psych10-book.bib

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@article{Sullivan:2012ta,
	author = {Sullivan, Gail M and Feinn, Richard},
	date-added = {2021-04-21 08:28:03 -0700},
	date-modified = {2021-04-21 08:28:15 -0700},
	doi = {10.4300/JGME-D-12-00156.1},
	journal = {J Grad Med Educ},
	journal-full = {Journal of graduate medical education},
	month = {Sep},
	number = {3},
	pages = {279-82},
	pmc = {PMC3444174},
	pmid = {23997866},
	pst = {ppublish},
	title = {Using Effect Size-or Why the P Value Is Not Enough},
	volume = {4},
	year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-12-00156.1}}

@article{scho:ioan:2013,
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nutritional epidemiology is a highly prolific field. Debates on associations of nutrients with disease risk are common in the literature and attract attention in public media.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to examine the conclusions, statistical significance, and reproducibility in the literature on associations between specific foods and cancer risk.
DESIGN: We selected 50 common ingredients from random recipes in a cookbook. PubMed queries identified recent studies that evaluated the relation of each ingredient to cancer risk. Information regarding author conclusions and relevant effect estimates were extracted. When >10 articles were found, we focused on the 10 most recent articles.
RESULTS: Forty ingredients (80%) had articles reporting on their cancer risk. Of 264 single-study assessments, 191 (72%) concluded that the tested food was associated with an increased (n = 103) or a decreased (n = 88) risk; 75% of the risk estimates had weak (0.05 > P ≥ 0.001) or no statistical (P > 0.05) significance. Statistically significant results were more likely than nonsignificant findings to be published in the study abstract than in only the full text (P < 0.0001). Meta-analyses (n = 36) presented more conservative results; only 13 (26%) reported an increased (n = 4) or a decreased (n = 9) risk (6 had more than weak statistical support). The median RRs (IQRs) for studies that concluded an increased or a decreased risk were 2.20 (1.60, 3.44) and 0.52 (0.39, 0.66), respectively. The RRs from the meta-analyses were on average null (median: 0.96; IQR: 0.85, 1.10).
CONCLUSIONS: Associations with cancer risk or benefits have been claimed for most food ingredients. Many single studies highlight implausibly large effects, even though evidence is weak. Effect sizes shrink in meta-analyses.},
	author = {Schoenfeld, Jonathan D and Ioannidis, John P A},
	date-added = {2019-11-23 13:07:47 -0800},
	date-modified = {2019-11-23 13:07:47 -0800},
	doi = {10.3945/ajcn.112.047142},
	journal = {Am J Clin Nutr},
	journal-full = {The American journal of clinical nutrition},
	mesh = {Cookbooks as Topic; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Food; Humans; Neoplasms; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Factors},
	month = {Jan},
	number = {1},
	pages = {127-34},
	pmid = {23193004},
	pst = {ppublish},
	title = {Is everything we eat associated with cancer? A systematic cookbook review},
	volume = {97},
	year = {2013},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.047142}}

@article{sche:gent:2001,
	abstract = {To judge whether the difference between two point estimates is statistically significant, data analysts often examine the overlap between the two associated confidence intervals. We compare this technique to the standard method of testing significance under the common assumptions of consistency, asymptotic normality, and asymptotic independence of the estimates. Rejection of the null hypothesis by the method of examining overlap implies rejection by the standard method, whereas failure to reject by the method of examining overlap does not imply failure to reject by the standard method. As a consequence, the method of examining overlap is more conservative (i.e., rejects the null hypothesis less often) than the standard method when the null hypothesis is true, and it mistakenly fails to reject the null hypothesis more frequently than does the standard method when the null hypothesis is false. Although the method of examining overlap is simple and especially convenient when lists or graphs of confidence intervals have been presented, we conclude that it should not be used for formal significance testing unless the data analyst is aware of its deficiencies and unless the information needed to carry out a more appropriate procedure is unavailable.},
	author = {Nathaniel Schenker and Jane F. Gentleman},
	date-added = {2018-11-22 08:20:25 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-22 08:20:29 -0800},
	issn = {00031305},
	journal = {The American Statistician},
	number = {3},
	pages = {182--186},
	publisher = {[American Statistical Association, Taylor & Francis, Ltd.]},
	title = {On Judging the Significance of Differences by Examining the Overlap Between Confidence Intervals},
	url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2685796},
	volume = {55},
	year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2685796}}

@article{payt:gree:sche:2003,
	abstract = {We investigate the procedure of checking for overlap between confidence intervals or standard error intervals to draw conclusions regarding hypotheses about differences between population parameters. Mathematical expressions and algebraic manipulations are given, and computer simulations are performed to assess the usefulness of confidence and standard error intervals in this manner. We make recommendations for their use in situations in which standard tests of hypotheses do not exist. An example is given that tests this methodology for comparing effective dose levels in independent probit regressions, an application that is also pertinent to derivations of LC50s for insect pathogens and of detectability half-lives for prey proteins or DNA sequences in predator gut analysis.},
	author = {Payton, Mark E and Greenstone, Matthew H and Schenker, Nathaniel},
	date-added = {2018-11-22 08:16:20 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-22 08:16:20 -0800},
	journal = {J Insect Sci},
	journal-full = {Journal of insect science (Online)},
	mesh = {Animals; Computer Simulation; Confidence Intervals; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Insecta; Regression Analysis; Research},
	pages = {34},
	pmc = {PMC524673},
	pmid = {15841249},
	pst = {ppublish},
	title = {Overlapping confidence intervals or standard error intervals: what do they mean in terms of statistical significance?},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2003}}

@article{wake:1999,
	author = {Wakefield, A J},
	date-added = {2018-11-17 17:35:13 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-17 17:35:13 -0800},
	doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(05)75696-8},
	journal = {Lancet},
	journal-full = {Lancet (London, England)},
	mesh = {Autistic Disorder; California; Causality; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; London; Male; Measles Vaccine; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine; Mumps Vaccine; Risk Factors; Rubella Vaccine; Vaccines, Combined},
	month = {Sep},
	number = {9182},
	pages = {949-50},
	pmid = {10489978},
	pst = {ppublish},
	title = {MMR vaccination and autism},
	volume = {354},
	year = {1999},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)75696-8}}

@article{Neyman289,
	author = {J. Neyman and K. Pearson},
	date-added = {2018-11-17 17:04:09 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-17 17:04:27 -0800},
	doi = {10.1098/rsta.1933.0009},
	eprint = {http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/231/694-706/289.full.pdf},
	issn = {0264-3952},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
	number = {694-706},
	pages = {289--337},
	publisher = {The Royal Society},
	title = {On the problem of the most efficient tests of statistical hypotheses},
	url = {http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/231/694-706/289},
	volume = {231},
	year = {1933},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/231/694-706/289},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1933.0009}}

@book{fish:1956,
	address = {New York},
	annote = {LDR    00672nam  22002171  4500
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050 00 $aQA9$b.F54 1956
082 00 $a510.1
100 1  $aFisher, Ronald Aylmer,$cSir,$d1890-1962.
245 10 $aStatistical methods and scientific inference.
260    $aNew York,$bHafner Pub. Co.$c[1956]
300    $a175 p.$billus.$c23 cm.
650  0 $aMathematical statistics.
650  0 $aProbabilities.
991    $bc-GenColl$hQA9$i.F54 1956$tCopy 1$wBOOKS
},
	author = {Fisher, Ronald Aylmer},
	call-number = {QA9},
	date-added = {2018-11-17 17:00:41 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-17 17:00:41 -0800},
	dewey-call-number = {510.1},
	genre = {Mathematical statistics},
	library-id = {56058441},
	publisher = {Hafner Pub. Co},
	title = {Statistical methods and scientific inference},
	year = {1956}}

@book{fisher1925statistical,
	added-at = {2009-10-28T04:42:52.000+0100},
	author = {Fisher, R.A.},
	biburl = {https://www.bibsonomy.org/bibtex/2dde0e79ae9f617d14ea8e878332febc3/jwbowers},
	date-added = {2018-11-17 16:56:58 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-17 16:56:58 -0800},
	interhash = {8240df5e4c7457755487ca08fc12e870},
	intrahash = {dde0e79ae9f617d14ea8e878332febc3},
	keywords = {imported},
	publisher = {Edinburgh Oliver \& Boyd},
	timestamp = {2009-10-28T04:42:54.000+0100},
	title = {Statistical methods for research workers},
	year = 1925}

@article{efron1998,
	author = {Efron, Bradley},
	date-added = {2018-11-17 16:52:07 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-17 16:52:07 -0800},
	doi = {10.1214/ss/1028905930},
	fjournal = {Statistical Science},
	journal = {Statist. Sci.},
	month = {05},
	number = {2},
	pages = {95--122},
	publisher = {The Institute of Mathematical Statistics},
	title = {R. A. Fisher in the 21st century (Invited paper presented at the 		 1996 R. A. Fisher Lecture)},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1214/ss/1028905930},
	volume = {13},
	year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1214/ss/1028905930}}

@article{dehg:ment:zhan:2017,
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The relationship between macronutrients and cardiovascular disease and mortality is controversial. Most available data are from European and North American populations where nutrition excess is more likely, so their applicability to other populations is unclear.
METHODS: The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study is a large, epidemiological cohort study of individuals aged 35-70 years (enrolled between Jan 1, 2003, and March 31, 2013) in 18 countries with a median follow-up of 7·4 years (IQR 5·3-9·3). Dietary intake of 135 335 individuals was recorded using validated food frequency questionnaires. The primary outcomes were total mortality and major cardiovascular events (fatal cardiovascular disease, non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure). Secondary outcomes were all myocardial infarctions, stroke, cardiovascular disease mortality, and non-cardiovascular disease mortality. Participants were categorised into quintiles of nutrient intake (carbohydrate, fats, and protein) based on percentage of energy provided by nutrients. We assessed the associations between consumption of carbohydrate, total fat, and each type of fat with cardiovascular disease and total mortality. We calculated hazard ratios (HRs) using a multivariable Cox frailty model with random intercepts to account for centre clustering.
FINDINGS: During follow-up, we documented 5796 deaths and 4784 major cardiovascular disease events. Higher carbohydrate intake was associated with an increased risk of total mortality (highest [quintile 5] vs lowest quintile [quintile 1] category, HR 1·28 [95% CI 1·12-1·46], ptrend=0·0001) but not with the risk of cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular disease mortality. Intake of total fat and each type of fat was associated with lower risk of total mortality (quintile 5 vs quintile 1, total fat: HR 0·77 [95% CI 0·67-0·87], ptrend<0·0001; saturated fat, HR 0·86 [0·76-0·99], ptrend=0·0088; monounsaturated fat: HR 0·81 [0·71-0·92], ptrend<0·0001; and polyunsaturated fat: HR 0·80 [0·71-0·89], ptrend<0·0001). Higher saturated fat intake was associated with lower risk of stroke (quintile 5 vs quintile 1, HR 0·79 [95% CI 0·64-0·98], ptrend=0·0498). Total fat and saturated and unsaturated fats were not significantly associated with risk of myocardial infarction or cardiovascular disease mortality.
INTERPRETATION: High carbohydrate intake was associated with higher risk of total mortality, whereas total fat and individual types of fat were related to lower total mortality. Total fat and types of fat were not associated with cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction, or cardiovascular disease mortality, whereas saturated fat had an inverse association with stroke. Global dietary guidelines should be reconsidered in light of these findings.
FUNDING: Full funding sources listed at the end of the paper (see Acknowledgments).},
	author = {Dehghan, Mahshid and Mente, Andrew and Zhang, Xiaohe and Swaminathan, Sumathi and Li, Wei and Mohan, Viswanathan and Iqbal, Romaina and Kumar, Rajesh and Wentzel-Viljoen, Edelweiss and Rosengren, Annika and Amma, Leela Itty and Avezum, Alvaro and Chifamba, Jephat and Diaz, Rafael and Khatib, Rasha and Lear, Scott and Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio and Liu, Xiaoyun and Gupta, Rajeev and Mohammadifard, Noushin and Gao, Nan and Oguz, Aytekin and Ramli, Anis Safura and Seron, Pamela and Sun, Yi and Szuba, Andrzej and Tsolekile, Lungiswa and Wielgosz, Andreas and Yusuf, Rita and Hussein Yusufali, Afzal and Teo, Koon K and Rangarajan, Sumathy and Dagenais, Gilles and Bangdiwala, Shrikant I and Islam, Shofiqul and Anand, Sonia S and Yusuf, Salim and {Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study investigators}},
	date-added = {2018-11-15 09:20:51 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-15 09:20:51 -0800},
	doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32252-3},
	journal = {Lancet},
	journal-full = {Lancet (London, England)},
	mesh = {Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cause of Death; Cohort Studies; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Energy Metabolism; Female; Humans; Income; Internationality; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Survival Analysis},
	month = {Nov},
	number = {10107},
	pages = {2050-2062},
	pmid = {28864332},
	pst = {ppublish},
	title = {Associations of fats and carbohydrate intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality in 18 countries from five continents (PURE): a prospective cohort study},
	volume = {390},
	year = {2017},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32252-3}}

@book{teic:2014,
	annote = {LDR    01846cam  2200337 i 4500
001    18085925
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906    $a7$bcbc$corignew$d1$eecip$f20$gy-gencatlg
925 0  $aAcquire$b2 shelf copies$xSel/rjc, 2014-06-24
955    $bbd22 2014-03-28$ibd22 2014-03-28 telework to Dewey$wxl05 2014-03-31 (telework);$fxk02 2014-06-10, c. 1 to CALM$txk02 2014-06-17, c. 2-3 to CALM$axk15 2015-03-12  (Simon & Schuster 2015 paperback edition - discard) to CALM
010    $a  2014008167
020    $a9781451624427 (hardcover)
020    $a9781451624434 (trade pbk.)
020    $z9781451624441 (ebook)
040    $aDLC$beng$erda
042 c DLC
050    $apcc
082 00 $aQP751$b.T47 2014
100 00 $a613.2/84$223
245 1  $aTeicholz, Nina.
250 14 $aThe big fat surprise :$bwhy butter, meat, and cheese belong in a healthy diet /$cNina Teicholz.
264    $aFirst Simon & Schuster hardcover edition.
300  1 $aNew York :$bSimon & Schuster,$c[2014]
336    $aix, 479 pages :$billustrations ;$c24 cm
337    $atext$2rdacontent
338    $aunmediated$2rdamedia
504    $avolume$2rdacarrier
505    $aIncludes bibliographical references (pages 407-453) and index.
650 0  $aThe fat paradox -- Why we now think saturated fat is unhealthy -- Diet-heart hypothesis becomes policy -- The flawed science behind saturated vs. polyunsaturated fats -- The diet-heart dogma goes to Washington -- Benefits would be shared by all? -- Lost at sea on the Mediterranean diet ... -- The bad bargain: replacing sat fats with trans fats -- Getting rid of trans fats: an even worse unintended consequence? -- Why fat (including saturated) is good for you -- Conclusion.
650  0 $aLipids in human nutrition.
},
	author = {Teicholz, Nina},
	call-number = {pcc},
	date-added = {2018-11-15 09:18:51 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-15 09:19:28 -0800},
	dewey-call-number = {QP751},
	genre = {The fat paradox -- Why we now think saturated fat is unhealthy -- Diet-heart hypothesis becomes policy -- The flawed science behind saturated vs. polyunsaturated fats -- The diet-heart dogma goes to Washington -- Benefits would be shared by all? -- Lost at sea on the Mediterranean diet ... -- The bad bargain: replacing sat fats with trans fats -- Getting rid of trans fats: an even worse unintended consequence? -- Why fat (including saturated) is good for you -- Conclusion},
	isbn = {9781451624427 (hardcover)},
	library-id = {2014008167},
	publisher = {Simon & Schuster},
	title = {The big fat surprise},
	year = {2014}}

@article{copa:1983,
	author = {Copas, J. B.},
	date-added = {2018-11-13 16:39:13 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-13 16:39:19 -0800},
	journal = {Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B: Methodological},
	keywords = {Stein estimation, Empirical Bayes, Binary regression},
	pages = {311--354},
	title = {Regression, prediction and shrinkage (with discussion)},
	volume = {45},
	year = {1983}}

@article{gala:lebo:nels:2012,
	abstract = {Across 7 experiments (N = 3,289), we replicate the procedure of Experiments 8 and 9 from Bem (2011), which had originally demonstrated retroactive facilitation of recall. We failed to replicate that finding. We further conduct a meta-analysis of all replication attempts of these experiments and find that the average effect size (d = 0.04) is no different from 0. We discuss some reasons for differences between the results in this article and those presented in Bem (2011).},
	author = {Galak, Jeff and LeBoeuf, Robyn A and Nelson, Leif D and Simmons, Joseph P},
	date-added = {2018-11-13 12:24:29 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-13 12:24:29 -0800},
	doi = {10.1037/a0029709},
	journal = {J Pers Soc Psychol},
	journal-full = {Journal of personality and social psychology},
	mesh = {Adult; Anticipation, Psychological; Cognition; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Recall; Neuropsychological Tests; Parapsychology; Perception; Psycholinguistics; Time Factors; Young Adult},
	month = {Dec},
	number = {6},
	pages = {933-948},
	pmid = {22924750},
	pst = {ppublish},
	title = {Correcting the past: failures to replicate psi},
	volume = {103},
	year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029709}}

@article{kapl:irvi:2015,
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: We explore whether the number of null results in large National Heart Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) funded trials has increased over time.
METHODS: We identified all large NHLBI supported RCTs between 1970 and 2012 evaluating drugs or dietary supplements for the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular disease. Trials were included if direct costs >$500,000/year, participants were adult humans, and the primary outcome was cardiovascular risk, disease or death. The 55 trials meeting these criteria were coded for whether they were published prior to or after the year 2000, whether they registered in clinicaltrials.gov prior to publication, used active or placebo comparator, and whether or not the trial had industry co-sponsorship. We tabulated whether the study reported a positive, negative, or null result on the primary outcome variable and for total mortality.
RESULTS: 17 of 30 studies (57\%) published prior to 2000 showed a significant benefit of intervention on the primary outcome in comparison to only 2 among the 25 (8\%) trials published after 2000 (χ2=12.2,df= 1, p=0.0005). There has been no change in the proportion of trials that compared treatment to placebo versus active comparator. Industry co-sponsorship was unrelated to the probability of reporting a significant benefit. Pre-registration in clinical trials.gov was strongly associated with the trend toward null findings.
CONCLUSIONS: The number NHLBI trials reporting positive results declined after the year 2000. Prospective declaration of outcomes in RCTs, and the adoption of transparent reporting standards, as required by clinicaltrials.gov, may have contributed to the trend toward null findings.},
	author = {Kaplan, Robert M and Irvin, Veronica L},
	date-added = {2018-11-13 12:22:44 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-13 12:22:44 -0800},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0132382},
	journal = {PLoS One},
	journal-full = {PloS one},
	mesh = {Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.); Publishing; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Registries; Research Design; Treatment Outcome; United States},
	number = {8},
	pages = {e0132382},
	pmc = {PMC4526697},
	pmid = {26244868},
	pst = {epublish},
	title = {Likelihood of Null Effects of Large NHLBI Clinical Trials Has Increased over Time},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2015},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132382}}

@article{bem:2011,
	abstract = {The term psi denotes anomalous processes of information or energy transfer that are currently unexplained in terms of known physical or biological mechanisms. Two variants of psi are precognition (conscious cognitive awareness) and premonition (affective apprehension) of a future event that could not otherwise be anticipated through any known inferential process. Precognition and premonition are themselves special cases of a more general phenomenon: the anomalous retroactive influence of some future event on an individual's current responses, whether those responses are conscious or nonconscious, cognitive or affective. This article reports 9 experiments, involving more than 1,000 participants, that test for retroactive influence by "time-reversing" well-established psychological effects so that the individual's responses are obtained before the putatively causal stimulus events occur. Data are presented for 4 time-reversed effects: precognitive approach to erotic stimuli and precognitive avoidance of negative stimuli; retroactive priming; retroactive habituation; and retroactive facilitation of recall. The mean effect size (d) in psi performance across all 9 experiments was 0.22, and all but one of the experiments yielded statistically significant results. The individual-difference variable of stimulus seeking, a component of extraversion, was significantly correlated with psi performance in 5 of the experiments, with participants who scored above the midpoint on a scale of stimulus seeking achieving a mean effect size of 0.43. Skepticism about psi, issues of replication, and theories of psi are also discussed.},
	author = {Bem, Daryl J},
	date-added = {2018-11-13 10:25:56 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-13 10:25:56 -0800},
	doi = {10.1037/a0021524},
	journal = {J Pers Soc Psychol},
	journal-full = {Journal of personality and social psychology},
	mesh = {Affect; Awareness; Boredom; Cognition; Erotica; Escape Reaction; Female; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; Humans; Male; Mental Recall; Parapsychology; Subliminal Stimulation; Time Factors},
	month = {Mar},
	number = {3},
	pages = {407-25},
	pmid = {21280961},
	pst = {ppublish},
	title = {Feeling the future: experimental evidence for anomalous retroactive influences on cognition and affect},
	volume = {100},
	year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021524}}

@article{simm:nels:simo:2011,
	abstract = {In this article, we accomplish two things. First, we show that despite empirical psychologists' nominal endorsement of a low rate of false-positive findings (≤ .05), flexibility in data collection, analysis, and reporting dramatically increases actual false-positive rates. In many cases, a researcher is more likely to falsely find evidence that an effect exists than to correctly find evidence that it does not. We present computer simulations and a pair of actual experiments that demonstrate how unacceptably easy it is to accumulate (and report) statistically significant evidence for a false hypothesis. Second, we suggest a simple, low-cost, and straightforwardly effective disclosure-based solution to this problem. The solution involves six concrete requirements for authors and four guidelines for reviewers, all of which impose a minimal burden on the publication process.},
	author = {Simmons, Joseph P and Nelson, Leif D and Simonsohn, Uri},
	date-added = {2018-11-13 10:25:06 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-13 10:25:06 -0800},
	doi = {10.1177/0956797611417632},
	journal = {Psychol Sci},
	journal-full = {Psychological science},
	mesh = {Adult; Computer Simulation; Data Collection; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Humans; Peer Review, Research; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Publications; Research Design; Research Personnel; Statistics as Topic; Young Adult},
	month = {Nov},
	number = {11},
	pages = {1359-66},
	pmid = {22006061},
	pst = {ppublish},
	title = {False-positive psychology: undisclosed flexibility in data collection and analysis allows presenting anything as significant},
	volume = {22},
	year = {2011},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797611417632}}

@article{kerr:1998,
	abstract = {This article considers a practice in scientific communication termed HARKing (Hypothesizing After the Results are Known). HARKing is defined as presenting a post hoc hypothesis (i.e., one based on or informed by one's results) in one's research report as i f it were, in fact, an a priori hypotheses. Several forms of HARKing are identified and survey data are presented that suggests that at least some forms of HARKing are widely practiced and widely seen as inappropriate. I identify several reasons why scientists might HARK. Then I discuss several reasons why scientists ought not to HARK. It is conceded that the question of whether HARKing ' s costs exceed its benefits is a complex one that ought to be addressed through research, open discussion, and debate. To help stimulate such discussion (and for those such as myself who suspect that HARKing's costs do exceed its benefits), I conclude the article with some suggestions for deterring HARKing.},
	author = {Kerr, N L},
	date-added = {2018-11-13 10:23:42 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-13 10:23:42 -0800},
	doi = {10.1207/s15327957pspr0203_4},
	journal = {Pers Soc Psychol Rev},
	journal-full = {Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc},
	number = {3},
	pages = {196-217},
	pmid = {15647155},
	pst = {ppublish},
	title = {HARKing: hypothesizing after the results are known},
	volume = {2},
	year = {1998},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0203_4}}

@book{darl:zann:roed:2004,
	address = {Washington, DC},
	annote = {LDR    01501cam  22003734a 4500
001    13070759
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010    $a  2003041830
020    $a1591470358 (alk. paper)
035    $a(DNLM)101166129
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050 00 $aH62$b.C584824 2004
060 10 $aH 62$bC737 2003
082 00 $a300/.71/1$221
245 04 $aThe compleat academic :$ba career guide /$cedited by John M. Darley, Mark P. Zanna, and Henry L. Roediger, III.
250    $a2nd ed.
260    $aWashington, DC :$bAmerican Psychological Association,$cc2004.
300    $axii, 422 p. ;$c26 cm.
504    $aIncludes bibliographical references and index.
650  0 $aSocial sciences$xStudy and teaching.
650  0 $aSocial sciences$xVocational guidance.
650  0 $aCollege teaching$xVocational guidance.
700 1  $aDarley, John M.
700 1  $aZanna, Mark P.
700 1  $aRoediger, Henry L.
710 2  $aAmerican Psychological Association.
856 41 $3Table of contents$uhttp://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy037/2003041830.html
955    $apc21 2003-01-28 to NLM
985    $aNLMCIP$d2003-02-03
},
	author = {Darley, John M and Zanna, Mark P and Roediger, Henry L},
	call-number = {H62},
	date-added = {2018-11-13 10:22:39 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-13 10:22:39 -0800},
	dewey-call-number = {300/.71/1},
	edition = {2nd ed},
	genre = {Social sciences},
	isbn = {1591470358 (alk. paper)},
	library-id = {2003041830},
	publisher = {American Psychological Association},
	title = {The compleat academic: a career guide},
	url = {http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy037/2003041830.html},
	year = {2004},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy037/2003041830.html}}

@article{smal:mcel:2016,
	abstract = {Poor research design and data analysis encourage false-positive findings. Such poor methods persist despite perennial calls for improvement, suggesting that they result from something more than just misunderstanding. The persistence of poor methods results partly from incentives that favour them, leading to the natural selection of bad science. This dynamic requires no conscious strategizing-no deliberate cheating nor loafing-by scientists, only that publication is a principal factor for career advancement. Some normative methods of analysis have almost certainly been selected to further publication instead of discovery. In order to improve the culture of science, a shift must be made away from correcting misunderstandings and towards rewarding understanding. We support this argument with empirical evidence and computational modelling. We first present a 60-year meta-analysis of statistical power in the behavioural sciences and show that power has not improved despite repeated demonstrations of the necessity of increasing power. To demonstrate the logical consequences of structural incentives, we then present a dynamic model of scientific communities in which competing laboratories investigate novel or previously published hypotheses using culturally transmitted research methods. As in the real world, successful labs produce more 'progeny,' such that their methods are more often copied and their students are more likely to start labs of their own. Selection for high output leads to poorer methods and increasingly high false discovery rates. We additionally show that replication slows but does not stop the process of methodological deterioration. Improving the quality of research requires change at the institutional level.},
	author = {Smaldino, Paul E and McElreath, Richard},
	date-added = {2018-11-13 10:19:18 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-13 10:19:18 -0800},
	doi = {10.1098/rsos.160384},
	journal = {R Soc Open Sci},
	journal-full = {Royal Society open science},
	keywords = {Campbell's Law; cultural evolution; incentives; metascience; replication; statistical power},
	month = {Sep},
	number = {9},
	pages = {160384},
	pmc = {PMC5043322},
	pmid = {27703703},
	pst = {epublish},
	title = {The natural selection of bad science},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2016},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.160384}}

@article{ioan:2005,
	abstract = {There is increasing concern that most current published research findings are false. The probability that a research claim is true may depend on study power and bias, the number of other studies on the same question, and, importantly, the ratio of true to no relationships among the relationships probed in each scientific field. In this framework, a research finding is less likely to be true when the studies conducted in a field are smaller; when effect sizes are smaller; when there is a greater number and lesser preselection of tested relationships; where there is greater flexibility in designs, definitions, outcomes, and analytical modes; when there is greater financial and other interest and prejudice; and when more teams are involved in a scientific field in chase of statistical significance. Simulations show that for most study designs and settings, it is more likely for a research claim to be false than true. Moreover, for many current scientific fields, claimed research findings may often be simply accurate measures of the prevailing bias. In this essay, I discuss the implications of these problems for the conduct and interpretation of research.},
	author = {Ioannidis, John P A},
	date-added = {2018-11-13 10:05:20 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-13 10:05:20 -0800},
	doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124},
	journal = {PLoS Med},
	journal-full = {PLoS medicine},
	mesh = {Bias; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Likelihood Functions; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Odds Ratio; Publishing; Reproducibility of Results; Research Design; Sample Size},
	month = {Aug},
	number = {8},
	pages = {e124},
	pmc = {PMC1182327},
	pmid = {16060722},
	pst = {ppublish},
	title = {Why most published research findings are false},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2005},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020124}}

@article{Camerer2018EvaluatingTR,
	author = {Colin F. Camerer and Anna Dreber and Felix Holzmeister and Teck-Hua Ho and J{\"u}rgen Huber and Magnus Johannesson and Michael Kirchler and Gidi Nave and Brian A. Nosek and Thomas Pfeiffer and Adam Altmejd and Nick Buttrick and Taizan Chan and Yiling Chen and Eskil Forsell and Anup Gampa and Emma Heikensten and Lily Hummer and Taisuke Imai and Siri Isaksson and Dylan Manfredi and Julia Hannum Rose and Eric-Jan Wagenmakers and Hang Wu},
	date-added = {2018-11-13 09:56:41 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-13 09:56:41 -0800},
	journal = {Nature Human Behaviour},
	pages = {637-644},
	title = {Evaluating the replicability of social science experiments in Nature and Science between 2010 and 2015},
	volume = {2},
	year = {2018}}

@article{bake:2017,
	author = {Baker, Monya},
	date-added = {2018-11-13 09:54:43 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-13 09:54:43 -0800},
	doi = {10.1038/548485a},
	journal = {Nature},
	journal-full = {Nature},
	mesh = {Aniline Compounds; Antineoplastic Agents; Biomedical Research; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Contamination; Indicators and Reagents; Molecular Probes; Nitriles; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pyrazoles; Pyridines; Quinolines; Reproducibility of Results; Research Personnel; Small Molecule Libraries; Stereoisomerism},
	month = {08},
	number = {7668},
	pages = {485-488},
	pmid = {28836600},
	pst = {ppublish},
	title = {Reproducibility: Check your chemistry},
	volume = {548},
	year = {2017},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1038/548485a}}

@techreport{NBERw22989,
	abstract = {There is growing interest in enhancing research transparency and reproducibility in economics and other scientific fields. We survey existing work on these topics within economics, and discuss the evidence suggesting that publication bias, inability to replicate, and specification searching remain widespread in the discipline. We next discuss recent progress in this area, including through improved research design, study registration and pre-analysis plans, disclosure standards, and open sharing of data and materials, drawing on experiences in both economics and other social sciences. We discuss areas where consensus is emerging on new practices, as well as approaches that remain controversial, and speculate about the most effective ways to make economics research more credible in the future.},
	author = {Christensen, Garret S and Miguel, Edward},
	date-added = {2018-11-13 09:49:56 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-13 09:49:56 -0800},
	doi = {10.3386/w22989},
	institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research},
	month = {December},
	number = {22989},
	series = {Working Paper Series},
	title = {Transparency, Reproducibility, and the Credibility of Economics Research},
	type = {Working Paper},
	url = {http://www.nber.org/papers/w22989},
	year = {2016},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://www.nber.org/papers/w22989},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.3386/w22989}}

@article{erri:iorn:gunn:2014,
	abstract = {It is widely believed that research that builds upon previously published findings has reproduced the original work. However, it is rare for researchers to perform or publish direct replications of existing results. The Reproducibility Project: Cancer Biology is an open investigation of reproducibility in preclinical cancer biology research. We have identified 50 high impact cancer biology articles published in the period 2010-2012, and plan to replicate a subset of experimental results from each article. A Registered Report detailing the proposed experimental designs and protocols for each subset of experiments will be peer reviewed and published prior to data collection. The results of these experiments will then be published in a Replication Study. The resulting open methodology and dataset will provide evidence about the reproducibility of high-impact results, and an opportunity to identify predictors of reproducibility. },
	author = {Errington, Timothy M and Iorns, Elizabeth and Gunn, William and Tan, Fraser Elisabeth and Lomax, Joelle and Nosek, Brian A},
	date-added = {2018-11-13 09:48:39 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-13 09:48:39 -0800},
	doi = {10.7554/eLife.04333},
	journal = {Elife},
	journal-full = {eLife},
	keywords = {human; human biology; medicine; methodology; mouse; open science; replication; reproducibility; reproducibility project: cancer biology},
	mesh = {Biomedical Research; Humans; Neoplasms; Reproducibility of Results},
	month = {Dec},
	pmc = {PMC4270077},
	pmid = {25490932},
	pst = {epublish},
	title = {An open investigation of the reproducibility of cancer biology research},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2014},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.04333}}

@article{open:2015,
	abstract = {Reproducibility is a defining feature of science, but the extent to which it characterizes current research is unknown. We conducted replications of 100 experimental and correlational studies published in three psychology journals using high-powered designs and original materials when available. Replication effects were half the magnitude of original effects, representing a substantial decline. Ninety-seven percent of original studies had statistically significant results. Thirty-six percent of replications had statistically significant results; 47\% of original effect sizes were in the 95\% confidence interval of the replication effect size; 39\% of effects were subjectively rated to have replicated the original result; and if no bias in original results is assumed, combining original and replication results left 68\% with statistically significant effects. Correlational tests suggest that replication success was better predicted by the strength of original evidence than by characteristics of the original and replication teams. },
	author = {{Open Science Collaboration}},
	date-added = {2018-11-13 09:45:06 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-13 09:45:06 -0800},
	doi = {10.1126/science.aac4716},
	journal = {Science},
	journal-full = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
	mesh = {Behavioral Research; Confidence Intervals; Periodicals as Topic; Psychology; Publication Bias; Publishing; Reproducibility of Results; Research; Research Design},
	month = {Aug},
	number = {6251},
	pages = {aac4716},
	pmid = {26315443},
	pst = {ppublish},
	title = {PSYCHOLOGY. Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science},
	volume = {349},
	year = {2015},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac4716}}

@article{wans:just:payn:2012,
	author = {Wansink, Brian and Just, David R and Payne, Collin R},
	date-added = {2018-11-13 09:37:44 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-13 09:37:44 -0800},
	doi = {10.1001/archpediatrics.2012.999},
	journal = {Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med},
	journal-full = {Archives of pediatrics \& adolescent medicine},
	mesh = {Advertising as Topic; Child; Child Behavior; Choice Behavior; Female; Food Preferences; Humans; Lunch; Male; School Health Services},
	month = {Oct},
	number = {10},
	pages = {1-2},
	pmid = {22911396},
	pst = {ppublish},
	title = {Can branding improve school lunches?},
	volume = {166},
	year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2012.999}}

@article{gard:kiaz:alha:2007,
	abstract = {CONTEXT: Popular diets, particularly those low in carbohydrates, have challenged current recommendations advising a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet for weight loss. Potential benefits and risks have not been tested adequately.
OBJECTIVE: To compare 4 weight-loss diets representing a spectrum of low to high carbohydrate intake for effects on weight loss and related metabolic variables.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Twelve-month randomized trial conducted in the United States from February 2003 to October 2005 among 311 free-living, overweight/obese (body mass index, 27-40) nondiabetic, premenopausal women.
INTERVENTION: Participants were randomly assigned to follow the Atkins (n = 77), Zone (n = 79), LEARN (n = 79), or Ornish (n = 76) diets and received weekly instruction for 2 months, then an additional 10-month follow-up.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Weight loss at 12 months was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included lipid profile (low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels), percentage of body fat, waist-hip ratio, fasting insulin and glucose levels, and blood pressure. Outcomes were assessed at months 0, 2, 6, and 12. The Tukey studentized range test was used to adjust for multiple testing.
RESULTS: Weight loss was greater for women in the Atkins diet group compared with the other diet groups at 12 months, and mean 12-month weight loss was significantly different between the Atkins and Zone diets (P<.05). Mean 12-month weight loss was as follows: Atkins, -4.7 kg (95\% confidence interval [CI], -6.3 to -3.1 kg), Zone, -1.6 kg (95\% CI, -2.8 to -0.4 kg), LEARN, -2.6 kg (-3.8 to -1.3 kg), and Ornish, -2.2 kg (-3.6 to -0.8 kg). Weight loss was not statistically different among the Zone, LEARN, and Ornish groups. At 12 months, secondary outcomes for the Atkins group were comparable with or more favorable than the other diet groups.
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, premenopausal overweight and obese women assigned to follow the Atkins diet, which had the lowest carbohydrate intake, lost more weight at 12 months than women assigned to follow the Zone diet, and had experienced comparable or more favorable metabolic effects than those assigned to the Zone, Ornish, or LEARN diets [corrected] While questions remain about long-term effects and mechanisms, a low-carbohydrate, high-protein, high-fat diet may be considered a feasible alternative recommendation for weight loss.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00079573.},
	author = {Gardner, Christopher D and Kiazand, Alexandre and Alhassan, Sofiya and Kim, Soowon and Stafford, Randall S and Balise, Raymond R and Kraemer, Helena C and King, Abby C},
	date-added = {2018-11-12 17:10:16 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-12 17:10:16 -0800},
	doi = {10.1001/jama.297.9.969},
	journal = {JAMA},
	journal-full = {JAMA},
	mesh = {Adult; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Diet Fads; Diet, Reducing; Dietary Carbohydrates; Energy Intake; Energy Metabolism; Female; Humans; Lipids; Middle Aged; Obesity; Overweight; Premenopause; Risk Factors; Weight Loss},
	month = {Mar},
	number = {9},
	pages = {969-77},
	pmid = {17341711},
	pst = {ppublish},
	title = {Comparison of the Atkins, Zone, Ornish, and LEARN diets for change in weight and related risk factors among overweight premenopausal women: the A TO Z Weight Loss Study: a randomized trial},
	volume = {297},
	year = {2007},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.297.9.969}}

@article{Neyman37,
	abstract = {We shall distinguish two aspects of the problems of estimation . (i) the practical and (ii) the theoretical. The practical aspect may be described as follows: (ia) The statistician is concerned with a population, {\"I}€, which for some reason or other cannot be studied exhaustively. It is only possible to draw a sample from this population which may be studied in detail and used to form an opinion the values of certain constants describing the properties of the population {\"I}€. For example, it may be desired to calculate approximately the mean of a certain character possessed by the individuals forming the population {\"I}€, etc.},
	author = {Neyman, J},
	date-added = {2018-11-12 15:56:47 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-15 09:21:08 -0800},
	doi = {10.1098/rsta.1937.0005},
	eprint = {http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/236/767/333.full.pdf},
	issn = {0080-4614},
	journal = {Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences},
	number = {767},
	pages = {333--380},
	publisher = {The Royal Society},
	title = {Outline of a Theory of Statistical Estimation Based on the Classical Theory of Probability},
	url = {http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/236/767/333},
	volume = {236},
	year = {1937},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/236/767/333},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1937.0005}}

@article{kass:raff:1995,
	author = {Robert E. Kass and Adrian E. Raftery},
	date-added = {2018-11-12 15:09:05 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-12 15:09:15 -0800},
	doi = {10.1080/01621459.1995.10476572},
	eprint = {https://amstat.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01621459.1995.10476572},
	journal = {Journal of the American Statistical Association},
	number = {430},
	pages = {773-795},
	publisher = {Taylor & Francis},
	title = {Bayes Factors},
	url = {https://amstat.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1995.10476572},
	volume = {90},
	year = {1995},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://amstat.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01621459.1995.10476572},
	Bdsk-Url-2 = {https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1995.10476572}}

@article{breiman2001,
	author = {Breiman, Leo},
	date-added = {2018-11-12 15:05:00 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-12 15:05:00 -0800},
	doi = {10.1214/ss/1009213726},
	fjournal = {Statistical Science},
	journal = {Statist. Sci.},
	month = {08},
	number = {3},
	pages = {199--231},
	publisher = {The Institute of Mathematical Statistics},
	title = {Statistical Modeling: The Two Cultures (with comments and a rejoinder by the author)},
	url = {https://doi.org/10.1214/ss/1009213726},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2001},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1214/ss/1009213726}}

@book{stig,
	abstract = {"A summary of the seven most consequential ideas in the history of statistics, ideas that have proven their importance over a century or more and yet still define the basis of statistical science in the present day. Separately each was a radical idea when introduced, and most remain radical today when they are extended to new territory. Together they define statistics as a scientific field in a way that differentiates it from mathematics and computer science, fields which partner with statistics today but also maintain their separate identities. These "pillars" are presented in their historical context, and some flavor of their development and variety of forms is also given in historical context. The framework of these seven is quite different from the usual ways statistical ideas are arranged, such as in most courses on the subject, and thus they give a new way to think about statistics."--},
	annote = {LDR    02653cam  2200325 i 4500
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925 0  $aacquire$b1 shelf copy$xpolicy default
955    $aMH$erl06 2015-09-15 to Dewey$wxl03 2015-09-22$axn05 2016-03-21 1 copy rec'd., to CIP ver.$arl00 2016-03-24 to SMA$frl02 2016-03-24 to BCCD$aHAND CARRY -- NEEDED FOR CONGRESSIONAL LOAN; PLS CONTACT  scar, x7717   2017-04-06$arl02 2017-04-17 copy 1 to Loan Division
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100 1  $aStigler, Stephen M.,$eauthor.
245 14 $aThe seven pillars of statistical wisdom /$cStephen M. Stigler.
264  1 $aCambridge, Massachusetts :$bHarvard University Press,$c2016.
300    $a230 pages ;$c18 cm
336    $atext$2rdacontent
337    $aunmediated$2rdamedia
338    $avolume$2rdacarrier
504    $aIncludes bibliographical references (pages 211-223) and index.
505 0  $aAggregation: from tables and means to least squares -- Information: its measurement and rate of change -- Likelihood: calibration on a probability scale -- Intercomparison: within-sample variation as a standard -- Regression: multivariate analysis, Bayesian inference, and causal inference -- Design: experimental planning and the role of randomization -- Residual: scientific logic, model comparison, and diagnostic display.
520    $a"A summary of the seven most consequential ideas in the history of statistics, ideas that have proven their importance over a century or more and yet still define the basis of statistical science in the present day. Separately each was a radical idea when introduced, and most remain radical today when they are extended to new territory. Together they define statistics as a scientific field in a way that differentiates it from mathematics and computer science, fields which partner with statistics today but also maintain their separate identities. These "pillars" are presented in their historical context, and some flavor of their development and variety of forms is also given in historical context. The framework of these seven is quite different from the usual ways statistical ideas are arranged, such as in most courses on the subject, and thus they give a new way to think about statistics."--$cProvided by publisher.
650  0 $aStatistics$xHistory.
650  0 $aMathematical statistics$xHistory.
985    $aMHCIP$d2015-09-14
},
	author = {Stigler, Stephen M.},
	call-number = {QA276.15},
	date-added = {2018-11-12 15:00:54 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-15 12:50:42 -0800},
	dewey-call-number = {519.5},
	genre = {Statistics},
	isbn = {9780674088917 (pbk. : alk. paper)},
	library-id = {2015033367},
	publisher = {Harvard University Press},
	title = {The seven pillars of statistical wisdom},
	year = {2016}}

@article{pesc:kend:gust:2012,
	abstract = {Lung cancer is mainly caused by smoking, but the quantitative relations between smoking and histologic subtypes of lung cancer remain inconclusive. By using one of the largest lung cancer datasets ever assembled, we explored the impact of smoking on risks of the major cell types of lung cancer. This pooled analysis included 13,169 cases and 16,010 controls from Europe and Canada. Studies with population controls comprised 66.5\% of the subjects. Adenocarcinoma (AdCa) was the most prevalent subtype in never smokers and in women. Squamous cell carcinoma (SqCC) predominated in male smokers. Age-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were estimated with logistic regression. ORs were elevated for all metrics of exposure to cigarette smoke and were higher for SqCC and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) than for AdCa. Current male smokers with an average daily dose of >30 cigarettes had ORs of 103.5 (95\% confidence interval (CI): 74.8-143.2) for SqCC, 111.3 (95\% CI: 69.8-177.5) for SCLC and 21.9 (95\% CI: 16.6-29.0) for AdCa. In women, the corresponding ORs were 62.7 (95\% CI: 31.5-124.6), 108.6 (95\% CI: 50.7-232.8) and 16.8 (95\% CI: 9.2-30.6), respectively. Although ORs started to decline soon after quitting, they did not fully return to the baseline risk of never smokers even 35 years after cessation. The major result that smoking exerted a steeper risk gradient on SqCC and SCLC than on AdCa is in line with previous population data and biological understanding of lung cancer development.},
	author = {Pesch, Beate and Kendzia, Benjamin and Gustavsson, Per and J{\"o}ckel, Karl-Heinz and Johnen, Georg and Pohlabeln, Hermann and Olsson, Ann and Ahrens, Wolfgang and Gross, Isabelle Mercedes and Br{\"u}ske, Irene and Wichmann, Heinz-Erich and Merletti, Franco and Richiardi, Lorenzo and Simonato, Lorenzo and Fortes, Cristina and Siemiatycki, Jack and Parent, Marie-Elise and Consonni, Dario and Landi, Maria Teresa and Caporaso, Neil and Zaridze, David and Cassidy, Adrian and Szeszenia-Dabrowska, Neonila and Rudnai, Peter and Lissowska, Jolanta and St{\"u}cker, Isabelle and Fabianova, Eleonora and Dumitru, Rodica Stanescu and Bencko, Vladimir and Foretova, Lenka and Janout, Vladimir and Rudin, Charles M and Brennan, Paul and Boffetta, Paolo and Straif, Kurt and Br{\"u}ning, Thomas},
	date-added = {2018-11-12 13:26:47 -0800},
	date-modified = {2018-11-12 13:26:47 -0800},
	doi = {10.1002/ijc.27339},
	journal = {Int J Cancer},
	journal-full = {International journal of cancer},
	mesh = {Adenocarcinoma; Adolescent; Adult; Canada; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Case-Control Studies; Child; Europe; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Prevalence; Prognosis; Risk; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Smoking; Young Adult},
	month = {Sep},
	number = {5},
	pages = {1210-9},
	pmc = {PMC3296911},
	pmid = {22052329},
	pst = {ppublish},
	title = {Cigarette smoking and lung cancer--relative risk estimates for the major histological types from a pooled analysis of case-control studies},
	volume = {131},
	year = {2012},
	Bdsk-Url-1 = {https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.27339}}