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base64_example.py
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base64_example.py
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#!/usr/bin/python3
# hashing example in python 3
import base64
example_html = """<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html><head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"><meta name="description" content="GPU instances are intended for graphics and general purpose GPU compute applications."><title>Linux GPU Instances - Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud</title><link rel="home" href="#top" title="Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud"><link rel="up" href="instance-types.html" title="Instance Types"><link rel="prev" href="c4-instances.html" title="C4 Instances"><link rel="next" href="i2-instances.html" title="I2 Instances"><meta name="keywords" content=""><meta name="deployment_region" content="IAD"><meta name="product" content="Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud"><meta name="guide" content="User Guide for Linux Instances"><meta name="guide-locale" content="en_us"><link rel="icon" type="image/ico" href="//media.amazonwebservices.com/favicon.ico"><link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/ico" href="//media.amazonwebservices.com/favicon.ico"><link rel="canonical" href="http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/using_cluster_computing.html"><script type="text/javascript" src="https://media.amazonwebservices.com/amznUrchin.js" defer></script><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/jquery-ui.min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/font/css/font-awesome.min.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/google-font.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/highlight-default.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/jquery-ui.theme.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/colorbox.css"><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/awsdocs.css"><script type="text/javascript" src="/js/highlight.pack.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery-ui.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/js/handlebars.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/js/jquery.colorbox.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" src="/js/awsdocs.min.js"></script></head><body id="top"><div id="aws-nav" class="aws-nav-header"><div class="aws-nav-header-left"><div id="aws-nav-flyout-trigger" class="aws-nav-flyout-trigger"><i class="fa fa-bars fa-2x"></i>Menu</div><div class="aws-nav-logo"><a href="https://aws.amazon.com"><span>Amazon Web Services</span></a></div></div><div id="aws-nav-header-right" class="aws-nav-header-right"><div class="aws-nav-cta-button-outer"><a id="aws-nav-cta-button" class="aws-nav-button" href="https://console.aws.amazon.com/console/home">Sign In to the Console</a></div><div class="aws-nav-popover-trigger" data-dropdown="aws-nav-dropdown-lang"><select id="languageSelection" onchange="SelectLanguage()"><option value="/de_de/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/using_cluster_computing.html">Deutsch</option><option value="/en_us/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/using_cluster_computing.html" selected>English</option><option value="/es_es/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/using_cluster_computing.html">Español</option><option value="/fr_fr/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/using_cluster_computing.html">Français</option><option value="/ja_jp/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/using_cluster_computing.html">日本語</option><option value="/pt_br/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/using_cluster_computing.html">Português</option><option value="/ko_kr/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/using_cluster_computing.html">한국어</option><option value="/zh_cn/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/using_cluster_computing.html">中文 (简体)</option></select></div><div id="aws-nav-quicklinks-separator" class="aws-nav-quicklinks-separator"><div class="aws-nav-left"></div><div class="aws-nav-right"></div></div></div><div id="topnav-flyout-menu-container"><ul id="topnav-flyout-menu"><script id="flyout-item-template" type="text/x-handlebars-template">
{{#flyoutList}}
<li>{{listItem}}
{{#if subList}}
<ul>
{{#subList}}
<li class="awsdocs-flyout-link-wrapper"><a href="{{target}}">{{text}}</a></li>
{{/subList}}
</ul>
{{/if}}
</li>
{{/flyoutList}}
</script></ul><div id="topnav-flyout-menu-spacer"></div></div></div><script type="text/javascript"><!--
var thispage = "using_cluster_computing.html";
var tocroot = location.protocol + '//' + location.hostname + location.pathname;
--></script><div id="content-container"><div id="left-column" class="ui-resizable"><div id="left-col-header"><div id="left-col-top-content"><div id="service-name">Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud </div><div id="search"><i id="search-icon" class="fa fa-search fa-2x"></i></div><div id="guide-info">User Guide for Linux Instances<div id="content-button"><i id="toggle-contents" class="fa fa-bars"></i></div></div></div><form id="finegrainedSearch" method="get" onsubmit="return searchFormSubmit(this);" action="/search/doc-search.html"><div id="search-form"><select id="search-select" name="searchPath"><option value="all">Entire Site</option><option value="AWSMarketplace">AMIs from AWS Marketplace</option><option value="amis">AMIs from All Sources</option><option value="articles">Articles & Tutorials</option><option value="products_and_info">AWS Product Information</option><option value="case_studies">Case Studies</option><option value="customerapps">Customer Apps</option><option value="documentation">Documentation</option><option value="documentation-product">Documentation - This Product</option><option value="documentation-guide" selected>Documentation - This Guide</option><option value="datasets">Public Data Sets</option><option value="releasenotes">Release Notes</option><option value="solution_providers">Partners</option><option value="code">Sample Code & Libraries</option></select><br><input id="search-query" name="searchQuery" type="text" placholder="$loc-search-search"><input id="search-button" src="images/search-button.png" alt="Go" type="image"></div><input type="hidden" name="this_doc_product" id="this_doc_product" value="Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud"><input type="hidden" name="this_doc_guide" id="this_doc_guide" value="User Guide for Linux Instances"><input type="hidden" name="doc_locale" value="en_us"></form></div><div id="toc"><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="concepts.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-concepts.html');">What Is Amazon EC2?</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ec2-instances-and-amis.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ec2-instances-and-amis.html');">Instances and AMIs</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="using-regions-availability-zones.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-using-regions-availability-zones.html');">Regions and Availability Zones</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="RootDeviceStorage.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-RootDeviceStorage.html');">Root Device Volume</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="get-set-up-for-amazon-ec2.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-get-set-up-for-amazon-ec2.html');">Setting Up</a></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="EC2_GetStarted.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-EC2_GetStarted.html');">Getting Started</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ec2-launch-instance_linux.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ec2-launch-instance_linux.html');">Step 1: Launch an Instance</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ec2-connect-to-instance-linux.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ec2-connect-to-instance-linux.html');">Step 2: Connect to Your Instance</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ec2-add-volume-to-instance.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ec2-add-volume-to-instance.html');">Step 3: Add a Volume</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ec2-clean-up-your-instance.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ec2-clean-up-your-instance.html');">Step 4: Clean Up</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ec2-best-practices.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ec2-best-practices.html');">Best Practices</a></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="ec2-tutorials.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ec2-tutorials.html');">Tutorials</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="install-LAMP.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-install-LAMP.html');">Tutorial: Installing a LAMP Web Server on Amazon Linux</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="hosting-wordpress.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-hosting-wordpress.html');">Tutorial: Hosting a WordPress Blog</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="SSL-on-an-instance.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-SSL-on-an-instance.html');">Tutorial: Configure Apache Web Server on Amazon Linux to use
SSL/TLS</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="AMIs.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-AMIs.html');">Amazon Machine Images</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ComponentsAMIs.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ComponentsAMIs.html');">AMI Types</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="virtualization_types.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-virtualization_types.html');">Virtualization Types</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="finding-an-ami.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-finding-an-ami.html');">Finding a Linux AMI</a></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="sharing-amis.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-sharing-amis.html');">Shared AMIs</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="usingsharedamis-finding.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-usingsharedamis-finding.html');">Finding Shared AMIs</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="sharingamis-intro.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-sharingamis-intro.html');">Making an AMI Public</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="sharingamis-explicit.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-sharingamis-explicit.html');">Sharing an AMI with Specific AWS Accounts</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="using-bookmarks.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-using-bookmarks.html');">Using Bookmarks</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="building-shared-amis.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-building-shared-amis.html');">Guidelines for Shared Linux AMIs</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="paid-amis.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-paid-amis.html');">Paid AMIs</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="creating-an-ami-ebs.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-creating-an-ami-ebs.html');">Creating an Amazon EBS-Backed Linux AMI</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="creating-an-ami-instance-store.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-creating-an-ami-instance-store.html');">Creating an Instance Store-Backed Linux AMI</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="CopyingAMIs.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-CopyingAMIs.html');">Copying an AMI</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="deregister-ami.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-deregister-ami.html');">Deregistering Your AMI</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="AmazonLinuxAMIBasics.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-AmazonLinuxAMIBasics.html');">Amazon Linux</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="UserProvidedKernels.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-UserProvidedKernels.html');">PV-GRUB</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc opened"><a class="awstoc" href="Instances.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-Instances.html');">Instances</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc opened"><a class="awstoc" href="instance-types.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-instance-types.html');">Instance Types</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="t2-instances.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-t2-instances.html');">T2 Instances</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="c4-instances.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-c4-instances.html');">C4 Instances</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc selected" href="using_cluster_computing.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-using_cluster_computing.html');">GPU Instances</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="i2-instances.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-i2-instances.html');">I2 Instances</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="d2-instances.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-d2-instances.html');">D2 Instances</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="storage_instances.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-storage_instances.html');">HI1 Instances</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="high_storage_instances.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-high_storage_instances.html');">HS1 Instances</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="concepts_micro_instances.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-concepts_micro_instances.html');">T1 Micro Instances</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ec2-instance-resize.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ec2-instance-resize.html');">Resizing Instances</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="instance-purchasing-options.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-instance-purchasing-options.html');">Instance Purchasing Options</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="using-spot-instances.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-using-spot-instances.html');">Spot Instances</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="how-spot-instances-work.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-how-spot-instances-work.html');">How Spot Instances Work</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="spot-fleet.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-spot-fleet.html');">How Spot Fleet Works</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="using-spot-instances-history.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-using-spot-instances-history.html');">Spot Instance Pricing History</a></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="spot-requests.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-spot-requests.html');">Spot Instance Requests</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="spot-request-examples.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-spot-request-examples.html');">Example Launch Specifications</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="spot-fleet-requests.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-spot-fleet-requests.html');">Spot Fleet Requests</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="spot-fleet-examples.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-spot-fleet-examples.html');">Example Configurations</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="spot-bid-status.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-spot-bid-status.html');">Spot Bid Status</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="spot-interruptions.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-spot-interruptions.html');">Spot Instance Interruptions</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="spot-data-feeds.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-spot-data-feeds.html');">Spot Instance Data Feed</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="using-spot-limits.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-using-spot-limits.html');">Spot Instance Limits</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="concepts-on-demand-reserved-instances.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-concepts-on-demand-reserved-instances.html');">Reserved Instances</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="reserved-instances-fundamentals.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-reserved-instances-fundamentals.html');">How Reserved Instances Work</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="concepts-reserved-instances-application.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-concepts-reserved-instances-application.html');">Billing Benefits and Payment
Options</a></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="ri-market-concepts-buying.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ri-market-concepts-buying.html');">Buying Reserved Instances</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ri-market-buying-guide.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ri-market-buying-guide.html');">Buying in the Reserved Instance
Marketplace</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="ri-market-selling-guide.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ri-market-selling-guide.html');">Selling in the Reserved Instance Marketplace</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ri-market-seller-profile.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ri-market-seller-profile.html');">Registering as a Seller</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="ri-modifying.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ri-modifying.html');">Modifying Your Reserved Instances</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ri-modification-limits.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ri-modification-limits.html');">Requirements for Modification</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ri-modification-instancemove.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ri-modification-instancemove.html');">Changing the Instance Type of Your
Reservations</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ri-modification-process.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ri-modification-process.html');">Submitting Modification Requests</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ri-modification-process-messages.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ri-modification-process-messages.html');">Troubleshooting Modification
Requests</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="dedicated-hosts-overview.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-dedicated-hosts-overview.html');">Dedicated Hosts</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="how-dedicated-hosts-work.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-how-dedicated-hosts-work.html');">How to Use Dedicated Hosts</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="dedicated-hosts-instance-placement.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-dedicated-hosts-instance-placement.html');">Understanding Instance
Placement</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="dedicated-hosts-monitoring.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-dedicated-hosts-monitoring.html');">Monitoring Dedicated Hosts</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="ec2-instance-lifecycle.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ec2-instance-lifecycle.html');">Instance Lifecycle</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="LaunchingAndUsingInstances.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-LaunchingAndUsingInstances.html');">Launch</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="launching-instance.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-launching-instance.html');">Launching an Instance</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="launch-more-like-this.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-launch-more-like-this.html');">Launching an Instance From an Existing Instance</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="instance-launch-snapshot.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-instance-launch-snapshot.html');">Launching a Linux Instance from a Backup</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="launch-marketplace-console.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-launch-marketplace-console.html');">Launching an AWS Marketplace Instance</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="AccessingInstances.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-AccessingInstances.html');">Connect</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="AccessingInstancesLinux.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-AccessingInstancesLinux.html');">Connect Using SSH</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="putty.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-putty.html');">Connect Using PuTTY</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="mindterm.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-mindterm.html');">Connect Using MindTerm</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="Stop_Start.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-Stop_Start.html');">Stop and Start</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ec2-instance-reboot.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ec2-instance-reboot.html');">Reboot</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="instance-retirement.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-instance-retirement.html');">Retire</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="terminating-instances.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-terminating-instances.html');">Terminate</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ec2-instance-recover.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ec2-instance-recover.html');">Recover</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="Configure_Instance.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-Configure_Instance.html');">Configure Instances</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="managing-software.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-managing-software.html');">Managing Software</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="install-updates.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-install-updates.html');">Updating Instance Software</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="add-repositories.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-add-repositories.html');">Adding Repositories</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="find-software.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-find-software.html');">Finding Software Packages</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="install-software.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-install-software.html');">Installing Software Packages</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="compile-software.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-compile-software.html');">Preparing to Compile Software</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="managing-users.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-managing-users.html');">Managing Users</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="processor_state_control.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-processor_state_control.html');">Processor State Control</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="set-time.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-set-time.html');">Setting the Time</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="set-hostname.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-set-hostname.html');">Changing the Hostname</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="dynamic-dns.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-dynamic-dns.html');">Setting Up Dynamic DNS</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="user-data.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-user-data.html');">Running Commands at Launch</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ec2-instance-metadata.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ec2-instance-metadata.html');">Instance Metadata and User Data</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="instances_of_your_vm.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-instances_of_your_vm.html');">Importing and Exporting Instances</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="VMImportPrerequisites.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-VMImportPrerequisites.html');">Prerequisites</a></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="UsingImportImage.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-UsingImportImage.html');">Importing a VM into Amazon EC2 Using ImportImage</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="UploadVMImportImage.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-UploadVMImportImage.html');">Step 1: Install the AWS CLI</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="PrepareVMImportImage.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-PrepareVMImportImage.html');">Step 2: Prepare Your VM</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ExportVMImportImage.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ExportVMImportImage.html');">Step 3: Export Your VM from Its Virtual
Environment</a></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="ImportVMImportImage.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ImportVMImportImage.html');">Step 4: Importing Your VM into Amazon EC2</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="import-status-ImportImage.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-import-status-ImportImage.html');">Checking on the Status of Your Import
Image Task</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="import-volumes-ebs.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-import-volumes-ebs.html');">Importing Your Disk Images into Amazon EBS</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="cancel-import.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-cancel-import.html');">Canceling an Import Task</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="LaunchVMImportImage.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-LaunchVMImportImage.html');">Step 5: Launch the instance in Amazon EC2</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="UsingVirtualMachinesinAmazonEC2.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-UsingVirtualMachinesinAmazonEC2.html');">Importing a VM into Amazon EC2 Using
ImportInstance</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="UploadingYourInstancesandVolumes.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-UploadingYourInstancesandVolumes.html');">Step 1: Install the Amazon EC2 CLI</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="PreparingYourVirtualMachine.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-PreparingYourVirtualMachine.html');">Step 2: Prepare Your VM</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ExportingYourVM.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ExportingYourVM.html');">Step 3: Export Your VM from Its Virtual
Environment</a></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="ImportingYourVM.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ImportingYourVM.html');">Step 4: Importing Your VM into Amazon EC2</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="checking-on-the-status-of-your-import.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-checking-on-the-status-of-your-import.html');">Checking on the Status of
Your Import Task</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="importing-your-volumes-into-amazon-ebs.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-importing-your-volumes-into-amazon-ebs.html');">Importing Your Volumes into
Amazon EBS</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="restarting-an-upload.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-restarting-an-upload.html');">Resuming an Upload</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="canceling-an-upload.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-canceling-an-upload.html');">Canceling an Upload</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="cleaning-up-after-an-upload.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-cleaning-up-after-an-upload.html');">Cleaning Up After an Upload</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="LaunchingYourVM.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-LaunchingYourVM.html');">Step 5: Launch the instance in Amazon EC2</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ExportingEC2Instances.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ExportingEC2Instances.html');">Exporting Amazon EC2 Instances</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="VMImportTroubleshooting.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-VMImportTroubleshooting.html');">Troubleshooting</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="monitoring_ec2.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-monitoring_ec2.html');">Monitoring</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="monitoring_automated_manual.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-monitoring_automated_manual.html');">Automated and Manual Monitoring</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="monitoring_best_practices.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-monitoring_best_practices.html');">Best Practices for Monitoring</a></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="monitoring-instances-status-check.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-monitoring-instances-status-check.html');">Monitoring the Status of Your Instances</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="monitoring-system-instance-status-check.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-monitoring-system-instance-status-check.html');">Instance Status Checks</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="monitoring-instances-status-check_sched.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-monitoring-instances-status-check_sched.html');">Scheduled Events</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="using-cloudwatch.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-using-cloudwatch.html');">Monitoring Your Instances with CloudWatch</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="using-cloudwatch-new.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-using-cloudwatch-new.html');">Enabling or Disabling Detailed Monitoring on an Amazon EC2 Instance</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="viewing_metrics_with_cloudwatch.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-viewing_metrics_with_cloudwatch.html');">View Amazon EC2 Metrics</a></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="monitoring_get_statistics.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-monitoring_get_statistics.html');">Get Statistics for Metrics</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="US_SingleMetricPerInstance.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-US_SingleMetricPerInstance.html');">Get Statistics for a Specific EC2 Instance</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="GetSingleMetricAllDimensions.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-GetSingleMetricAllDimensions.html');">Aggregating Statistics Across Instances</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="GetMetricAutoScalingGroup.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-GetMetricAutoScalingGroup.html');">Get Statistics Aggregated by Auto Scaling Group</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="US_SingleMetricPerAMI.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-US_SingleMetricPerAMI.html');">Get Statistics Aggregated by Image (AMI) ID</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="graphs-in-the-aws-management-console.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-graphs-in-the-aws-management-console.html');">Graphing Metrics</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="graph_a_metric.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-graph_a_metric.html');">Graph a Metric</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="graph_a_metric_all_resources.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-graph_a_metric_all_resources.html');">Graph a Metric Across Resources</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="using-cloudwatch-createalarm.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-using-cloudwatch-createalarm.html');">Create a CloudWatch Alarm</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="US_AlarmAtThresholdEC2.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-US_AlarmAtThresholdEC2.html');">Send Email Based on CPU Usage Alarm</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="US_AlarmAtThresholdELB.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-US_AlarmAtThresholdELB.html');">Send Email Based on Load Balancer Alarm</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="US_AlarmAtThresholdEBS.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-US_AlarmAtThresholdEBS.html');">Send Email Based on Storage Throughput Alarm</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="UsingAlarmActions.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-UsingAlarmActions.html');">Create Alarms That Stop, Terminate, Reboot, or Recover an Instance</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="mon-scripts.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-mon-scripts.html');">Monitoring Memory and Disk Metrics</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="EC2_Network_and_Security.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-EC2_Network_and_Security.html');">Network and Security</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ec2-key-pairs.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ec2-key-pairs.html');">Key Pairs</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="using-network-security.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-using-network-security.html');">Security Groups</a></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="UsingIAM.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-UsingIAM.html');">Controlling Access</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="iam-policies-for-amazon-ec2.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-iam-policies-for-amazon-ec2.html');">IAM Policies</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="iam-policy-structure.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-iam-policy-structure.html');">Policy Structure</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ec2-supported-iam-actions-resources.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ec2-supported-iam-actions-resources.html');">Supported Resource-Level Permissions</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ExamplePolicies_EC2.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ExamplePolicies_EC2.html');">Example Policies for CLI or SDK</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="iam-policies-ec2-console.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-iam-policies-ec2-console.html');">Example Policies for the Console</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="iam-roles-for-amazon-ec2.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-iam-roles-for-amazon-ec2.html');">IAM Roles</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="authorizing-access-to-an-instance.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-authorizing-access-to-an-instance.html');">Network Access</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="using-vpc.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-using-vpc.html');">Amazon VPC</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ec2-supported-platforms.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ec2-supported-platforms.html');">Supported Platforms</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="vpc-classiclink.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-vpc-classiclink.html');">ClassicLink</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="vpc-migrate.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-vpc-migrate.html');">Migrating from EC2-Classic to a VPC</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="using-instance-addressing.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-using-instance-addressing.html');">Instance IP Addressing</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="MultipleIP.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-MultipleIP.html');">Multiple Private IP Addresses</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="elastic-ip-addresses-eip.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-elastic-ip-addresses-eip.html');">Elastic IP Addresses</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="using-eni.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-using-eni.html');">Elastic Network Interfaces</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="placement-groups.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-placement-groups.html');">Placement Groups</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="network_mtu.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-network_mtu.html');">Network MTU</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="enhanced-networking.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-enhanced-networking.html');">Enhanced Networking</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="Storage.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-Storage.html');">Storage</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="AmazonEBS.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-AmazonEBS.html');">Amazon EBS</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="EBSVolumes.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-EBSVolumes.html');">EBS Volumes</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="EBSVolumeTypes.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-EBSVolumeTypes.html');">EBS Volume Types</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ebs-creating-volume.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ebs-creating-volume.html');">Creating a Volume</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ebs-restoring-volume.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ebs-restoring-volume.html');">Restoring from a Snapshot</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ebs-attaching-volume.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ebs-attaching-volume.html');">Attaching a Volume to an Instance</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ebs-using-volumes.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ebs-using-volumes.html');">Making a Volume Available for Use</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ebs-describing-volumes.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ebs-describing-volumes.html');">Volume Information</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="monitoring-volume-status.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-monitoring-volume-status.html');">Monitoring the Status of Your Volumes</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ebs-detaching-volume.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ebs-detaching-volume.html');">Detaching a Volume from an Instance</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ebs-deleting-volume.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ebs-deleting-volume.html');">Deleting a Volume</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ebs-expand-volume.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ebs-expand-volume.html');">Expanding a Volume</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="storage_expand_partition.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-storage_expand_partition.html');">Expanding a Linux Partition</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="EBSSnapshots.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-EBSSnapshots.html');">EBS Snapshots</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ebs-creating-snapshot.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ebs-creating-snapshot.html');">Creating a Snapshot</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ebs-deleting-snapshot.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ebs-deleting-snapshot.html');">Deleting a Snapshot</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ebs-copy-snapshot.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ebs-copy-snapshot.html');">Copying a Snapshot</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ebs-describing-snapshots.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ebs-describing-snapshots.html');">Viewing Snapshot Information</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ebs-modifying-snapshot-permissions.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ebs-modifying-snapshot-permissions.html');">Sharing a Snapshot</a></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a 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onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ebs-io-characteristics.html');">I/O Characteristics</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ebs-workload-demand.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ebs-workload-demand.html');">Workload Demand</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ebs-initialize.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ebs-initialize.html');">Initialize Volumes</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="raid-config.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-raid-config.html');">RAID Configuration on Linux</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="benchmark_piops.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-benchmark_piops.html');">Benchmark Volumes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="InstanceStorage.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-InstanceStorage.html');">Instance Store</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="add-instance-store-volumes.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-add-instance-store-volumes.html');">Add Instance Store Volumes</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ssd-instance-store.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ssd-instance-store.html');">SSD Instance Store Volumes</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a 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class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="resources.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-resources.html');">Resource Locations</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="Using_Filtering.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-Using_Filtering.html');">Listing and Filtering Your Resources</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="Using_Tags.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-Using_Tags.html');">Tagging Your Resources</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="ec2-resource-limits.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ec2-resource-limits.html');">Service Limits</a></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="usage-reports.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-usage-reports.html');">Usage Reports</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="usage-reports-instance.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-usage-reports-instance.html');">Instance Usage</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="usage-reports-ri.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-usage-reports-ri.html');">Reserved Instance Utilization</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li class="awstoc closed"><a class="awstoc" href="ec2-instance-troubleshoot.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-ec2-instance-troubleshoot.html');">Troubleshooting</a><ul class="awstoc"><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="Using_InstanceStraightToTerminated.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-Using_InstanceStraightToTerminated.html');">Launching Your Instance</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="TroubleshootingInstancesConnecting.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-TroubleshootingInstancesConnecting.html');">Connecting to Your Instance</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="TroubleshootingInstancesStopping.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-toc', 'aws-docs-click', tocroot + '-TroubleshootingInstancesStopping.html');">Stopping Your Instance</a></li><li class="awstoc leaf"><a class="awstoc" href="TroubleshootingInstancesShuttingDown.html" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || 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which provide access to NVIDIA GPUs with up to 1,536 CUDA cores and 4 GB of video memory.
You can use GPU instances to accelerate many scientific, engineering, and rendering applications
by leveraging the Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA) or OpenCL parallel computing frameworks.
You can also use them for graphics applications, including game streaming, 3-D application streaming,
and other graphics workloads.</p><p>GPU instances run as HVM-based instances. Hardware virtual machine (HVM)
virtualization uses hardware-assist technology provided by the AWS
platform. With HVM virtualization, the guest VM runs as if it were
on a native hardware platform, except that it still uses paravirtual
(PV) network and storage drivers for improved performance. This enables
Amazon EC2 to provide dedicated access to one or more discrete GPUs in each GPU instance.</p><p>You can cluster GPU instances into a placement group. Placement groups provide low latency
and high-bandwidth connectivity between the instances within a single Availability Zone. For
more information, see <a class="xref" href="placement-groups.html" title="Placement Groups">Placement Groups</a>.</p><div class="highlights"><p><strong>Contents</strong></p><ul><li><a href="using_cluster_computing.html#gpu-instance-specifications">Hardware Specifications</a></li><li><a href="using_cluster_computing.html#gpu-instance-current-limitations">GPU Instance Limitations</a></li><li><a href="using_cluster_computing.html#gpu-operating-systems">AMIs for GPU Instances</a></li><li><a href="using_cluster_computing.html#install-nvidia-driver">Installing the NVIDIA Driver on Linux</a></li></ul></div><p>For information about Windows GPU Instances, see
<a class="ulink" href="http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/WindowsGuide/using_cluster_computing.html" target="_blank">Windows GPU Instances</a>
in the <span class="emphasis"><em>Amazon EC2 User Guide for Microsoft Windows Instances</em></span>.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both" id="gpu-instance-specifications">Hardware Specifications</h2></div></div></div><p>For more information about the hardware specifications for each Amazon EC2 instance type,
see <a class="ulink" href="http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/instance-types/" target="_blank">Amazon EC2 Instances</a>.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both" id="gpu-instance-current-limitations">GPU Instance Limitations</h2></div></div></div><p>GPU instances have the following limitations:</p><div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" type="disc"><li class="listitem"><p>You must launch the instance using an HVM AMI.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>They can't access the GPU unless the NVIDIA drivers are installed.</p></li><li class="listitem"><p>There is a limit on the number of instances that you can run. For more information, see
<a class="ulink" href="http://aws.amazon.com/ec2/faqs/#How_many_instances_can_I_run_in_Amazon_EC2" target="_blank">How many instances can I run in Amazon EC2?</a> in the Amazon EC2 FAQ.
To request an increase in these limits, use the following form:
<a class="ulink" href="https://console.aws.amazon.com/support/home#/case/create?issueType=service-limit-increase&limitType=service-code-ec2-instances" target="_blank">Request to Increase Amazon EC2 Instance Limit</a>.</p></li></ul></div></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both" id="gpu-operating-systems">AMIs for GPU Instances</h2></div></div></div><p>To help you get started, NVIDIA provides AMIs for GPU instances. These
reference AMIs include the NVIDIA driver, which enables full functionality and
performance of the NVIDIA GPUs. For a list of AMIs with the NVIDIA driver, see <a class="ulink" href="http://aws.amazon.com/marketplace/search/results/?searchTerms=NVIDIAGRID" target="_blank">AWS
Marketplace (NVIDIA GRID)</a>.</p><p>You can launch CG1 and G2 instances using any HVM AMI.</p></div><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both" id="install-nvidia-driver">Installing the NVIDIA Driver on Linux</h2></div></div></div><p>A GPU instance must have the appropriate NVIDIA driver. The NVIDIA driver you install
must be compiled against the kernel that you intend to run on your instance.</p><p>Amazon provides AMIs with updated and compatible builds of the NVIDIA kernel drivers for
each official kernel upgrade in the AWS Marketplace. If you decide to use a different NVIDIA
driver version than the one that Amazon provides, or decide to use a kernel that's not
an official Amazon build, you must uninstall the Amazon-provided NVIDIA packages from
your system to avoid conflicts with the versions of the drivers that you are trying to
install.</p><p>Use this command to uninstall Amazon-provided NVIDIA packages:</p><pre class="programlisting"><code class="nohighlight">[ec2-user ~]$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sudo yum erase nvidia cuda</code></strong></code></pre><p>The Amazon-provided CUDA toolkit package has dependencies on the NVIDIA drivers.
Uninstalling the NVIDIA packages erases the CUDA toolkit. You must reinstall
the CUDA toolkit after installing the NVIDIA driver.</p><p>You can download NVIDIA drivers from <a class="ulink" href="http://www.nvidia.com/Download/Find.aspx" target="_blank">http://www.nvidia.com/Download/Find.aspx</a>. Select the appropriate driver for
your instance:</p><div class="table"><a name="d0e13430"></a><p class="title"><b>G2 Instances</b></p><div class="table-contents"><table id="d0e13433" summary="G2 Instances" cellspacing="0" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong>Product Type</strong></span></td><td>GRID</td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong>Product Series</strong></span></td><td>GRID Series</td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong>Product</strong></span></td><td>GRID K520</td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong>Operating System</strong></span></td><td>Linux 64-bit</td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong>Recommended/Beta</strong></span></td><td>Recommended/Certified</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><p><br class="table-break">
</p><div class="table"><a name="d0e13468"></a><p class="title"><b>CG1 Instances</b></p><div class="table-contents"><table id="d0e13471" summary="CG1 Instances" cellspacing="0" border="1"><colgroup><col class="c1"><col class="c2"></colgroup><tbody><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong>Product Type</strong></span></td><td>Tesla</td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong>Product Series</strong></span></td><td>M-Class</td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong>Product</strong></span></td><td>M2050</td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong>Operating System</strong></span></td><td>Linux 64-bit</td></tr><tr><td><span class="bold"><strong>Recommended/Beta</strong></span></td><td>Recommended/Certified</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><p><br class="table-break">For more information about installing and configuring the driver, open the
<span class="guilabel">ADDITIONAL INFORMATION</span> tab on the download page for the driver
on the NVIDIA website and click the README link.</p><div class="section"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title" id="Cluster_GPUs_Manual_Install_Driver">Install the NVIDIA Driver Manually </h3></div></div></div><div class="procedure"><a name="d0e13512"></a><p class="title"><b>To install the driver for an Amazon Linux AMI</b></p><ol class="procedure" type="1"><li class="step"><p>Run the <span class="command"><strong>yum update</strong></span> command to get the latest versions
of packages for your
instance.</p><pre class="programlisting"><code class="nohighlight">[ec2-user ~]$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sudo yum update -y</code></strong></code></pre></li><li class="step"><p>Reboot your instance to load the latest kernel
version.</p><pre class="programlisting"><code class="nohighlight">[ec2-user ~]$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sudo reboot</code></strong></code></pre></li><li class="step"><p>Reconnect to your instance after it has rebooted.</p></li><li class="step"><p>Install the "Development tools" package
group.</p><pre class="programlisting"><code class="nohighlight">[ec2-user ~]$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sudo yum groupinstall -y "Development tools"</code></strong></code></pre></li><li class="step"><p>Make sure the <code class="code">kernel-devel</code> package is installed and matches the version of
the kernel you are currently running.</p><pre class="programlisting"><code class="nohighlight">[ec2-user ~]$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sudo yum install kernel-devel-`uname -r`</code></strong></code></pre></li><li class="step"><p>Download the driver package that you identified earlier. For example, the following
command downloads the 340.46 version of the G2 instance
driver.</p><pre class="programlisting"><code class="nohighlight">[ec2-user ~]$ <strong class="userinput"><code>wget <em class="replaceable"><code>http://us.download.nvidia.com/XFree86/Linux-x86_64/340.46/NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-340.46.run</code></em></code></strong></code></pre></li><li class="step"><p>Run the self-install script to install the NVIDIA driver. For example:</p><pre class="programlisting"><code class="nohighlight">[ec2-user ~]$ <strong class="userinput"><code>sudo /bin/bash ./<em class="replaceable"><code>NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-340.46.run</code></em></code></strong></code></pre></li><li class="step"><p>Reboot the instance. For more information, see <a class="xref" href="ec2-instance-reboot.html" title="Reboot Your Instance">Reboot Your Instance</a>.</p></li><li class="step"><p>Confirm that the driver is functional.
The response for the following command lists the installed NVIDIA driver version and details about the GPUs.</p><pre class="programlisting"><code class="nohighlight">[ec2-user ~]$ <strong class="userinput"><code>nvidia-smi -q | head</code></strong>
==============NVSMI LOG==============
Timestamp : Thu Oct 2 17:28:29 2014
Driver Version : 340.46
Attached GPUs : 1
GPU 0000:00:03.0
Product Name : GRID K520
Product Brand : Grid</code></pre></li></ol></div></div></div></div></div><img src="images/expanderarrow.png" style="display:none;height:0;width:0"><div id="main-col-footer"><div id="doc-conventions"><a target="_top" href="/general/latest/gr/docconventions.html">Document Conventions</a></div><div id="next"><a class="awstoc" accesskey="p" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-previous', 'aws-docs-click', location.protocol + '//' + location.hostname + '/c4-instances.html');" href="c4-instances.html">« Previous </a><a class="awstoc" accesskey="n" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-next', 'aws-docs-click', location.protocol + '//' + location.hostname + '/i2-instances.html');" href="i2-instances.html">Next »</a></div></div></div></div><div id="right-expanded"><div id="right-content-wrapper"><div id="right-col-header"><a id="pdf_link" href="ec2-ug.pdf" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-pdf-link', 'aws-docs-click', 'ec2-ug.pdf');"> PDF </a><text> | </text><a target="_blank" href="http://www.amazon.com/dp/B007Q4H9JI" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-kindle-link', 'aws-docs-click', 'http://www.amazon.com/dp/B007Q4H9JI');">Kindle </a></div><div id="pagetoc"><p>On this page:</p><ul class="pagetoc"><li class="pagetoc" name="Hardware Specifications"><a class="pagetoc" href="#gpu-instance-specifications">Hardware Specifications</a></li><li class="pagetoc" name="GPU Instance Limitations"><a class="pagetoc" href="#gpu-instance-current-limitations">GPU Instance Limitations</a></li><li class="pagetoc" name="AMIs for GPU Instances"><a class="pagetoc" href="#gpu-operating-systems">AMIs for GPU Instances</a></li><li class="pagetoc" name="Installing the NVIDIA Driver on Linux"><a class="pagetoc" href="#install-nvidia-driver">Installing the NVIDIA Driver on Linux</a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div><div id="footer"><div id="footer-left"><a target="_top" href="http://aws.amazon.com/terms">Terms of Use</a> | © 2015, Amazon Web Services, Inc. or its affiliates. All rights reserved.</div><div id="footer-right"><div id="feedback"><div id="forums"><a id="forum_link" target="_blank" href="http://forums.aws.amazon.com/forum.jspa?forumID=30" onclick="location.hostname.substring(0,5)!=='docs.' || __utmTrackEvent('aws-docs-forums-link', 'aws-docs-click', 'http://forums.aws.amazon.com/forum.jspa?forumID=30');">Have a question? Try the Forums.</a></div><div id="feedback-message">Did this page help you?</div><div id="feedback-yesno-buttons"><a class="awstoc btn btn-default" target="_blank" href="feedbackyes.html?topic_id=using_cluster_computing">Yes</a><a class="awstoc btn btn-default" target="_blank" href="feedbackno.html?topic_id=using_cluster_computing">No</a></div><div id="feedback-feedback-button"><a class="awstoc btn btn-default" target="_blank" href="https://docs.aws.amazon.com/forms/aws-doc-feedback?hidden_service_name=EC2&hidden_guide_name=User Guide for Linux Instances&hidden_api_version=&hidden_file_name=using_cluster_computing">Feedback</a></div></div></div></div><noscript><div><div><div><div id="error_messages"><img src="https://d1ge0kk1l5kms0.cloudfront.net/images/G/01/webservices/console/warning.png" style="float: left;" alt="Warning"><div id="js_error_message"><strong>Javascript is disabled or is unavailable in your browser.</strong><br> To use the AWS Documentation, Javascript must be enabled. Please refer to your browser's Help pages for instructions. </div></div></div></div></div></noscript><!-- SiteCatalyst code version: H.25.2.
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