Update to Chapter 14

Author: s1len0eye

Chapter 14/14.2-14.3/Rectangle.py

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+import pygame
+from pygame.sprite import Sprite
+
+class Rectangle():
+    """表示单个矩形的类"""
+    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen):
+        """初始化矩形并设置其起始位置"""
+        self.ai_settings = ai_settings
+        self.screen = screen
+        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
+        # 设置矩形的尺寸和其他属性
+        self.width, self.height = 50, 200
+        self.rect_color = (0, 255, 0)
+        # 创建矩形使其居中
+        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height)
+        self.rect.centery = self.screen_rect.centery
+        self.rect.right = self.screen_rect.right
+        self.y = float(self.rect.y)
+         
+    def draw_rect(self):
+        # 绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮，再绘制文本
+        self.screen.fill(self.rect_color, self.rect)
+        
+    def check_edges(self):
+        """如果矩形位于屏幕边缘，就返回True"""
+        screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
+        if self.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
+            return True
+        elif self.rect.top <= 0:
+            return True
+        else:
+            return False
+    
+    def update(self):
+        self.y += (self.ai_settings.rect_speed_factor * 
+                self.ai_settings.rect_direction)
+        self.rect.y = self.y
+        
+    def center_rect(self):
+        self.center = self.screen_rect.centery

Chapter 14/14.2-14.3/bullet.py

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+import pygame
+from pygame.sprite import Sprite
+
+class Bullet(Sprite):
+    """一个对飞船发射的子弹进行管理的类"""
+    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, ship):
+        """在飞船所在位置创建一个子弹对象"""
+        super().__init__()
+        self.screen = screen
+        # 在（0,0）处创建一个表示子弹的矩形，再设置正确的位置
+        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, ai_settings.bullet_width,
+                        ai_settings.bullet_height)
+        self.rect.centery = ship.rect.centery
+        self.rect.right = ship.rect.right
+        # 存储用小数表示的子弹位置
+        self.x = float(self.rect.x)
+        
+        self.color = ai_settings.bullet_color
+        self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor
+    def update(self):
+        """向上移动子弹"""
+        # 更新表示子弹位置的小数值
+        self.x += self.speed_factor
+        # 更新表示子弹的rect的位置
+        self.rect.x = self.x
+        
+    def draw_bullet(self):
+        """在屏幕上绘制子弹"""
+        pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)

Chapter 14/14.2-14.3/button.py

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+import pygame.font
+
+class Button():
+    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, msg):
+        """初始化按钮的属性"""
+        self.screen = screen
+        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
+        # 设置按钮的尺寸和其他属性
+        self.width, self.height = 200, 50
+        self.button_color = (0, 255, 0)
+        self.text_color = (255, 255, 255)
+        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)
+        # 创建按钮的rect对象，并使其居中
+        self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height)
+        self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center
+        # 按钮标签只需创建一次
+        self.prep_msg(msg)
+        
+    def prep_msg(self, msg):
+        """将msg渲染为图像，并使其在按钮上居中"""
+        self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg, True, self.text_color,
+                    self.button_color)
+        self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
+        self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.center
+        
+    def draw_button(self):
+        # 绘制一个用颜色填充的按钮，再绘制文本
+        self.screen.fill(self.button_color, self.rect)
+        self.screen.blit(self.msg_image, self.msg_image_rect)

Chapter 14/14.2-14.3/game_functions.py

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+import sys
+from time import sleep
+import pygame
+from random import randint
+
+from bullet import Bullet
+from Rectangle import Rectangle
+
+def fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
+    """如果还没有达到限制，就发射一颗子弹"""
+    # 创建新子弹，并将其加入到编组bullets中
+    if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed:
+        new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)
+        bullets.add(new_bullet)
+
+def check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):
+    """响应按键"""
+    if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
+        ship.moving_down = True
+    elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
+        ship.moving_up = True
+    elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
+        fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
+    elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
+        sys.exit()
+    
+def check_keyup_events(event, ai_settings, screen, stats, ship, 
+            rect, bullets):
+    """响应松开"""
+    if event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
+        ship.moving_down = False
+    elif event.key == pygame.K_UP:
+        ship.moving_up = False
+    elif event.key == pygame.K_p and not stats.game_active:
+        start_game(ai_settings, screen, stats, ship, rect, bullets)
+
+def start_game(ai_settings, screen, stats, ship, rect, bullets):
+    ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
+    # 隐藏光标
+    pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
+    # 重置游戏统计信息
+    stats.reset_stats()
+    stats.game_active = True
+    #清空子弹列表
+    bullets.empty()
+    # 矩形居中，并让飞船居中
+    rect.center_rect()
+    ship.center_ship()
+
+def check_play_button(ai_settings, screen, stats, play_button, 
+        ship, rect, bullets, mouse_x, mouse_y):
+    """在玩家单击play按钮时开始新游戏"""
+    button_clicked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x, mouse_y)
+    if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:
+        start_game(ai_settings, screen, stats, ship, rect, bullets)
+
+def check_events(ai_settings, screen, stats, play_button, ship, 
+            rect, bullets):
+    """响应按键和鼠标事件"""
+    for event in pygame.event.get():
+        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
+            sys.exit()
+        elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
+            check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)
+        elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
+            check_keyup_events(event, ai_settings, screen, stats, ship, 
+                    rect, bullets)
+        elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
+            mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
+            check_play_button(ai_settings, screen, stats, play_button, 
+                ship, rect, bullets, mouse_x, mouse_y)
+            
+def update_screen(ai_settings, screen, stats, ship, rect, bullets, 
+            play_button):
+    """更新屏幕上的图像，并切换到新屏幕"""
+    # 每次循环时都重绘屏幕
+    screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)
+    ship.blitme()
+    # 在飞船和外星人后面重绘所有子弹
+    for bullet in bullets.sprites():
+        bullet.draw_bullet()
+    rect.draw_rect()
+    # 如果游戏处于非活动状态，就绘制Play按钮
+    if not stats.game_active:
+        play_button.draw_button()
+    # 让最近绘制的屏幕可见
+    pygame.display.flip()
+    
+def check_bullet_rect_collisions(ai_settings, screen, ship, rect, bullets):
+    """响应子弹和矩形的碰撞"""
+    collision = pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(rect, bullets)
+    # 改变矩形的颜色，删除子弹
+    if collision:
+        ai_settings.increase_speed()
+        bullets.remove(collision)
+        rect.rect_color = (randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255), randint(0, 255))
+
+def update_bullets(ai_settings, screen, stats, ship, rect, bullets):
+    """更新子弹的位置，并删除已消失子弹"""
+    # 更新子弹位置
+    bullets.update()
+    # 删除已消失子弹
+    for bullet in bullets.copy():
+        if bullet.rect.right >= screen.get_rect().right:
+            if stats.ships_left > 0:
+                stats.ships_left -= 1
+                bullets.remove(bullet)
+            else:
+                stats.game_active = False
+                pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)
+    check_bullet_rect_collisions(ai_settings, screen, ship, rect, bullets)
+            
+def change_rect_direction(ai_settings, rect):
+    ai_settings.rect_direction *= -1
+
+def check_rect_edges(ai_settings, rect):
+    if rect.check_edges():
+        change_rect_direction(ai_settings, rect)
+
+def update_rect(ai_settings, stats, screen, ship, rect, bullets):
+    check_rect_edges(ai_settings, rect)
+    rect.update()
+

Chapter 14/14.2-14.3/game_stats.py

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+class GameStats():
+    """跟踪游戏的统计信息"""
+    def __init__(self, ai_settings):
+        """初始化统计信息"""
+        self.ai_settings = ai_settings
+        self.reset_stats()
+        # 游戏刚启动时处于活动状态
+        self.game_active = False
+    
+    def reset_stats(self):
+        """初始化在游戏运行期间可能变化的统计信息"""
+        self.ships_left = self.ai_settings.ship_limit

Chapter 14/14.2-14.3/images/ship.bmp

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+class Settings():
+    """存储 外星人入侵 的所有设置的类"""
+    def __init__(self):
+        """初始化游戏设置"""
+        # 屏幕设置
+        self.screen_width = 800
+        self.screen_height = 600
+        self.bg_color = (230, 230, 230)
+        # 飞船设置
+        self.ship_limit = 3
+        # 子弹设置
+        self.bullet_width = 15
+        self.bullet_height = 3
+        self.bullet_color = 60, 60, 60
+        self.bullets_allowed = 3
+        # 以什么样的速度加快游戏节奏
+        self.speedup_scale = 1.1
+        self.initialize_dynamic_settings()
+        
+    def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
+        """初始化随游戏进行而变化的设置"""
+        self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5
+        self.bullet_speed_factor = 3
+        self.rect_speed_factor = 0.3
+        self.rect_direction = 1
+        
+    def increase_speed(self):
+        """提高速度设置"""
+        self.ship_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
+        self.bullet_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
+        self.rect_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale

Chapter 14/14.2-14.3/settings.py

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+import pygame
+
+class Ship():
+    def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen):
+        """初始化飞船并设置其初始位置"""
+        self.screen = screen
+        self.ai_settings = ai_settings
+        # 加载飞船图像并获取其外接矩形
+        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/ship.bmp')
+        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
+        self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
+        # 将每艘新飞船放在屏幕底部中央
+        self.rect.centery = self.screen_rect.centery
+        self.rect.left = self.screen_rect.left
+        # 在飞船的属性center中存储小数值
+        self.center = float(self.rect.centery)
+        # 移动标志
+        self.moving_up = False
+        self.moving_down = False
+        
+    def update(self):
+        """根据移动标志调整飞船的位置"""
+        # 更新飞船的center值，而不是rect
+        if self.moving_down and self.rect.bottom < self.screen_rect.bottom:
+            self.center += self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
+        if self.moving_up and self.rect.top > 0:
+            self.center -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
+        # 根据self.center更新rect对象
+        self.rect.centery = self.center
+        
+    def blitme(self):
+        """在指定位置绘制飞船"""
+        self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)
+        
+    def center_ship(self):
+        """让飞船在屏幕居中"""
+        self.center = self.screen_rect.centery

Chapter 14/14.2-14.3/ship.py

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+import sys
+import pygame
+
+from settings import Settings
+from game_stats import GameStats
+from button import Button
+from ship import Ship
+import game_functions as gf
+from Rectangle import Rectangle
+
+def run_game():
+    # 初始化游戏、设置和屏幕对象
+    pygame.init()
+    ai_settings = Settings()
+    screen = pygame.display.set_mode(
+            (ai_settings.screen_width, ai_settings.screen_height))
+    pygame.display.set_caption("Shooting")
+    # 创建Play按钮
+    play_button = Button(ai_settings, screen, "Play")
+    # 创建一个用于存储游戏统计信息的实例
+    stats = GameStats(ai_settings)
+    # 创建一艘飞船、一个子弹编组和一个矩形
+    ship = Ship(ai_settings, screen)
+    bullets = pygame.sprite.Group()
+    rect = Rectangle(ai_settings, screen)
+
+    # 开始游戏主循环
+    while True:
+        gf.check_events(ai_settings, screen, stats, play_button, ship, 
+                    rect, bullets)
+        if stats.game_active:
+            ship.update()
+            gf.update_bullets(ai_settings, screen, stats, ship, rect, bullets)
+            gf.update_rect(ai_settings, stats, screen, ship, rect, bullets)
+        gf.update_screen(ai_settings, screen, stats, ship, rect, bullets,
+                        play_button)
+        
+run_game()