279736243?check_suite_focus=true

This commit removes all the `extern crate` statements from doctests. Our
MSRV is new enough that `extern crate` is not required on any of the Rust
versions we support.

Signed-off-by: Eliza Weisman <eliza@buoyant.io>

Author: hawkw

tracing-core/src/lib.rs

@@ -173,9 +173,7 @@ extern crate alloc;
 ///
 /// For example:
 /// ```rust
-/// # #[macro_use]
-/// # extern crate tracing_core;
-/// use tracing_core::callsite;
+/// use tracing_core::{callsite, identify_callsite};
 /// # use tracing_core::{Metadata, collect::Interest};
 /// # fn main() {
 /// pub struct MyCallsite {
@@ -209,9 +207,8 @@ macro_rules! identify_callsite {
 ///
 /// /// For example:
 /// ```rust
-/// # #[macro_use]
-/// # extern crate tracing_core;
 /// # use tracing_core::{callsite::Callsite, collect::Interest};
+/// use tracing_core::metadata;
 /// use tracing_core::metadata::{Kind, Level, Metadata};
 /// # fn main() {
 /// # pub struct MyCallsite { }

tracing/src/macros.rs

@@ -576,9 +576,7 @@ macro_rules! error_span {
 // ///
 // /// For example, the following does not compile:
 // /// ```rust,compile_fail
-// /// # #[macro_use]
-// /// # extern crate tracing;
-// /// # use tracing::Level;
+// /// # use tracing::{Level, event};
 // /// # fn main() {
 // /// event!(Level::INFO, foo = 5, bad_field, bar = "hello")
 // /// #}

tracing/src/span.rs

@@ -62,8 +62,7 @@
 //! The `enter` method enters a span, returning a [guard] that exits the span
 //! when dropped
 //! ```
-//! # #[macro_use] extern crate tracing;
-//! # use tracing::Level;
+//! # use tracing::{Level, span};
 //! let my_var: u64 = 5;
 //! let my_span = span!(Level::TRACE, "my_span", my_var);
 //!
@@ -88,8 +87,7 @@
 //! `in_scope` takes a closure or function pointer and executes it inside the
 //! span.
 //! ```
-//! # #[macro_use] extern crate tracing;
-//! # use tracing::Level;
+//! # use tracing::{Level, span};
 //! let my_var: u64 = 5;
 //! let my_span = span!(Level::TRACE, "my_span", my_var = &my_var);
 //!
@@ -122,8 +120,7 @@
 //! as long as the longest-executing span in its subtree.
 //!
 //! ```
-//! # #[macro_use] extern crate tracing;
-//! # use tracing::Level;
+//! # use tracing::{Level, span};
 //! // this span is considered the "root" of a new trace tree:
 //! span!(Level::INFO, "root").in_scope(|| {
 //!     // since we are now inside "root", this span is considered a child
@@ -143,8 +140,7 @@
 //! the `span!` macro. For example:
 //!
 //! ```rust
-//! # #[macro_use] extern crate tracing;
-//! # use tracing::Level;
+//! # use tracing::{Level, span};
 //! // Create, but do not enter, a span called "foo".
 //! let foo = span!(Level::INFO, "foo");
 //!
@@ -186,8 +182,6 @@
 //! _closed_. Consider, for example, a future which has an associated
 //! span and enters that span every time it is polled:
 //! ```rust
-//! # extern crate tracing;
-//! # extern crate futures;
 //! # use futures::{Future, Poll, Async};
 //! struct MyFuture {
 //!    // data
@@ -227,8 +221,7 @@
 //! that handle "closes" the span, since the capacity to enter it no longer
 //! exists. For example:
 //! ```
-//! # #[macro_use] extern crate tracing;
-//! # use tracing::Level;
+//! # use tracing::{Level, span};
 //! {
 //!     span!(Level::TRACE, "my_span").in_scope(|| {
 //!         // perform some work in the context of `my_span`...
@@ -261,8 +254,7 @@
 //! construct one span and perform the entire loop inside of that span, like:
 //!
 //! ```rust
-//! # #[macro_use] extern crate tracing;
-//! # use tracing::Level;
+//! # use tracing::{Level, span};
 //! # let n = 1;
 //! let span = span!(Level::TRACE, "my_loop");
 //! let _enter = span.enter();
@@ -273,8 +265,7 @@
 //! ```
 //! Or, should we create a new span for each iteration of the loop, as in:
 //! ```rust
-//! # #[macro_use] extern crate tracing;
-//! # use tracing::Level;
+//! # use tracing::{Level, span};
 //! # let n = 1u64;
 //! for i in 0..n {
 //!     let span = span!(Level::TRACE, "my_loop", iteration = i);
@@ -721,8 +712,7 @@ impl Span {
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```
-    /// #[macro_use] extern crate tracing;
-    /// # use tracing::Level;
+    /// # use tracing::{span, Level};
     /// let span = span!(Level::INFO, "my_span");
     /// let guard = span.enter();
     ///
@@ -737,7 +727,7 @@ impl Span {
     /// Guards need not be explicitly dropped:
     ///
     /// ```
-    /// #[macro_use] extern crate tracing;
+    /// # use tracing::trace_span;
     /// fn my_function() -> String {
     ///     // enter a span for the duration of this function.
     ///     let span = trace_span!("my_function");
@@ -759,7 +749,7 @@ impl Span {
     /// entered:
     ///
     /// ```
-    /// #[macro_use] extern crate tracing;
+    /// # use tracing::{info, info_span};
     /// let span = info_span!("my_great_span");
     ///
     /// {
@@ -1073,8 +1063,7 @@ impl Span {
     /// # Examples
     ///
     /// ```
-    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate tracing;
-    /// # use tracing::Level;
+    /// # use tracing::{trace, span, Level};
     /// let my_span = span!(Level::TRACE, "my_span");
     ///
     /// my_span.in_scope(|| {