gh-36983: Prepare python3 `spkg-configure.m4` for Python 3.12 (setuptools instead of distutils)
    
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- Cherry-picked from #36181

This PR does not change what versions are accepted!
To test with Python 3.12, still need to adjust the version bound set in
`build/pkgs/python3/spkg-configure.m4`.

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### ⌛ Dependencies

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- Depends on #36957 (merged here to resolve merge conflict)

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URL: #36983
Reported by: Matthias Köppe
Reviewer(s): Gonzalo Tornaría, Matthias Köppe

Author: Release Manager

build/pkgs/_python3.12/distros/debian.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
 python3.12
 python3.12-dev
-python3.12-distutils
 python3.12-venv

build/pkgs/python3/SPKG.rst

@@ -8,16 +8,15 @@ By default, Sage will try to use system's ``python3`` to set up a virtual
 environment, a.k.a. `venv <https://docs.python.org/3.10/library/venv.html>`_
 rather than building a Python 3 installation from scratch.
 
-Sage will accept versions 3.9.x to 3.10.x.
+Sage will accept versions 3.9.x to 3.11.x.
 
 You can also use ``--with-python=/path/to/python3_binary`` to tell Sage to use
 ``/path/to/python3_binary`` to set up the venv. Note that setting up the venv requires
 a number of Python modules to be available within the Python in question. Currently,
-as of Sage 9.7, these modules are as follows: ``sqlite3``, ``ctypes``, ``math``,
-``hashlib``, ``socket``, ``zlib``, ``distutils.core``, ``ssl`` -
-they will be checked for by the ``configure`` script.
+as of Sage 10.3, these modules are as follows: ``sqlite3``, ``ctypes``, ``math``,
+``hashlib``, ``socket``, ``zlib``, ``ssl``, ``ensurepip``.
 
-Use the ``configure`` option ``--without-system-python3`` in case you want Python 3
+Use the ``configure`` option ``--without-system-python3`` if you want Python 3
 built from scratch.
 
 

build/pkgs/python3/distros/alpine.txt

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 python3-dev
+py3-setuptools

build/pkgs/python3/distros/debian.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
 python3
 libpython3-dev
-python3-distutils
+python3-setuptools
 python3-venv

build/pkgs/python3/distros/fedora.txt

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 python3-devel
+python-setuptools

build/pkgs/python3/distros/freebsd.txt

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 lang/python
+devel/py-setuptools

build/pkgs/python3/distros/homebrew.txt

@@ -1,2 +1,3 @@
 # This installs /usr/local/bin/python3 -> python3.9
 python3
+python-setuptools

build/pkgs/python3/distros/macports.txt

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 python310
+py-setuptools

build/pkgs/python3/distros/opensuse.txt

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 python3${PYTHON_MINOR}-devel
+python3${PYTHON_MINOR}-setuptools

build/pkgs/python3/distros/void.txt

@@ -1 +1,2 @@
 python3-devel
+python3-setuptools