do the `_unsynchronized` functions need to exist?

[jyn514]

i found this comment in libstd: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/59a4f02f836f74c4cf08f47d76c9f6069a2f8276/library/std/src/sys/backtrace.rs#L20-L48

// Use a lock to prevent mixed output in multithreading context.
// Some platforms also requires it, like `SymFromAddr` on Windows.

and indeed dbghelp does not appear to be threadsafe. but backtrace-rs already has a mutex around dbghelp:

backtrace-rs/src/dbghelp.rs

Lines 283 to 385 in 72265be

	/// Initialize all support necessary to access `dbghelp` API functions from this
	/// crate.
	///
	/// Note that this function is **safe**, it internally has its own
	/// synchronization. Also note that it is safe to call this function multiple
	/// times recursively.
	pub fn init() -> Result<Init, ()> {
	use core::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering::SeqCst};
	// Helper function for generating a name that's unique to the process.
	fn mutex_name() -> [u8; 33] {
	let mut name: [u8; 33] = *b"Local\\RustBacktraceMutex00000000\0";
	let mut id = unsafe { GetCurrentProcessId() };
	// Quick and dirty no alloc u32 to hex.
	let mut index = name.len() - 1;
	while id > 0 {
	name[index - 1] = match (id & 0xF) as u8 {
	h @ 0..=9 => b'0' + h,
	h => b'A' + (h - 10),
	};
	id >>= 4;
	index -= 1;
	}
	name
	}
	unsafe {
	// First thing we need to do is to synchronize this function. This can
	// be called concurrently from other threads or recursively within one
	// thread. Note that it's trickier than that though because what we're
	// using here, `dbghelp`, *also* needs to be synchronized with all other
	// callers to `dbghelp` in this process.
	//
	// Typically there aren't really that many calls to `dbghelp` within the
	// same process and we can probably safely assume that we're the only
	// ones accessing it. There is, however, one primary other user we have
	// to worry about which is ironically ourselves, but in the standard
	// library. The Rust standard library depends on this crate for
	// backtrace support, and this crate also exists on crates.io. This
	// means that if the standard library is printing a panic backtrace it
	// may race with this crate coming from crates.io, causing segfaults.
	//
	// To help solve this synchronization problem we employ a
	// Windows-specific trick here (it is, after all, a Windows-specific
	// restriction about synchronization). We create a *session-local* named
	// mutex to protect this call. The intention here is that the standard
	// library and this crate don't have to share Rust-level APIs to
	// synchronize here but can instead work behind the scenes to make sure
	// they're synchronizing with one another. That way when this function
	// is called through the standard library or through crates.io we can be
	// sure that the same mutex is being acquired.
	//
	// So all of that is to say that the first thing we do here is we
	// atomically create a `HANDLE` which is a named mutex on Windows. We
	// synchronize a bit with other threads sharing this function
	// specifically and ensure that only one handle is created per instance
	// of this function. Note that the handle is never closed once it's
	// stored in the global.
	//
	// After we've actually go the lock we simply acquire it, and our `Init`
	// handle we hand out will be responsible for dropping it eventually.
	static LOCK: AtomicUsize = AtomicUsize::new(0);
	let mut lock = LOCK.load(SeqCst);
	if lock == 0 {
	let name = mutex_name();
	lock = CreateMutexA(ptr::null_mut(), 0, name.as_ptr().cast::<i8>()) as usize;
	if lock == 0 {
	return Err(());
	}
	if let Err(other) = LOCK.compare_exchange(0, lock, SeqCst, SeqCst) {
	debug_assert!(other != 0);
	CloseHandle(lock as HANDLE);
	lock = other;
	}
	}
	debug_assert!(lock != 0);
	let lock = lock as HANDLE;
	let r = WaitForSingleObjectEx(lock, INFINITE, FALSE);
	debug_assert_eq!(r, 0);
	let ret = Init { lock };
	// Ok, phew! Now that we're all safely synchronized, let's actually
	// start processing everything. First up we need to ensure that
	// `dbghelp.dll` is actually loaded in this process. We do this
	// dynamically to avoid a static dependency. This has historically been
	// done to work around weird linking issues and is intended at making
	// binaries a bit more portable since this is largely just a debugging
	// utility.
	//
	// Once we've opened `dbghelp.dll` we need to call some initialization
	// functions in it, and that's detailed more below. We only do this
	// once, though, so we've got a global boolean indicating whether we're
	// done yet or not.
	DBGHELP.ensure_open()?;
	static mut INITIALIZED: bool = false;
	if !INITIALIZED {
	set_optional_options();
	INITIALIZED = true;
	}
	Ok(ret)
	}
	}

so i think it is not necessary for callers to have their own mutex? i do see that the gimli symbolification is unsafe because it accesses MAPPINGS_CACHE unsynchronized, but maybe we can use a similar trick there? or just use std::lazy or something?

backtrace-rs/src/symbolize/gimli.rs

Lines 325 to 339 in dcd0aaa

	// unsafe because this is required to be externally synchronized
	unsafe fn with_global(f: impl FnOnce(&mut Self)) {
	// A very small, very simple LRU cache for debug info mappings.
	//
	// The hit rate should be very high, since the typical stack doesn't cross
	// between many shared libraries.
	//
	// The `addr2line::Context` structures are pretty expensive to create. Its
	// cost is expected to be amortized by subsequent `locate` queries, which
	// leverage the structures built when constructing `addr2line::Context`s to
	// get nice speedups. If we didn't have this cache, that amortization would
	// never happen, and symbolicating backtraces would be ssssllllooooowwww.
	static mut MAPPINGS_CACHE: Option<Cache> = None;
	f(MAPPINGS_CACHE.get_or_insert_with(|| Cache::new()))

see around rust-lang/rust#127397 (comment) for previous discussion; cc @ChrisDenton @workingjubilee