[SPARK-47129][CONNECT][SQL][3.4] Make ResolveRelations cache connect plan properly

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?
Make `ResolveRelations` handle plan id properly

cherry-pick bugfix apache#45214 to 3.4

### Why are the changes needed?
bug fix for Spark Connect, it won't affect classic Spark SQL

before this PR:
```
from pyspark.sql import functions as sf

spark.range(10).withColumn("value_1", sf.lit(1)).write.saveAsTable("test_table_1")
spark.range(10).withColumnRenamed("id", "index").withColumn("value_2", sf.lit(2)).write.saveAsTable("test_table_2")

df1 = spark.read.table("test_table_1")
df2 = spark.read.table("test_table_2")
df3 = spark.read.table("test_table_1")

join1 = df1.join(df2, on=df1.id==df2.index).select(df2.index, df2.value_2)
join2 = df3.join(join1, how="left", on=join1.index==df3.id)

join2.schema
```

fails with
```
AnalysisException: [CANNOT_RESOLVE_DATAFRAME_COLUMN] Cannot resolve dataframe column "id". It's probably because of illegal references like `df1.select(df2.col("a"))`. SQLSTATE: 42704
```

That is due to existing plan caching in `ResolveRelations` doesn't work with Spark Connect

```
=== Applying Rule org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.Analyzer$ResolveRelations ===
 '[apache#12]Join LeftOuter, '`==`('index, 'id)                     '[apache#12]Join LeftOuter, '`==`('index, 'id)
!:- '[apache#9]UnresolvedRelation [test_table_1], [], false         :- '[apache#9]SubqueryAlias spark_catalog.default.test_table_1
!+- '[apache#11]Project ['index, 'value_2]                          :  +- 'UnresolvedCatalogRelation `spark_catalog`.`default`.`test_table_1`, [], false
!   +- '[apache#10]Join Inner, '`==`('id, 'index)                   +- '[apache#11]Project ['index, 'value_2]
!      :- '[apache#7]UnresolvedRelation [test_table_1], [], false      +- '[apache#10]Join Inner, '`==`('id, 'index)
!      +- '[apache#8]UnresolvedRelation [test_table_2], [], false         :- '[apache#9]SubqueryAlias spark_catalog.default.test_table_1
!                                                                   :  +- 'UnresolvedCatalogRelation `spark_catalog`.`default`.`test_table_1`, [], false
!                                                                   +- '[apache#8]SubqueryAlias spark_catalog.default.test_table_2
!                                                                      +- 'UnresolvedCatalogRelation `spark_catalog`.`default`.`test_table_2`, [], false

Can not resolve 'id with plan 7
```

`[apache#7]UnresolvedRelation [test_table_1], [], false` was wrongly resolved to the cached one
```
:- '[apache#9]SubqueryAlias spark_catalog.default.test_table_1
   +- 'UnresolvedCatalogRelation `spark_catalog`.`default`.`test_table_1`, [], false
```

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?
yes, bug fix

### How was this patch tested?
added ut

### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?
ci

Closes apache#46290 from zhengruifeng/connect_fix_read_join_34.

Authored-by: Ruifeng Zheng <ruifengz@apache.org>
Signed-off-by: Ruifeng Zheng <ruifengz@apache.org>

Author: zhengruifeng

python/pyspark/sql/tests/test_readwriter.py

@@ -181,6 +181,27 @@ def test_insert_into(self):
             df.write.mode("overwrite").insertInto("test_table", False)
             self.assertEqual(6, self.spark.sql("select * from test_table").count())
 
+    def test_cached_table(self):
+        with self.table("test_cached_table_1"):
+            self.spark.range(10).withColumn(
+                "value_1",
+                lit(1),
+            ).write.saveAsTable("test_cached_table_1")
+
+            with self.table("test_cached_table_2"):
+                self.spark.range(10).withColumnRenamed("id", "index").withColumn(
+                    "value_2", lit(2)
+                ).write.saveAsTable("test_cached_table_2")
+
+                df1 = self.spark.read.table("test_cached_table_1")
+                df2 = self.spark.read.table("test_cached_table_2")
+                df3 = self.spark.read.table("test_cached_table_1")
+
+                join1 = df1.join(df2, on=df1.id == df2.index).select(df2.index, df2.value_2)
+                join2 = df3.join(join1, how="left", on=join1.index == df3.id)
+
+                self.assertEqual(join2.columns, ["id", "value_1", "index", "value_2"])
+
 
 class ReadwriterV2TestsMixin:
     def test_api(self):

sql/catalyst/src/main/scala/org/apache/spark/sql/catalyst/analysis/Analyzer.scala

@@ -1257,16 +1257,29 @@ class Analyzer(override val catalogManager: CatalogManager) extends RuleExecutor
         expandIdentifier(u.multipartIdentifier) match {
           case CatalogAndIdentifier(catalog, ident) =>
             val key = ((catalog.name +: ident.namespace :+ ident.name).toSeq, timeTravelSpec)
-            AnalysisContext.get.relationCache.get(key).map(_.transform {
-              case multi: MultiInstanceRelation =>
-                val newRelation = multi.newInstance()
-                newRelation.copyTagsFrom(multi)
-                newRelation
-            }).orElse {
+            AnalysisContext.get.relationCache.get(key).map { cache =>
+              val cachedRelation = cache.transform {
+                case multi: MultiInstanceRelation =>
+                  val newRelation = multi.newInstance()
+                  newRelation.copyTagsFrom(multi)
+                  newRelation
+              }
+              u.getTagValue(LogicalPlan.PLAN_ID_TAG).map { planId =>
+                val cachedConnectRelation = cachedRelation.clone()
+                cachedConnectRelation.setTagValue(LogicalPlan.PLAN_ID_TAG, planId)
+                cachedConnectRelation
+              }.getOrElse(cachedRelation)
+            }.orElse {
               val table = CatalogV2Util.loadTable(catalog, ident, timeTravelSpec)
               val loaded = createRelation(catalog, ident, table, u.options, u.isStreaming)
               loaded.foreach(AnalysisContext.get.relationCache.update(key, _))
-              loaded
+              u.getTagValue(LogicalPlan.PLAN_ID_TAG).map { planId =>
+                loaded.map { loadedRelation =>
+                  val loadedConnectRelation = loadedRelation.clone()
+                  loadedConnectRelation.setTagValue(LogicalPlan.PLAN_ID_TAG, planId)
+                  loadedConnectRelation
+                }
+              }.getOrElse(loaded)
             }
           case _ => None
         }