stests.yaml

-
  name: Aux chain
  required_empty: true
  expr: "_ <aux|<aux:pass|<cop (_ <aux|<aux:pass|<cop _)"
  desc: Auxiliary dependencies should not form a chain.
  pos_ex: "Do you think that he will have left when we come ?\naux(think, Do)\naux(left, will)\naux(left, have)"
  neg_ex: "Do you think that he will have left when we come ?\naux(think, Do)\naux(have, will)\naux(left, have)"
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/aux_.html

-
  name: Flat is right-headed
  required_empty: true
  expr: _ <flat@R _
  desc: Flat relations should be left-headed, not right.
  pos_ex: "Carl XVI Gustaf\nflat(Carl, XVI)\nflat(Carl, Gustaf)"
  neg_ex: "Carl XVI Gustaf\nflat(Gustaf, XVI)\nflat(Gustaf, Carl)"
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/flat.html

-
  name: Fixed is right-headed
  required_empty: true
  expr: _ <fixed@R _
  desc: Fixed expressions should be left-headed, not right.
  pos_ex: "He cried because of you\nfixed(because, of)"
  neg_ex: "He cried because of you\nfixed(of, because)"
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/fixed.html

-
  name: Fixed chain
  required_empty: true
  expr: "_ <fixed (_ <fixed _)"
  desc: Fixed dependencies should not be chained. All dependents should be attached directly to the first one.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/fixed.html

-
  name: Conj is right-headed
  required_empty: true
  expr: _ <conj@R _
  pos_ex: "Bill is big and honest\nconj(big, honest)"
  neg_ex: "Bill is big and honest\nconj(honest, big)"
  desc: Coordination dependencies should be left-headed, not right.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/conj.html

#-
#  name: Conj is left-headed
#  required_empty: true
#  expr: _ <conj@L _
#  desc: <b>DEBUGGING TEST. NONZERO HITS DOES NOT MEAN THE DATA IS INVALID.</b> In contrast, this test shows examples where coordination is left-headed.
#  link: http://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/conj.html

-
  name: Appos is right-headed
  required_empty: true
  expr: _ <appos@R _
  pos_ex: "Sam , my brother , arrived\nappos(Sam, brother)"
  neg_ex: "Sam , my brother , arrived\nappos(brother, Sam)"
  desc: Apposition dependencies should be left-headed, not right.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/appos.html

#-
#  name: Non-passive subject with passive auxiliary
#  required_empty: true
#  expr: "_ >nsubj|>csubj _ >aux:pass|>expl:pass _"
#  desc: A passive auxiliary implies that the subject is passive, too.
#  pos_ex: "The reconstruction was finished yesterday .\nnsubj:pass(finished, reconstruction)\naux:pass(finished, was)"
#  neg_ex: "The reconstruction was finished yesterday .\nnsubj(finished, reconstruction)\naux:pass(finished, was)"
#  link: http://universaldependencies.org/docs/u/dep/nsubj-pass.html

-
  name: Copula is not AUX
  required_empty: true
  expr: (!(AUX|PRON)) <cop _
  expr-pos: _ <cop _
  desc: Verbal copulas should be tagged AUX, not VERB. Pronouns can also serve as copulas. Punctuation (dashes) and nouns are not copulas.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/docs/u/dep/cop.html

-
  name: PRON or DET is mark
  required_empty: true
  expr: (PRON|DET) <mark _
  desc: Pronouns must not be attached using the mark relation. Relative pronouns must not be confused with subordinating conjunctions, even if the word is ambiguous.
  pos_ex: "This is a fact that we cannot ignore . You know that we cannot ignore it .\ndobj(ignore-8, that-5)\nmark(ignore-15, that-12)"
  neg_ex: "This is a fact that we cannot ignore .\nmark(ignore-8, that-5)"
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/docs/u/dep/mark.html

-
  name: Relation det is used for node that is neither DET nor PRON
  required_empty: true
  expr: "(!DET&!PRON) <det _"
  desc: The det relation is primarily intended for determiners, i.e. words tagged DET. Pronouns are tolerated at least until the borderline between the two classes is better investigated and defined.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/docs/u/dep/det.html

-
  name: Relation punct is used for node that is not PUNCT
  required_empty: true
  expr: "!PUNCT <punct _"
  desc: Only nodes tagged PUNCT can be attached using the punct relation.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/punct.html

-
  name: PUNCT is attached as neither punct nor root
  required_empty: true
  expr: "PUNCT (<!punct&<!root) _"
  desc: Nodes tagged PUNCT can only be attached using the punct relation (and exceptionally, if it is the only node in the sentence, also root).
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/punct.html

-
  name: PRON or DET lacks the PronType feature
  expr: "(PRON|DET)&!PronType"
  desc: All pronouns and determiners should be further categorized using the PronType feature. Other POS may or may not have this feature.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/docs/u/feat/PronType.html

-
  name: NUM lacks the NumType feature
  expr: "NUM&!NumType"
  desc: All numerals should be further categorized using the NumType feature. Other POS may or may not have this feature.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/docs/u/feat/NumType.html

-
  name: VERB lacks the VerbForm feature
  expr: "(VERB)&!VerbForm"
  desc: All verbs should be further categorized using the VerbForm feature. Other POS may or may not have this feature. (Note that AUX may include non-verbs, thus we cannot generally extend this test to auxiliaries.)
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/docs/u/feat/VerbForm.html

-
  name: Finite verb is not a verb
  required_empty: true
  expr: "(VerbForm=Fin)&!(VERB|AUX)"
  desc: Only non-finite VerbForms are expected to appear with non-verb parts of speech (NOUN, ADJ, ADV).
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/docs/u/feat/VerbForm.html

-
  name: Finite verb lacks the Mood feature
  required_empty: true
  expr: "(VerbForm=Fin)&!Mood"
  desc: All finite verb forms should be further categorized using the Mood feature.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/docs/u/feat/Mood.html

-
  name: Degree feature used with a word that is neither adjective nor adverb
  required_empty: true
  expr: "Degree&!ADJ&!ADV"
  desc: The Degree feature is normally associated with (a subset of) adjectives and adverbs. Other tags than ADJ and ADV are probably wrong.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/u/feat/Degree.html

-
  name: Maximum one subject
  expr: "_ >nsubj|>csubj|>nsubj:pass|>csubj:pass _ >nsubj|>csubj|>nsubj:pass|>csubj:pass _"
  desc: <b>DEBUGGING TEST. NONZERO HITS DOES NOT MEAN THE DATA IS INVALID.</b> No predicate can have more than one subject. Note that subordinate clauses do not head copulas for this reason.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/nsubj.html

-
  name: Maximum one object
  expr: "_ >obj|>ccomp _ >obj|>ccomp _"
  desc: <b>DEBUGGING TEST. NONZERO HITS DOES NOT MEAN THE DATA IS INVALID.</b> No predicate can have more than one direct object. Ccomp counts as direct object. (To certain extent xcomp does too, but dobj can co-occur with xcomp in cases of secondary predication, thus this test does not look at xcomp.)
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/obj.html

-
  name: NOUN and case
  expr: NOUN <case _
  expr-pos: _ <case _
  desc: <b>DEBUGGING TEST. NONZERO HITS DOES NOT MEAN THE DATA IS INVALID.</b> A word marked as a NOUN should not be a case dependency.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/docs/u/dep/case.html

-
  name: ADP is not leaf
  expr: "ADP >!conj&>!cc&>!punct&>!fixed _"
  desc: <b>DEBUGGING TEST. NONZERO HITS DOES NOT MEAN THE DATA IS INVALID.</b> By default adposition is a leaf node attached to a nominal as case. Exceptions where adpositions are not leaves involve technical relations such as mwe and conj.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/docs/u/dep/case.html

-
  name: Appos chain
  required_empty: true
  expr: "_ <appos (_ <appos _)"
  pos_ex: "Sam , my brother , John 's cousin , arrived\nappos(Sam, brother)\nappos(Sam, cousin)"
  neg_ex: "Sam , my brother , John 's cousin , arrived\nappos(Sam, brother)\nappos(brother, cousin)"
  desc: <b>DEBUGGING TEST. NONZERO HITS DOES NOT MEAN THE DATA IS INVALID.</b> Apposition dependencies should not be chained. Multiple appositions should all be attached to the head, or they should be coordinated (with the first apposition as the head). Legitimate exceptions do occur, however, in the rare case when an apposition has an apposition of its own, which does not apply to head of the first apposition.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/appos.html

-
  name: Relation advmod used for node that is not ADV
  expr: "(!ADV) <advmod _"
  desc: <b>DEBUGGING TEST. NONZERO HITS DOES NOT MEAN THE DATA IS INVALID.</b> Advmod is intended only for adverbs. Modifiers that are called adverbial in some traditional grammars, but are in fact prepositional or noun phrases, should be attached as nmod.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/docs/u/dep/advmod.html

-
  name: Heads of an advmod are nominal
  expr: "_ <advmod (NOUN|PROPN|NUM|PRON)"
  desc: "<b>DEBUGGING TEST. NONZERO HITS DOES NOT MEAN THE DATA IS INVALID.</b> The heads of an adverbial modifier should normally not be nominal (noun, proper noun, numeral, or pronoun). Exceptions occur in nominal clauses, where a nominal is the main predicate and can therefore take clause adverbials. Example: This is probably an exception."
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/docs/u/dep/advmod.html

-
  name: Acl not dependent on NOUN/PROPN/PRON/DET
  expr: "!NOUN&!PROPN&!PRON&!DET >acl _"
  expr-pos: _ >acl _
  desc: <b>DEBUGGING TEST. NONZERO HITS DOES NOT MEAN THE DATA IS INVALID.</b> Clausal modifiers of nouns should depend on NOUN/PROPN only; those in the following table depend on other parts of speech.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/acl.html

-
  name: Marked as NUM but not nummod, nmod or compound
  expr: "NUM (<!nummod&<!nmod&<!compound) _"
  expr-pos: "_ (<!nummod&<!nmod&<!compound) _"
  desc: "<b>DEBUGGING TEST. NONZERO HITS DOES NOT MEAN THE DATA IS INVALID.</b> If a word is marked as a numeral (POS), then it should be marked as being a nummod, compound or nmod dependency. Exceptions occur when the numeral is promoted to a higher function through ellipis. Example: Take five!"
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/docs/u/pos/NUM.html

-
  name: Marked as nummod but not NUM
  expr: "!NUM <nummod _"
  expr-pos: _ <nummod _
  desc: <b>DEBUGGING TEST. NONZERO HITS DOES NOT MEAN THE DATA IS INVALID.</b> If a word is marked as a numeric modifier, it should be marked as a numeral (POS).
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/docs/u/dep/nummod.html

-
  name: Marked as AUX but not aux or aux:pass
  expr: "AUX (<!aux&<!aux:pass) _"
  expr-pos: "_ (<!aux&<!aux:pass) _"
  desc: <b>DEBUGGING TEST. NONZERO HITS DOES NOT MEAN THE DATA IS INVALID.</b> If a word is marked as the auxiliary POS, it should be marked as either aux or aux:pass dependency.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/docs/u/pos/AUX_.html

-
  name: Marked as aux or aux:pass but not AUX
  expr: "!AUX (<aux|<aux:pass) _"
  expr-pos: _ (<aux|<aux:pass) _
  desc: <b>DEBUGGING TEST. NONZERO HITS DOES NOT MEAN THE DATA IS INVALID.</b> If a word is marked as a (passive) auxiliary dependency, it should be marked as the auxiliary POS.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/docs/u/dep/aux_.html

-
  name: Marked as cc but not CCONJ, SYM or ADV
  expr: "(!CCONJ&!SYM&!ADV) <cc _"
  desc: <b>DEBUGGING TEST. NONZERO HITS DOES NOT MEAN THE DATA IS INVALID.</b> The relation cc is for coordinating conjunctions, hence the most expected POS tag is CCONJ. Symbols such as + may occasionally replace conjunctions, and in some languages some adverbs may take this syntactic function too. However, most other tags are suspicious at least.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/docs/u/dep/cc.html

-
  name: Cc is not leaf
  expr: _ < (_ <cc _)
  desc: <b>DEBUGGING TEST. NONZERO HITS DOES NOT MEAN THE DATA IS INVALID.</b> Coordinating conjunction should be attached to the first conjunct and it should not have its own dependents.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/docs/u/dep/cc.html

-
  name: Parts of speech of expl
  expr: _ <expl _
  desc: <b>DEBUGGING TEST. NONZERO HITS DOES NOT MEAN THE DATA IS INVALID.</b> The parts of speech of words marked as being expletive dependencies.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/expl.html

-
  name: Dependents of expl
  expr: _ < (_ <expl _)
  desc: <b>DEBUGGING TEST. NONZERO HITS DOES NOT MEAN THE DATA IS INVALID.</b> The dependents of a word marked as being an expletive dependency. This should be empty.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/expl.html

-
  name: Heads of expl
  expr: _ >expl _
  desc: <b>DEBUGGING TEST. NONZERO HITS DOES NOT MEAN THE DATA IS INVALID.</b> Parts of speech of words which have an expletive dependency.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/expl.html

-
  name: Heads of xcomp
  expr: _ >xcomp _
  desc: <b>DEBUGGING TEST. NONZERO HITS DOES NOT MEAN THE DATA IS INVALID.</b> Parts of speech of words which have an open clausal complement dependency.
  link: http://universaldependencies.org/u/dep/xcomp.html