Remove -Zcgu-partitioning-strategy.

This option was introduced three years ago, but it's never been
meaningfully used, and `default` is the only acceptable value.

Also, I think the `Partition` trait presents an interface that is too
closely tied to the existing strategy and would probably be wrong for
other strategies. (My rule of thumb is to not make something generic
until there are at least two instances of it, to avoid this kind of
problem.)

Also, I don't think providing multiple partitioning strategies to the
user is a good idea, because the compiler already has enough obscure
knobs.

This commit removes the option, along with the `Partition` trait, and
the `Partitioner` and `DefaultPartitioning` types. I left the existing
code in `compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/partitioning/default.rs`,
though I could be persuaded that moving it into
`compiler/rustc_monomorphize/src/partitioning/mod.rs` is better.