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This file contains a summary of important user-visible changes.

New Features

  • API: New API function Solver::mkFloatingPoint(const Term& sign, const Term& exp, const Term& sig), returns a floating-point value from the three IEEE-754 bit-vector value components.
  • Support for timeout cores
    • API: New API function Solver::getTimeoutCore() when applicable returns a subset of the current assertions that cause the solver to timeout without a provided timeout (option --timeout-core-timeout).
    • SMT-LIB: New command (get-timeout-core) which invokes the above method.

cvc5 1.0.5

  • A new (hand-written) parser is available and enabled by default.
    • Note the previous parser can be enabled using command line options --no-flex-parser --no-stdin-input-per-line. These options will be available until version 1.1 is released.

cvc5 1.0.4

New Features

  • Support for the theory of (prime-order) finite fields:
    • Sorts are created with
      • C++: Solver::makeFiniteFieldSort
      • SMT-LIB: (_ FiniteField P) for prime order P
    • Constants are created with
      • C++: Solver::makeFiniteFieldElem
      • SMT-LIB: (as ffN F) for integer N and field sort F
    • The operators are multiplication, addition and negation
      • C++: kinds FF_MUL, FF_ADD, and FF_NEG
      • SMT-LIB: operators ff.mul, ff.add, and ff.neg
    • The only predicate is equality

cvc5 1.0.3

New Features

  • API: New API function Solver::getVersion(), returns a string representation of the solver version.
  • Support for bit-vector overflow detection operators:
    • BITVECTOR_UADDO unsigned addition overflow detection
    • BITVECTOR_SADDO signed addition overflow detection
    • BITVECTOR_UMULO unsigned multiplication overflow detection
    • BITVECTOR_SMULO signed multiplication overflow detection
    • BITVECTOR_USUBO unsigned subtraction overflow detection
    • BITVECTOR_SSUBO signed subtraction overflow detection
    • BITVECTOR_SDIVO signed division overflow detection
  • Support for Web Assembly compilation using Emscripten.

Changes

  • The (non-standard) operators BITVECTOR_TO_NAT and INT_TO_BITVECTOR now belong to the UF theory. A logic that includes UF is required to use them.
  • The sort for (non-standard) bit-vector operators BITVECTOR_REDAND and BITVECTOR_REDOR is now (_ BitVec 1) (was Boolean), following the definition of reduction operators in Verilog (their origin).
  • Reenable functionality that allows (get-model) commands after answering unknown when :produce-models is set to true. Note that there is no guarantee that building a model succeeds in this case.

cvc5 1.0.2

Changes

  • API: Previously, it was not possible to share Sort, Term, Op, Grammar and datatype objects between Solver instances. This is now allowed for solvers that belong to the same thread.

cvc5 1.0.1

New Features

  • Support for cross-compiling an ARM binary of cvc5 on x86 macOS.
  • Support for declaring oracle functions in the API via the method declareOracleFun. This allows users to declare functions whose semantics are associated with a provided executable implementation.

Changes

  • Removed support for non-standard declare-funs, declare-consts, and declare-sorts commands.
  • The kind for integer constants is now CONST_INTEGER, while real constants continue to have kind CONST_RATIONAL.
  • Type rules for (dis)equality and if-then-else no longer allow mixing integers and reals. Type rules for other operators like APPLY_UF now require their arguments to match the type of the function being applied, and do not assume integer/real subtyping.
  • The API method mkTuple no longer supports casting integers to reals when constructing tuples.

cvc5 1.0

Website: https://cvc5.github.io

Documentation: https://cvc5.github.io/docs

System Description

  • cvc5: A Versatile and Industrial-Strength SMT Solver.
    Barbosa H., Barrett C., Brain M., Kremer G., Lachnitt H., Mann M., Mohamed A., Mohamed M., Niemetz A., Nötzli A., Ozdemir A., Preiner M., Reynolds A., Sheng Y., Tinelli C., and Zohar Y., TACAS 2022.

New Features

  • Streamlined C++ API

  • Two new Python language bindings

  • New Java language bindings

  • Theory of Bags (Multisets)

    • A new theory of bags, which are collections that allow duplicates. It supports basic operators like union disjoint, union max, intersection, difference subtract, difference remove, duplicate removal, and multiplicity of an element in a bag.

  • Theory of Sequences

    • A new parametric theory of sequences whose syntax is compatible with the syntax for sequences used by Z3.
    • A new array-inspired procedure (option --seq-array).

  • Arithmetic

    • Nonlinear real arithmetic is now solved using a new solver based on cylindrical algebraic coverings. Includes full support for non-rational models and a number of options --nl-cov-* for, e.g., different projection operators, Lazard's lifting or variable elimination. The new solver requires the libpoly library, and Lazard's lifting additionally requires CoCoALib.

  • Arrays

    • Added support for an eqrange predicate. (eqrange a b i j) is true if arrays a and b are equal on all indices within indices i and j.

  • Bit-vectors

    • New bit-vector solver with CaDiCaL as default SAT back-end.
    • New approach for solving bit-vectors as integers (option --solve-bv-as-int).

  • Datatypes

    • Support for generic datatype updaters ((_ update s) t u) which replaces the field specified by selector s of t by the value u.

  • Integers

    • Support for an integer operator (_ iand n) that returns the bitwise and of two integers, seen as integers modulo n.
    • Support for an integer operator int.pow2, used as (int.pow2 x) which represents 2 to the power of x.

  • Quantifiers

    • Improved support for enumerative instantiation (option --enum-inst).
    • SyGuS-based quantifier instantiation (option --sygus-inst).

  • Strings

    • Improved performance using new techniques, including model-based reductions, eager context-dependent simplification, and equality-based conflict finding.
    • Support for str.indexof_re(s, r, n), which returns the index of the first occurrence of a regular expression r in a string s after index n or -1 if r does not match a substring after n.

  • Proofs

    • Documentation available at: https://cvc5.github.io/docs/latest/proofs/proofs.html
    • When used after an unsatisfiable response to checkSat, getProof returns a representation of the refutation proof for the current set of assertions (get-proof in SMT-LIB).
    • Preliminary support for translations to external proof formats LFSC and Alethe.

  • Difficulty Estimation

    • The API method getDifficulty returns a map from asserted formulas to integers which estimates how much that formula contributed to the difficulty of the overall problem (get-difficulty in SMT-LIB).

  • Learned Literals

    • The API method getLearnedLiterals gets a list of literals that are entailed by the current set of assertions that were learned during solving (get-learned-literals in SMT-LIB).

  • Abduction and Interpolation

    • The API method getAbduct can be used to find an abduct for the current set of assertions and provided goal (get-abduct in SMT-LIB). Optionally, a SyGuS grammar can be provided to restrict the shape of possible abducts. If using the text inferace, the grammar may be provided using the same syntax for grammars as in SyGuS IF format.
    • The API method getInterpolant can be used to find an interpolant for the current set of assertions and provided goal (get-interpolant in SMT-LIB). Like abduction, grammars may be provided to restrict the shape of interpolants.

  • Support for Incremental Synthesis Queries

    • The core SyGuS solver now supports getting multiple solutions for a synthesis conjecture via the API. The method checkSynthNext finds the next SyGuS solution to the current set of SyGuS constraints (check-synth-next in SyGuS IF).
    • getAbductNext finds the next abduct for the current set of assertions and provided goal (get-abduct-next in SMT-LIB).
    • getInterpolantNext finds the next interpolant for the current set of assertions and provided goal (get-interpolant-next in SMT-LIB).

  • Pool-based Quantifier Instantiation

    • The API method declarePool declares symbol sets of terms called pools (declare-pool in SMT-LIB).
    • Pools can be used in annotations of quantified formulas for fine grained control over quantifier instantiations (:inst-pool, :inst-add-to-pool, :skolem-add-to-pool in SMT-LIB).

  • Diagnostic Outputs

    • The option -o TAG can be used to enable a class of useful diagnostic information, such as the state of the input formula before and after pre-preprocessing, quantifier instantiations, literals learned during solving, among others. For SyGuS problems, it can be used to show candidate solutions and grammars that the solver has generated.

  • Unsat cores

    • Production modes based on the new proof infrastructure (--unsat-cores-mode=sat-proof) and on the solving-under-assumption feature of Minisat (--unsat-cores-mode=assumptions). The mode based on SAT assumptions + preprocessing proofs is the new default.
    • Computing minimal unsat cores (option --minimal-unsat-cores).

  • Blocking Models

    • The API method blockModels can be used to block the current model using various policies for how to exclude the values of terms (block-model in SMT-LIB).
    • The API method blockModelValues can be used to block the current model for a provided set of terms (block-model-values in SMT-LIB).

  • Model Cores

    • The API method isModelCoreSymbol can be used to query whether the value for a symbol was critical to whether the model satisfies the current set of assertions.
    • Models can be limited to show only model core symbols (option --model-cores).

Changes

  • CaDiCaL and SymFPU are now required dependencies. CaDiCaL 1.4.1 is now the version used by default.
  • Options have been extensively refactored, please refer to the cvc5 documentation for further information.
  • Removed support for the CVC language.
  • SyGuS: Removed support for SyGuS-IF 1.0.
  • Removed support for the (non-standard) define command.
  • Removed the legacy API along with the Java and Python bindings for it.
  • Interactive shell: the GPL-licensed Readline library has been replaced the BSD-licensed Editline. Compiling with --best now enables Editline, instead of Readline. Without selecting optional GPL components, Editline-enabled CVC4 builds will be BSD licensed.
  • The competition build type includes the dependencies used for SMT-COMP by default. Note that this makes this build type produce GPL-licensed binaries.
  • Bit-vector operator bvxnor was previously mistakenly marked as left-assoicative in SMT-LIB. This has recently been corrected in SMT-LIB. We now restrict bvxnor to only allow two operands in order to avoid confusion about the semantics, since the behavior of n-ary operands to bvxnor is now undefined in SMT-LIB.
  • SMT-LIB output for get-model command now conforms with the standard, and does not begin with the keyword model. The output is the same as before, only with this word removed from the beginning.
  • Building with Python 2 is now deprecated.
  • The SMT-LIB syntax for some extensions has been changed. Notably, set operators are now prefixed by set., and relations by rel.. For example, union is now written set.union.
  • Removed support for redundant logics ALL_SUPPORTED and QF_ALL_SUPPORTED, use ALL and QF_ALL instead.