Squashed 'tz/' changes from 23a01523a..c5b665d49

765984a93 Release 2019c
11b57d88e Mention RFC 8633 on leap smearing
cd9909a74 * NEWS: Fix typo.
d9adbd9d9 * leapseconds.awk: Fix Y285,428,681 thinko in comment.
b18cb8789 Fix off-by-1 typo in previous change
2882d39f9 Don’t trust leap-seconds.list comments
90f9e605f Two typo fixes to commentary.
3323cc580 * southamerica: Modernize Magallanes comments.
a6f925562 Fix typos in recent ‘europe’ changes
5c5121596 Cite OMA in French as well as Dutch
165c31d6d * europe: Add comment re late-1914 Belgium.
987117d63 Brussels 1892-05-01 transition was at 00:17:30
f2095980c Norfolk 1975-03-02 transition 02:00s not 02:00
5d23eeb54 * europe: Improve PDF URLs with page numbers (thanks to Brian Inglis).
85792e12a * NEWS, europe: Add citations from Kıvanç Yazan.
5aa2e8f93 Many corrections to time in Turkey 1940/1985
2b366d711 Omit Cambodia’s 1947 and 1953 transitions
e97af7392 South Korea observed DST 1948/51
d811c643e Louisville’s 1946-04-28 transition was at 00:01
66229ebf5 * australasia: Add URL for Fiji DST (thanks to Michael Deckers).
a0f09ddd9 Minor tweaks for new leap second section
624b3415e Revamp leap seconds section
526598f4e * theory.html: Add a section on leap seconds.
d2c6b6136 Fix Louisville spring-forward in 1946 and 1950
1050999f9 Norfolk Island starts observing Australian-style DST
03bf34820 Fiji observes DST from 2019-11-10 to 2020-01-12
a57f74b4a Defend against CRLF in leap-seconds.list
a743ee6e1 Defend against trailing CR in leapseconds.list
f90b1fced No leap second on 2019-12-31.
834bbbfb9 Mention IANA Updater, tzdbgen, ZIUpdater
f1d4fd78c Fixes for Kalingrad in 1945/6
d9d89a86f 1946 Vienna ended DST on 10-07, not 10-06
1ea14abad Alberta did not observe DST in 1967 or 1969
7cdb59b81 Fix Vancouver’s 1946 DST end date
e5e04c962 Clarify bool calculation
d8c6bf254 HKWT observed in late 1941 in Hong Kong
b75a7fa2a Remove useless Perry rule
148bde2f5 Fix several pre-1970 transitions in Perry Co, IN
5bcfa5764 Detroit observed DST in 1967/8
c92e227bc Mention Nashville’s time-of-day duel in the 1950s
86c090a08 More improvement of UT1 description
fc4ef466a Liechtenstein observed Swiss DST in 1941/2
85e993423 Characterize UT1 more accurately
95ddb248a Cite Rec. ITU-R TF.460-6 for leap seconds
3ea88ba2d * europe: Fix two misspellings.
2b1cc4073 * europe: Add note about Rome’s spring 1944 change (thanks to Alois Treindl).

git-subtree-dir: tz
git-subtree-split: c5b665d4975312129304391ac416fdb99ef07988

Author: Stuart Bishop

NEWS

@@ -1,5 +1,80 @@
 News for the tz database
 
+Release 2019c - 2019-09-11 08:59:48 -0700
+
+  Briefly:
+    Fiji observes DST from 2019-11-10 to 2020-01-12.
+    Norfolk Island starts observing Australian-style DST.
+
+  Changes to future timestamps
+
+    Fiji's next DST transitions will be 2019-11-10 and 2020-01-12
+    instead of 2019-11-03 and 2020-01-19.  (Thanks to Raymond Kumar.)
+    Adjust future guesses accordingly.
+
+    Norfolk Island will observe Australian-style DST starting in
+    spring 2019.  The first transition is on 2019-10-06.  (Thanks to
+    Kyle Czech and Michael Deckers.)
+
+  Changes to past timestamps
+
+    Many corrections to time in Turkey from 1940 through 1985.
+    (Thanks to Oya Vulaş via Alois Treindl, and to Kıvanç Yazan.)
+
+    The Norfolk Island 1975-03-02 transition was at 02:00 standard
+    time, not 02:00 DST.  (Thanks to Michael Deckers.)
+
+    South Korea observed DST from 1948 through 1951.  Although this
+    info was supposed to appear in release 2014j, a typo inadvertently
+    suppressed the change.  (Thanks to Alois Treindl.)
+
+    Detroit observed DST in 1967 and 1968 following the US DST rules,
+    except that its 1967 DST began on June 14 at 00:01.  (Thanks to
+    Alois Treindl for pointing out that the old data entries were
+    probably wrong.)
+
+    Fix several errors in pre-1970 transitions in Perry County, IN.
+    (Thanks to Alois Triendl for pointing out the 1967/9 errors.)
+
+    Edmonton did not observe DST in 1967 or 1969.  In 1946 Vancouver
+    ended DST on 09-29 not 10-13, and Vienna ended DST on 10-07 not
+    10-06.  In 1945 Königsberg (now Kaliningrad) switched from +01/+02
+    to +02/+03 on 04-10 not 01-01, and its +02/+03 is abbreviated
+    EET/EEST, not CET/CEST.  (Thanks to Alois Triendl.)  In 1946
+    Königsberg switched to +03 on 04-07 not 01-01.
+
+    In 1946 Louisville switched from CST to CDT on 04-28 at 00:01, not
+    01-01 at 00:00.  (Thanks to Alois Treindl and Michael Deckers.)
+    Also, it switched from CST to CDT on 1950-04-30, not 1947-04-27.
+
+    The 1892-05-01 transition in Brussels was at 00:17:30, not at noon.
+    (Thanks to Michael Deckers.)
+
+  Changes to past time zone abbreviations and DST flags
+
+    Hong Kong Winter Time, observed from 1941-10-01 to 1941-12-25,
+    is now flagged as DST and is abbreviated HKWT not HKT.
+
+  Changes to code
+
+    leapseconds.awk now relies only on its input data, rather than
+    also relying on its comments.  (Inspired by code from Dennis
+    Ferguson and Chris Woodbury.)
+
+    The code now defends against CRLFs in leap-seconds.list.
+    (Thanks to Brian Inglis and Chris Woodbury.)
+
+  Changes to documentation and commentary
+
+    theory.html discusses leap seconds.  (Thanks to Steve Summit.)
+
+    Nashville's newspapers dueled about the time of day in the 1950s.
+    (Thanks to John Seigenthaler.)
+
+    Liechtenstein observed Swiss DST in 1941/2.
+    (Thanks to Alois Treindl.)
+
+
 Release 2019b - 2019-07-01 00:09:53 -0700
 
   Briefly:

asia

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-06-19):
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11):
 #
 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
@@ -47,13 +47,13 @@
 #	7:00 WIB	west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
 #	8:00 WITA	central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
 #	8:00 CST	China
-#	8:00 PST  PDT*	Philippine Standard Time
+#	8:00 HKT  HKST	Hong Kong (HKWT* for Winter Time in late 1941)
+#	8:00 PST  PDT*	Philippines
 #	8:30 KST  KDT	Korea when at +0830
 #	9:00 WIT	east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
 #	9:00 JST  JDT	Japan
 #	9:00 KST  KDT	Korea when at +09
-#	9:30 ACST	Australian Central Standard Time
-# *I invented the abbreviation PDT; see "Philippines" below.
+# *I invented the abbreviations HKWT and PDT; see below.
 # Otherwise, these tables typically use numeric abbreviations like +03
 # and +0330 for integer hour and minute UT offsets.  Although earlier
 # editions invented alphabetic time zone abbreviations for every
@@ -653,6 +653,15 @@ Zone	Asia/Urumqi	5:50:20	-	LMT	1928
 # * 1941-09-30, Hong Kong Daily Press, Winter Time Warning.
 #   https://i.imgur.com/dge4kFJ.png
 
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-07-11):
+# "Hong Kong winter time" is considered to be daylight saving.
+# "Hong Kong had adopted daylight saving on June 15 as a wartime measure,
+# clocks moving forward one hour until October 1, when they would be put back
+# by just half an hour for 'Hong Kong Winter time', so that daylight saving
+# operated year round." -- Low Z. The longest day: when wartime Hong Kong
+# introduced daylight saving. South China Morning Post. 2019-06-28.
+# https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/3016281/longest-day-when-wartime-hong-kong-introduced
+
 # From P Chan (2018-12-31):
 # * According to the Hong Kong Daylight-Saving Regulations, 1941, the
 #   1941 spring-forward transition was at 03:00.
@@ -754,7 +763,7 @@ Rule	HK	1979	only	-	Oct	21	3:30	0	-
 Zone	Asia/Hong_Kong	7:36:42 -	LMT	1904 Oct 30  0:36:42
 			8:00	-	HKT	1941 Jun 15  3:00
 			8:00	1:00	HKST	1941 Oct  1  4:00
-			8:30	-	HKT	1941 Dec 25
+			8:00	0:30	HKWT	1941 Dec 25
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Nov 18  2:00
 			8:00	HK	HK%sT
 
@@ -2419,7 +2428,7 @@ Rule	ROK	1987	1988	-	Oct	Sun>=8	 3:00	0	S
 Zone	Asia/Seoul	8:27:52	-	LMT	1908 Apr  1
 			8:30	-	KST	1912 Jan  1
 			9:00	-	JST	1945 Sep  8
-			9:00	-	KST	1954 Mar 21
+			9:00	ROK	K%sT	1954 Mar 21
 			8:30	ROK	K%sT	1961 Aug 10
 			9:00	ROK	K%sT
 Zone	Asia/Pyongyang	8:23:00 -	LMT	1908 Apr  1
@@ -3604,7 +3613,7 @@ Zone	Asia/Tashkent	4:37:11 -	LMT	1924 May  2
 # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
 # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
 # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
-# To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
+# To 09:00 on 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.

australasia

@@ -367,13 +367,18 @@ Zone	Indian/Cocos	6:27:40	-	LMT	1900
 # From Raymond Kumar (2018-07-13):
 # http://www.fijitimes.com/government-approves-2018-daylight-saving/
 # ... The daylight saving period will end at 3am on Sunday January 13, 2019.
-#
-# From Paul Eggert (2018-07-15):
-# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 03:00
-# the first Sunday on or after January 13.  January transitions reportedly
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-06):
+# Today Raymond Kumar reported the Government of Fiji Gazette Supplement No. 27
+# (2019-08-02) said that Fiji observes DST "commencing at 2.00 am on
+# Sunday, 10 November 2019 and ending at 3.00 am on Sunday, 12 January 2020."
+# For now, guess DST from 02:00 the second Sunday in November to 03:00
+# the first Sunday on or after January 12.  January transitions reportedly
 # depend on when school terms start.  Although the guess is ad hoc, it matches
-# transitions since late 2014 and seems more likely to match future
-# practice than guessing no DST.
+# transitions planned this year and seems more likely to match future practice
+# than guessing no DST.
+# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-06):
+# https://www.laws.gov.fj/LawsAsMade/downloadfile/848
 
 # Rule	NAME	FROM	TO	TYPE	IN	ON	AT	SAVE	LETTER/S
 Rule	Fiji	1998	1999	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	-
@@ -384,8 +389,9 @@ Rule	Fiji	2010	2013	-	Oct	Sun>=21	2:00	1:00	-
 Rule	Fiji	2011	only	-	Mar	Sun>=1	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Fiji	2012	2013	-	Jan	Sun>=18	3:00	0	-
 Rule	Fiji	2014	only	-	Jan	Sun>=18	2:00	0	-
-Rule	Fiji	2014	max	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	-
-Rule	Fiji	2015	max	-	Jan	Sun>=13	3:00	0	-
+Rule	Fiji	2014	2018	-	Nov	Sun>=1	2:00	1:00	-
+Rule	Fiji	2015	max	-	Jan	Sun>=12	3:00	0	-
+Rule	Fiji	2019	max	-	Nov	Sun>=8	2:00	1:00	-
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Fiji	11:55:44 -	LMT	1915 Oct 26 # Suva
 			12:00	Fiji	+12/+13
@@ -604,10 +610,11 @@ Zone	Pacific/Niue	-11:19:40 -	LMT	1901        # Alofi
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
 Zone	Pacific/Norfolk	11:11:52 -	LMT	1901 # Kingston
 			11:12	-	+1112	1951
-			11:30	-	+1130	1974 Oct 27 02:00
-			11:30	1:00	+1230	1975 Mar  2 02:00
-			11:30	-	+1130	2015 Oct  4 02:00
-			11:00	-	+11
+			11:30	-	+1130	1974 Oct 27 02:00s
+			11:30	1:00	+1230	1975 Mar  2 02:00s
+			11:30	-	+1130	2015 Oct  4 02:00s
+			11:00	-	+11	2019 Jul
+			11:00	AN	+11/+12
 
 # Palau (Belau)
 # Zone	NAME		STDOFF	RULES	FORMAT	[UNTIL]
@@ -1875,12 +1882,21 @@ Zone	Pacific/Wallis	12:15:20 -	LMT	1901
 # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015.
 # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf
 
-# From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-28):
 # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted
 # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's
 # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST
 # other than in 1974/5.  See:
 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html
+# However, disagree with timeanddate about the 1975-03-02 transition;
+# timeanddate has 02:00 but 02:00s corresponds to what the NSW law said
+# (thanks to Michael Deckers).
+
+# Norfolk started observing Australian DST in spring 2019.
+# From Kyle Czech (2019-08-13):
+# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2018L01702
+# From Michael Deckers (2019-08-14):
+# https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/F2019C00010
 
 # Palau
 # See commentary for Micronesia.

backzone

@@ -507,19 +507,35 @@ Zone	Asia/Muscat	3:54:24 -	LMT	1920
 #Zone	Asia/Panaji	[not enough info to complete]
 
 # Cambodia
-# From Paul Eggert (2014-10-11):
-# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of this data.  Also, guess
-# (1) Cambodia reverted to UT +07 on 1945-09-02, when Vietnam did, and
-# (2) they also reverted to +07 on 1953-11-09, the date of independence.
-# These guesses are probably wrong but they're better than guessing no
-# transitions there.
+
+# From an adoptive daughter of the late Cambodian ruler Prince Sihanouk,
+# via Alois Treindl (2019-08-08):
+#
+# King Sihanouk said that, during the Japanese occupation, starting with
+# what historians refer to as "le coup de force du 9 mars 1945", Cambodia,
+# like the entire French Indochina, used Tokyo time zone. After Japan
+# surrendered, 2 September 1945, Cambodia fell under French rule again and
+# adopted Hanoi time zone again.
+#
+# However, on 7 January 1946, Sihanouk and Tioulong managed to obtain a
+# status of "internal autonomy" from the government of Charles de Gaulle.
+# Although many fields remained under the administration of the French
+# (customs, taxes, justice, defence, foreign affairs, etc.), the Cambodian
+# administration was responsible for religious matters and traditional
+# celebrations, which included our calendar and time.  The time zone was GMT
+# + 7 and _no_ DST was applied.
+#
+# After Sihanouk and Tioulong achieved full independence, on 9 November 1953,
+# GMT + 7 was maintained.
+
+# From Paul Eggert (2019-08-26):
+# See Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh for the source for most of rest of this data.
+
 Zone	Asia/Phnom_Penh	6:59:40 -	LMT	1906 Jul  1
 			7:06:30	-	PLMT	1911 May  1
 			7:00	-	+07	1942 Dec 31 23:00
 			8:00	-	+08	1945 Mar 14 23:00
 			9:00	-	+09	1945 Sep  2
-			7:00	-	+07	1947 Apr  1
-			8:00	-	+08	1953 Nov  9
 			7:00	-	+07
 
 # Israel
@@ -646,7 +662,7 @@ Zone	Europe/Tiraspol	1:58:32	-	LMT	1880
 
 # Liechtenstein
 Zone	Europe/Vaduz	0:38:04 -	LMT	1894 Jun
-			1:00	-	CET	1981
+			1:00	Swiss	CE%sT	1981
 			1:00	EU	CE%sT
 
 # Croatia