sunposition is a python module for computing the sun's position based on the algorithms from "Solar position algorithm for solar radiation applications" by Ibrahim Reda and Afshin Anreas, Solar Energy (2004).
The algorithm calculates "the solar zenith and azimuth angles in the period from the year −2000 to 6000, with uncertainties of ±0.0003°".
See http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2003.12.003 for more information.
In this code, the latitude and longitude are positive for North and East, respectively. The azimuth angle is 0 at North and positive towards the east. The zenith angle is 0 at vertical and positive towards the horizon.
The code is hosted at https://github.com/s-bear/sun-position
The module is a single python file sunposition.py and may be used as a command-line utility or imported into a script.
sunposition is hosted at https://pypi.org/project/sunposition/ and may be installed using pip:
$ pip install sunposition
$ sunposition --help
usage: sunposition [-h] [--test TEST] [--version] [--citation] [-t TIME] [-lat LATITUDE] [-lon LONGITUDE]
[-e ELEVATION] [-T TEMPERATURE] [-p PRESSURE] [-a ATMOS_REFRACT] [-dt DT] [-r] [--csv] [--jit]
Compute sun position parameters given the time and location
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--test TEST Test against output from https://midcdmz.nrel.gov/solpos/spa.html
--version show program's version number and exit
--citation Print citation information
-t TIME, --time TIME "now" or date and time (UTC) in "YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss.ssssss" format or a (UTC) POSIX timestamp
-lat LATITUDE, --latitude LATITUDE
observer latitude, in decimal degrees, positive for north
-lon LONGITUDE, --longitude LONGITUDE
observer longitude, in decimal degrees, positive for east
-e ELEVATION, --elevation ELEVATION
observer elevation, in meters
-T TEMPERATURE, --temperature TEMPERATURE
temperature, in degrees celcius
-p PRESSURE, --pressure PRESSURE
atmospheric pressure, in millibar
-a ATMOS_REFRACT, --atmos_refract ATMOS_REFRACT
atmospheric refraction at sunrise and sunset, in degrees
-dt DT difference between earth's rotation time (TT) and universal time (UT1)
-r, --radians Output in radians instead of degrees
--csv Comma separated values (time,dt,lat,lon,elev,temp,pressure,az,zen,RA,dec,H)
--jit Enable Numba acceleration (jit compilation time may overwhelm speed-up)
$ sunposition
Computing sun position at T = 2021-05-21 06:47:44.644873 + 0.0 s
Lat, Lon, Elev = 51.48 deg, 0.0 deg, 0 m
T, P = 14.6 C, 1013.0 mbar
Results:
Azimuth, zenith = 86.68229367131721 deg, 66.38510410296101 deg
RA, dec, H = 58.28648711185745 deg, 20.241411055526044 deg, 282.7836435018984 deg
$ sunposition -t "1953-05-29 05:45:00" -lat 27.9881 -lon 86.9253 -e 8848
Computing sun position at T = 1953-05-29 05:45:00 + 0.0 s
Lat, Lon, Elev = 27.9881 deg, 86.9253 deg, 8848.0 m
T, P = 14.6 C, 1013.0 mbar
Results:
Azimuth, zenith = 137.73675146015 deg, 8.481271417778686 deg
RA, dec, H = 65.7605040841157 deg, 21.576417030912577 deg, 353.8751689030205 deg
An example test file is provided at https://raw.githubusercontent.com/s-bear/sun-position/master/sunposition_test.txt
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#sunposition will use numba.jit if available, which may negatively
#impact performance if few positions are being computed.
#To disable jit, before importing sunposition, either set
#the environment variable NUMBA_DISABLE_JIT to 1 or
#set numba.config.DISABLE_JIT = False
# e.g. import os; os.environ['NUMBA_DISABLE_JIT'] = 1
# or import numba; numba.config.DISABLE_JIT = True
from sunposition import sunpos
from datetime import datetime
#evaluate on a 2 degree grid
lon = np.linspace(-180,180,181)
lat = np.linspace(-90,90,91)
LON, LAT = np.meshgrid(lon,lat)
#at the current time
now = datetime.utcnow()
az,zen = sunpos(now,LAT,LON,0)[:2] #discard RA, dec, H
#convert zenith to elevation
elev = 90 - zen
#convert azimuth to vectors
u, v = np.cos((90-az)*np.pi/180), np.sin((90-az)*np.pi/180)
#plot
fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(6,3),layout='constrained')
img = ax.imshow(elev,cmap=plt.cm.CMRmap,origin='lower',vmin=-90,vmax=90,extent=(-181,181,-91,91))
s = slice(5,-1,5) # equivalent to 5:-1:5
ax.quiver(lon[s],lat[s],u[s,s],v[s,s],pivot='mid',scale_units='xy')
ax.contour(lon,lat,elev,[0])
ax.set_aspect('equal')
ax.set_xticks(np.arange(-180,181,45))
ax.set_yticks(np.arange(-90,91,45))
ax.set_xlabel('Longitude (deg)')
ax.set_ylabel('Latitude (deg)')
cb = plt.colorbar(img,ax=ax,shrink=0.8,pad=0.03)
cb.set_label('Sun Elevation (deg)')
#display plot
plt.show() #unnecessary in interactive sessionsIbrahim Reda, Afshin Andreas, Solar position algorithm for solar radiation applications, Solar Energy, Volume 76, Issue 5, 2004, Pages 577-589, ISSN 0038-092X, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2003.12.003. Keywords: Global solar irradiance; Solar zenith angle; Solar azimuth angle; VSOP87 theory; Universal time; ΔUT1
Copyright (c) 2023 Samuel Bear Powell, samuel.powell@uq.edu.au
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