new restriction lint: pointer_format

llogiq · llogiq · commit 201883c12a4a · 2025-05-25T20:40:56.000+02:00
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -6163,6 +6163,7 @@ Released 2018-09-13
 [`pathbuf_init_then_push`]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#pathbuf_init_then_push
 [`pattern_type_mismatch`]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#pattern_type_mismatch
 [`permissions_set_readonly_false`]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#permissions_set_readonly_false
+[`pointer_format`]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#pointer_format
 [`pointers_in_nomem_asm_block`]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#pointers_in_nomem_asm_block
 [`positional_named_format_parameters`]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#positional_named_format_parameters
 [`possible_missing_comma`]: https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#possible_missing_comma
diff --git a/clippy_lints/src/declared_lints.rs b/clippy_lints/src/declared_lints.rs
@@ -166,6 +166,7 @@ pub static LINTS: &[&crate::LintInfo] = &[
     crate::floating_point_arithmetic::SUBOPTIMAL_FLOPS_INFO,
     crate::format::USELESS_FORMAT_INFO,
     crate::format_args::FORMAT_IN_FORMAT_ARGS_INFO,
+    crate::format_args::POINTER_FORMAT_INFO,
     crate::format_args::TO_STRING_IN_FORMAT_ARGS_INFO,
     crate::format_args::UNINLINED_FORMAT_ARGS_INFO,
     crate::format_args::UNNECESSARY_DEBUG_FORMATTING_INFO,
diff --git a/clippy_lints/src/format_args.rs b/clippy_lints/src/format_args.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use arrayvec::ArrayVec;
 use clippy_config::Conf;
-use clippy_utils::diagnostics::{span_lint_and_sugg, span_lint_and_then};
+use clippy_utils::diagnostics::{span_lint, span_lint_and_sugg, span_lint_and_then};
 use clippy_utils::macros::{
     FormatArgsStorage, FormatParamUsage, MacroCall, find_format_arg_expr, format_arg_removal_span,
     format_placeholder_format_span, is_assert_macro, is_format_macro, is_panic, matching_root_macro_call,
@@ -16,16 +16,18 @@ use rustc_ast::{
     FormatPlaceholder, FormatTrait,
 };
 use rustc_attr_data_structures::RustcVersion;
-use rustc_data_structures::fx::FxHashMap;
+use rustc_data_structures::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use rustc_errors::Applicability;
 use rustc_errors::SuggestionStyle::{CompletelyHidden, ShowCode};
 use rustc_hir::{Expr, ExprKind, LangItem};
 use rustc_lint::{LateContext, LateLintPass, LintContext};
 use rustc_middle::ty::adjustment::{Adjust, Adjustment};
-use rustc_middle::ty::{List, Ty, TyCtxt};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, GenericArg, List, TraitRef, Ty, TyCtxt, Upcast};
 use rustc_session::impl_lint_pass;
 use rustc_span::edition::Edition::Edition2021;
 use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol, sym};
+use rustc_trait_selection::infer::TyCtxtInferExt;
+use rustc_trait_selection::traits::{Obligation, ObligationCause, Selection, SelectionContext};
 
 declare_clippy_lint! {
     /// ### What it does
@@ -194,12 +196,41 @@ declare_clippy_lint! {
     "use of a format specifier that has no effect"
 }
 
+declare_clippy_lint! {
+    /// ### What it does
+    /// Detects [pointer format] as well as `Debug` formatting of raw pointers or function pointers
+    /// or any types that have a derived `Debug` impl that recursively contains them.
+    ///
+    /// ### Why restrict this?
+    /// The addresses are only useful in very specific contexts, and certain projects may want to keep addresses of
+    /// certain data structures or functions from prying hacker eyes as an additional line of security.
+    ///
+    /// ### Known problems
+    /// The lint currently only looks through derived `Debug` implementations. Checking whether a manual
+    /// implementation prints an address is left as an exercise to the next lint implementer.
+    ///
+    /// ### Example
+    /// ```no_run
+    /// let foo = &0_u32;
+    /// fn bar() {}
+    /// println!("{:p}", foo);
+    /// let _ = format!("{:?}", &(bar as fn()));
+    /// ```
+    ///
+    /// [pointer format]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/fmt/index.html#formatting-traits
+    #[clippy::version = "1.88.0"]
+    pub POINTER_FORMAT,
+    restriction,
+    "formatting a pointer"
+}
+
 impl_lint_pass!(FormatArgs<'_> => [
     FORMAT_IN_FORMAT_ARGS,
     TO_STRING_IN_FORMAT_ARGS,
     UNINLINED_FORMAT_ARGS,
     UNNECESSARY_DEBUG_FORMATTING,
     UNUSED_FORMAT_SPECS,
+    POINTER_FORMAT,
 ]);
 
 #[allow(clippy::struct_field_names)]
@@ -208,6 +239,8 @@ pub struct FormatArgs<'tcx> {
     msrv: Msrv,
     ignore_mixed: bool,
     ty_msrv_map: FxHashMap<Ty<'tcx>, Option<RustcVersion>>,
+    has_derived_debug: FxHashMap<Ty<'tcx>, bool>,
+    has_pointer_format: FxHashMap<Ty<'tcx>, bool>,
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> FormatArgs<'tcx> {
@@ -218,6 +251,8 @@ impl<'tcx> FormatArgs<'tcx> {
             msrv: conf.msrv,
             ignore_mixed: conf.allow_mixed_uninlined_format_args,
             ty_msrv_map,
+            has_derived_debug: FxHashMap::default(),
+            has_pointer_format: FxHashMap::default(),
         }
     }
 }
@@ -228,14 +263,16 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for FormatArgs<'tcx> {
             && is_format_macro(cx, macro_call.def_id)
             && let Some(format_args) = self.format_args.get(cx, expr, macro_call.expn)
         {
-            let linter = FormatArgsExpr {
+            let mut linter = FormatArgsExpr {
                 cx,
                 expr,
                 macro_call: &macro_call,
                 format_args,
                 ignore_mixed: self.ignore_mixed,
                 msrv: &self.msrv,
                 ty_msrv_map: &self.ty_msrv_map,
+                has_derived_debug: &mut self.has_derived_debug,
+                has_pointer_format: &mut self.has_pointer_format,
             };
 
             linter.check_templates();
@@ -255,10 +292,12 @@ struct FormatArgsExpr<'a, 'tcx> {
     ignore_mixed: bool,
     msrv: &'a Msrv,
     ty_msrv_map: &'a FxHashMap<Ty<'tcx>, Option<RustcVersion>>,
+    has_derived_debug: &'a mut FxHashMap<Ty<'tcx>, bool>,
+    has_pointer_format: &'a mut FxHashMap<Ty<'tcx>, bool>,
 }
 
 impl<'tcx> FormatArgsExpr<'_, 'tcx> {
-    fn check_templates(&self) {
+    fn check_templates(&mut self) {
         for piece in &self.format_args.template {
             if let FormatArgsPiece::Placeholder(placeholder) = piece
                 && let Ok(index) = placeholder.argument.index
@@ -279,6 +318,17 @@ impl<'tcx> FormatArgsExpr<'_, 'tcx> {
                 if placeholder.format_trait == FormatTrait::Debug {
                     let name = self.cx.tcx.item_name(self.macro_call.def_id);
                     self.check_unnecessary_debug_formatting(name, arg_expr);
+                    if let Some(span) = placeholder.span
+                        && self.has_pointer_debug(self.cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(arg_expr))
+                    {
+                        span_lint(self.cx, POINTER_FORMAT, span, "pointer formatting detected");
+                    }
+                }
+
+                if placeholder.format_trait == FormatTrait::Pointer
+                    && let Some(span) = placeholder.span
+                {
+                    span_lint(self.cx, POINTER_FORMAT, span, "pointer formatting detected");
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -559,6 +609,70 @@ impl<'tcx> FormatArgsExpr<'_, 'tcx> {
 
         false
     }
+
+    fn has_pointer_debug(&mut self, ty: Ty<'tcx>) -> bool {
+        let cx = self.cx;
+        let tcx = cx.tcx;
+        let typing_env = cx.typing_env();
+        let ty = tcx.normalize_erasing_regions(typing_env, ty);
+        if let Some(known) = self.has_pointer_format.get(&ty) {
+            return *known;
+        }
+        let mut visited = FxHashSet::default();
+        let mut open: Vec<Ty<'_>> = Vec::new();
+        open.push(ty);
+        while let Some(next_ty) = open.pop() {
+            match next_ty.kind() {
+                ty::RawPtr(..) | ty::FnPtr(..) | ty::FnDef(..) => {
+                    self.has_pointer_format.insert(ty, true);
+                    return true;
+                },
+                ty::Ref(_, t, _) | ty::Slice(t) | ty::Array(t, _) => {
+                    open.push(tcx.normalize_erasing_regions(typing_env, *t));
+                },
+                ty::Tuple(ts) => open.extend(ts.iter().map(|ty| tcx.normalize_erasing_regions(typing_env, ty))),
+                ty::Adt(adt, args) => {
+                    // avoid infinite recursion
+                    if !visited.insert(adt.did()) {
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                    let has_derived_debug = if let Some(known) = self.has_derived_debug.get(&next_ty) {
+                        *known
+                    } else {
+                        let Some(trait_id) = tcx.get_diagnostic_item(sym::Debug) else {
+                            continue;
+                        };
+                        let (infcx, param_env) = tcx.infer_ctxt().build_with_typing_env(typing_env);
+                        let trait_ref = TraitRef::new(tcx, trait_id, [GenericArg::from(next_ty)]);
+                        let obligation = Obligation {
+                            cause: ObligationCause::dummy(),
+                            param_env,
+                            recursion_depth: 0,
+                            predicate: trait_ref.upcast(tcx),
+                        };
+                        let selection = SelectionContext::new(&infcx).select(&obligation);
+                        let Ok(Some(Selection::UserDefined(data))) = selection else {
+                            continue;
+                        };
+                        let has_derived_debug = tcx.has_attr(data.impl_def_id, sym::automatically_derived);
+                        self.has_derived_debug.insert(next_ty, has_derived_debug);
+                        has_derived_debug
+                    };
+                    // we currently only look into derived impls because those will
+                    // debug-format the types fields which is easy enough to pull off
+                    if has_derived_debug {
+                        open.extend(
+                            adt.all_fields()
+                                .map(|f| tcx.normalize_erasing_regions(typing_env, f.ty(tcx, args))),
+                        );
+                    }
+                },
+                _ => (),
+            }
+        }
+        self.has_pointer_format.insert(ty, false);
+        false
+    }
 }
 
 fn make_ty_msrv_map(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) -> FxHashMap<Ty<'_>, Option<RustcVersion>> {
diff --git a/tests/ui/pointer_format.rs b/tests/ui/pointer_format.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#![warn(clippy::pointer_format)]
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct ContainsPointerDeep {
+    w: WithPointer,
+}
+
+struct ManualDebug {
+    ptr: *const u8,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug)]
+struct WithPointer {
+    len: usize,
+    ptr: *const u8,
+}
+
+impl std::fmt::Debug for ManualDebug {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        f.write_str("ManualDebug")
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    let m = &(main as fn());
+    let g = &0;
+    let o = &format!("{m:p}");
+    //~^ pointer_format
+    let _ = format!("{m:?}");
+    //~^ pointer_format
+    println!("{g:p}");
+    //~^ pointer_format
+    panic!("{o:p}");
+    //~^ pointer_format
+    let answer = 42;
+    let x = &raw const answer;
+    let arr = [0u8; 8];
+    let with_ptr = WithPointer { len: 8, ptr: &arr as _ };
+    let _ = format!("{x:?}");
+    //~^ pointer_format
+    print!("{with_ptr:?}");
+    //~^ pointer_format
+    let container = ContainsPointerDeep { w: with_ptr };
+    print!("{container:?}");
+    //~^ pointer_format
+
+    let no_pointer = "foo";
+    println!("{no_pointer:?}");
+    let manual_debug = ManualDebug { ptr: &arr as _ };
+    println!("{manual_debug:?}");
+}
diff --git a/tests/ui/pointer_format.stderr b/tests/ui/pointer_format.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+error: pointer formatting detected
+  --> tests/ui/pointer_format.rs:27:23
+   |
+LL |     let o = &format!("{m:p}");
+   |                       ^^^^^
+   |
+   = note: `-D clippy::pointer-format` implied by `-D warnings`
+   = help: to override `-D warnings` add `#[allow(clippy::pointer_format)]`
+
+error: pointer formatting detected
+  --> tests/ui/pointer_format.rs:29:22
+   |
+LL |     let _ = format!("{m:?}");
+   |                      ^^^^^
+
+error: pointer formatting detected
+  --> tests/ui/pointer_format.rs:31:15
+   |
+LL |     println!("{g:p}");
+   |               ^^^^^
+
+error: pointer formatting detected
+  --> tests/ui/pointer_format.rs:33:13
+   |
+LL |     panic!("{o:p}");
+   |             ^^^^^
+
+error: pointer formatting detected
+  --> tests/ui/pointer_format.rs:39:22
+   |
+LL |     let _ = format!("{x:?}");
+   |                      ^^^^^
+
+error: pointer formatting detected
+  --> tests/ui/pointer_format.rs:41:13
+   |
+LL |     print!("{with_ptr:?}");
+   |             ^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+error: pointer formatting detected
+  --> tests/ui/pointer_format.rs:44:13
+   |
+LL |     print!("{container:?}");
+   |             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+
+error: aborting due to 7 previous errors
+
