diff --git a/autotest/ogr/ogr_gpkg.py b/autotest/ogr/ogr_gpkg.py
index a24249c32a27..0b0c4dadca8f 100755
--- a/autotest/ogr/ogr_gpkg.py
+++ b/autotest/ogr/ogr_gpkg.py
@@ -10664,3 +10664,31 @@ def test_gpkg_rename_hidden_table(tmp_vsimem):
     gdal.VSIFCloseL(f)
 
     assert "hidden_foo_table" not in content
+
+
+###############################################################################
+# Test creating duplicate field names
+
+
+@gdaltest.enable_exceptions()
+def test_gpkg_create_duplicate_field_names(tmp_vsimem):
+
+    filename = str(tmp_vsimem / "test_gpkg_create_duplicate_field_names.gpkg")
+    with ogr.GetDriverByName("GPKG").CreateDataSource(filename) as ds:
+        lyr = ds.CreateLayer("test")
+        lyr.CreateField(ogr.FieldDefn("foo"))
+        with pytest.raises(
+            Exception, match="A field with the same name already exists"
+        ):
+            lyr.CreateField(ogr.FieldDefn("foo"))
+        assert lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldCount() == 1
+        with pytest.raises(
+            Exception, match="A field with the same name already exists"
+        ):
+            lyr.CreateField(ogr.FieldDefn("FOO"))
+        assert lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldCount() == 1
+        with pytest.raises(
+            Exception, match="It has the same name as the geometry field"
+        ):
+            lyr.CreateField(ogr.FieldDefn("geom"))
+        assert lyr.GetLayerDefn().GetFieldCount() == 1
diff --git a/ogr/ogrsf_frmts/gpkg/ogrgeopackagetablelayer.cpp b/ogr/ogrsf_frmts/gpkg/ogrgeopackagetablelayer.cpp
index ced8b3ba1eb5..f970a0d53582 100644
--- a/ogr/ogrsf_frmts/gpkg/ogrgeopackagetablelayer.cpp
+++ b/ogr/ogrsf_frmts/gpkg/ogrgeopackagetablelayer.cpp
@@ -1729,6 +1729,24 @@ OGRErr OGRGeoPackageTableLayer::CreateField(const OGRFieldDefn *poField,
             GDALGeoPackageDataset::LaunderName(oFieldDefn.GetNameRef())
                 .c_str());
 
+    if (m_poFeatureDefn->GetFieldIndex(oFieldDefn.GetNameRef()) >= 0)
+    {
+        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
+                 "Cannot create field %s. "
+                 "A field with the same name already exists.",
+                 oFieldDefn.GetNameRef());
+        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
+    }
+
+    if (m_poFeatureDefn->GetGeomFieldIndex(oFieldDefn.GetNameRef()) >= 0)
+    {
+        CPLError(CE_Failure, CPLE_AppDefined,
+                 "Cannot create field %s. "
+                 "It has the same name as the geometry field.",
+                 oFieldDefn.GetNameRef());
+        return OGRERR_FAILURE;
+    }
+
     if (m_pszFidColumn != nullptr &&
         EQUAL(oFieldDefn.GetNameRef(), m_pszFidColumn) &&
         poField->GetType() != OFTInteger &&