You can write a simple test.c
as the first sample.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
char *buf;
printf("Hello world!\n");
buf = malloc(1024);
if (!buf) {
printf("malloc buf failed\n");
return -1;
}
printf("buf ptr: %p\n", buf);
sprintf(buf, "%s", "1234\n");
printf("buf: %s", buf);
free(buf);
return 0;
}
There are several methods to build a WASM binary. They are the clang compiler, Docker, Emscripten and so on.
The recommended method to build a WASM binary is to use clang compiler clang-8
. You can refer to apt.llvm.org for the detailed instructions. Here are referenced steps to install clang-8 in Ubuntu 16.04 and Ubuntu 18.04.
(1) Add source to your system source list from llvm website
For Ubuntu 16.04, add the following lines to /etc/apt/sources.list:
deb http://apt.llvm.org/xenial/ llvm-toolchain-xenial main
deb-src http://apt.llvm.org/xenial/ llvm-toolchain-xenial main
# 8
deb http://apt.llvm.org/xenial/ llvm-toolchain-xenial-8 main
deb-src http://apt.llvm.org/xenial/ llvm-toolchain-xenial-8 main
# 9
deb http://apt.llvm.org/xenial/ llvm-toolchain-xenial-9 main
deb-src http://apt.llvm.org/xenial/ llvm-toolchain-xenial-9 main
For Ubuntu 18.04, add the following lines to /etc/apt/sources.list:
# i386 not available
deb http://apt.llvm.org/bionic/ llvm-toolchain-bionic main
deb-src http://apt.llvm.org/bionic/ llvm-toolchain-bionic main
# 8
deb http://apt.llvm.org/bionic/ llvm-toolchain-bionic-8 main
deb-src http://apt.llvm.org/bionic/ llvm-toolchain-bionic-8 main
# 9
deb http://apt.llvm.org/bionic/ llvm-toolchain-bionic-9 main
deb-src http://apt.llvm.org/bionic/ llvm-toolchain-bionic-9 main
(2) Download and install clang-8 tool-chain using following commands:
sudo wget -O - https://apt.llvm.org/llvm-snapshot.gpg.key|sudo apt-key add -
# Fingerprint: 6084 F3CF 814B 57C1 CF12 EFD5 15CF 4D18 AF4F 7421
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install llvm-8 lld-8 clang-8
(3) Create a soft link under /usr/bin:
cd /usr/bin
sudo ln -s wasm-ld-8 wasm-ld
(4) Use the clang-8 command below to build the WASM C source code into the WASM binary.
clang-8 --target=wasm32 -O3 \
-z stack-size=4096 -Wl,--initial-memory=65536 \
-Wl,--allow-undefined,--export=main \
-Wl,--strip-all,--no-entry -nostdlib \
-o test.wasm test.c
You will get test.wasm
which is the WASM app binary.
If you have a cmake project, you can cross compile your project by using the toolchain provided by WAMR, the compiler used by WAMR toolchain is clang-8
.
We can generate a CMakeLists.txt
file for test.c
:
cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 3.5)
project(hello_world)
add_executable(hello_world test.c)
It is quite simple to build this project by cmake:
mkdir build && cd build
cmake .. -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$WAMR_ROOT/test-tools/toolchain/wamr_toolchain.cmake
make
You will get hello_world
which is the WASM app binary.
For more details about wamr toolchain, please refer to test-tools/toolchain.
To build a wasm application with wasi support, wasi-sdk is required. Download the wasi-sdk and extract the archive, then you can use it to build your application:
/path/to/wasi-sdk/bin/clang test.c -o test.wasm
You will get test.wasm
which is the WASM app binary.
Another method availble is using Docker. We assume you've already configured Docker (see Platform section above) and have a running interactive shell. Currently the Dockerfile only supports compiling apps with clang, with Emscripten planned for the future.
Use the clang-8 command below to build the WASM C source code into the WASM binary.
clang-8 --target=wasm32 -O3 \
-z stack-size=4096 -Wl,--initial-memory=65536 \
-Wl,--allow-undefined,--export=main \
-Wl,--strip-all,--no-entry -nostdlib \
-o test.wasm test.c
You will get test.wasm
which is the WASM app binary.
The last method to build a WASM binary is to use Emscripten tool emcc
.
Assuming you are using Linux, you may install emcc from Emscripten EMSDK following the steps below:
git clone https://github.com/emscripten-core/emsdk.git
cd emsdk
./emsdk install latest-fastcomp
./emsdk activate latest-fastcomp
The Emscripten website provides other installation methods beyond Linux.
Use the emcc command below to build the WASM C source code into the WASM binary.
cd emsdk
source emsdk_env.sh (or add it to ~/.bashrc if you don't want to run it each time)
cd <dir of test.c>
EMCC_ONLY_FORCED_STDLIBS=1 emcc -g -O3 -s WASM=1 -s ERROR_ON_UNDEFINED_SYMBOLS=0 \
-s TOTAL_MEMORY=65536 -s TOTAL_STACK=4096 \
-s ASSERTIONS=1 -s STACK_OVERFLOW_CHECK=2 \
-s "EXPORTED_FUNCTIONS=['_main']" -o test.wasm test.c
You will get test.wasm
which is the WASM app binary.
Assume you are using Linux, the command to run the test.wasm is:
cd iwasm/products/linux/build
./iwasm test.wasm
You will get the following output:
Hello world!
buf ptr: 0x400002b0
buf: 1234
If you would like to run the test app on Zephyr, we have embedded a test sample into its OS image. You will need to execute:
ninja run