cron.go

package cron

import (
	"runtime"
	"sort"
	"time"
)

// Cron keeps track of any number of entries, invoking the associated func as
// specified by the schedule. It may be started, stopped, and the entries may
// be inspected while running.
type Cron struct {
	entries  []*Entry
	stop     chan struct{}
	add      chan *Entry
	remove   chan EntryID
	snapshot chan chan []Entry
	running  bool
	logger   Logger
	vlogger  Logger
	location *time.Location
	parser   Parser
	nextID   EntryID
}

// Job is an interface for submitted cron jobs.
type Job interface {
	Run()
}

// Schedule describes a job's duty cycle.
type Schedule interface {
	// Next returns the next activation time, later than the given time.
	// Next is invoked initially, and then each time the job is run.
	Next(time.Time) time.Time
}

// EntryID identifies an entry within a Cron instance
type EntryID int

// Entry consists of a schedule and the func to execute on that schedule.
type Entry struct {
	// ID is the cron-assigned ID of this entry, which may be used to look up a
	// snapshot or remove it.
	ID EntryID

	// Schedule on which this job should be run.
	Schedule Schedule

	// Next time the job will run, or the zero time if Cron has not been
	// started or this entry's schedule is unsatisfiable
	Next time.Time

	// Prev is the last time this job was run, or the zero time if never.
	Prev time.Time

	// Job is the thing to run when the Schedule is activated.
	Job Job
}

// Valid returns true if this is not the zero entry.
func (e Entry) Valid() bool { return e.ID != 0 }

// byTime is a wrapper for sorting the entry array by time
// (with zero time at the end).
type byTime []*Entry

func (s byTime) Len() int      { return len(s) }
func (s byTime) Swap(i, j int) { s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i] }
func (s byTime) Less(i, j int) bool {
	// Two zero times should return false.
	// Otherwise, zero is "greater" than any other time.
	// (To sort it at the end of the list.)
	if s[i].Next.IsZero() {
		return false
	}
	if s[j].Next.IsZero() {
		return true
	}
	return s[i].Next.Before(s[j].Next)
}

// New returns a new Cron job runner, modified by the given options.
//
// Available Settings
//
//   Time Zone
//     Description: The time zone in which schedules are interpreted
//     Default:     time.Local
//
//   PanicLogger
//     Description: How to log Jobs that panic
//     Default:     Log the panic to os.Stderr
//
//   Parser
//     Description:
//     Default:     Parser that accepts the spec described here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cron
//
// See "cron.With*" to modify the default behavior.
func New(opts ...Option) *Cron {
	c := &Cron{
		entries:  nil,
		add:      make(chan *Entry),
		stop:     make(chan struct{}),
		snapshot: make(chan chan []Entry),
		remove:   make(chan EntryID),
		running:  false,
		logger:   DefaultLogger,
		vlogger:  nil,
		location: time.Local,
		parser:   standardParser,
	}
	for _, opt := range opts {
		opt(c)
	}
	return c
}

// FuncJob is a wrapper that turns a func() into a cron.Job
type FuncJob func()

func (f FuncJob) Run() { f() }

// AddFunc adds a func to the Cron to be run on the given schedule.
// The spec is parsed using the time zone of this Cron instance as the default.
// An opaque ID is returned that can be used to later remove it.
func (c *Cron) AddFunc(spec string, cmd func()) (EntryID, error) {
	return c.AddJob(spec, FuncJob(cmd))
}

// AddJob adds a Job to the Cron to be run on the given schedule.
// The spec is parsed using the time zone of this Cron instance as the default.
// An opaque ID is returned that can be used to later remove it.
func (c *Cron) AddJob(spec string, cmd Job) (EntryID, error) {
	schedule, err := c.parser.Parse(spec)
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	return c.Schedule(schedule, cmd), nil
}

// Schedule adds a Job to the Cron to be run on the given schedule.
func (c *Cron) Schedule(schedule Schedule, cmd Job) EntryID {
	c.nextID++
	entry := &Entry{
		ID:       c.nextID,
		Schedule: schedule,
		Job:      cmd,
	}
	if !c.running {
		c.entries = append(c.entries, entry)
	} else {
		c.add <- entry
	}
	return entry.ID
}

// Entries returns a snapshot of the cron entries.
func (c *Cron) Entries() []Entry {
	if c.running {
		replyChan := make(chan []Entry, 1)
		c.snapshot <- replyChan
		return <-replyChan
	}
	return c.entrySnapshot()
}

// Location gets the time zone location
func (c *Cron) Location() *time.Location {
	return c.location
}

// Entry returns a snapshot of the given entry, or nil if it couldn't be found.
func (c *Cron) Entry(id EntryID) Entry {
	for _, entry := range c.Entries() {
		if id == entry.ID {
			return entry
		}
	}
	return Entry{}
}

// Remove an entry from being run in the future.
func (c *Cron) Remove(id EntryID) {
	if c.running {
		c.remove <- id
	} else {
		c.removeEntry(id)
	}
}

// Start the cron scheduler in its own goroutine, or no-op if already started.
func (c *Cron) Start() {
	if c.running {
		return
	}
	c.running = true
	go c.run()
}

// Run the cron scheduler, or no-op if already running.
func (c *Cron) Run() {
	if c.running {
		return
	}
	c.running = true
	c.run()
}

func (c *Cron) runWithRecovery(j Job) {
	defer func() {
		if r := recover(); r != nil {
			const size = 64 << 10
			buf := make([]byte, size)
			buf = buf[:runtime.Stack(buf, false)]
			c.logger.Printf("panic running job: %v\n%s", r, buf)
		}
	}()
	j.Run()
}

// run the scheduler.. this is private just due to the need to synchronize
// access to the 'running' state variable.
func (c *Cron) run() {
	c.logVerbosef("cron is starting")

	// Figure out the next activation times for each entry.
	now := c.now()
	for _, entry := range c.entries {
		entry.Next = entry.Schedule.Next(now)
		c.logVerbosef("(%s) scheduled entry %d for %s", now, entry.ID, entry.Next)
	}

	for {
		// Determine the next entry to run.
		sort.Sort(byTime(c.entries))

		var timer *time.Timer
		if len(c.entries) == 0 || c.entries[0].Next.IsZero() {
			// If there are no entries yet, just sleep - it still handles new entries
			// and stop requests.
			timer = time.NewTimer(100000 * time.Hour)
		} else {
			timer = time.NewTimer(c.entries[0].Next.Sub(now))
		}

		for {
			select {
			case now = <-timer.C:
				now = now.In(c.location)
				c.logVerbosef("(%s) woke up", now)

				// Run every entry whose next time was less than now
				for _, e := range c.entries {
					if e.Next.After(now) || e.Next.IsZero() {
						break
					}
					go c.runWithRecovery(e.Job)
					e.Prev = e.Next
					e.Next = e.Schedule.Next(now)
					c.logVerbosef("(%s) started entry %d, next scheduled for %s", now, e.ID, e.Next)
				}

			case newEntry := <-c.add:
				timer.Stop()
				now = c.now()
				newEntry.Next = newEntry.Schedule.Next(now)
				c.entries = append(c.entries, newEntry)
				c.logVerbosef("(%s) added new entry %d, scheduled for", now, newEntry.ID, newEntry.Next)

			case replyChan := <-c.snapshot:
				replyChan <- c.entrySnapshot()
				continue

			case <-c.stop:
				timer.Stop()
				c.logVerbosef("cron is stopping")
				return

			case id := <-c.remove:
				timer.Stop()
				now = c.now()
				c.removeEntry(id)
				c.logVerbosef("removed entry %d", id)
			}

			break
		}
	}
}

// logVerbosef logs a verbose message, if such a logger is configured.
func (c *Cron) logVerbosef(format string, args ...interface{}) {
	if c.vlogger != nil {
		// Format any times provided as RFC3339, easier to read than default.
		var formattedArgs []interface{}
		for _, arg := range args {
			if t, ok := arg.(time.Time); ok {
				arg = t.Format(time.RFC3339)
			}
			formattedArgs = append(formattedArgs, arg)
		}
		c.vlogger.Printf(format, formattedArgs...)
	}
}

// now returns current time in c location
func (c *Cron) now() time.Time {
	return time.Now().In(c.location)
}

// Stop stops the cron scheduler if it is running; otherwise it does nothing.
func (c *Cron) Stop() {
	if !c.running {
		return
	}
	c.stop <- struct{}{}
	c.running = false
}

// entrySnapshot returns a copy of the current cron entry list.
func (c *Cron) entrySnapshot() []Entry {
	var entries = make([]Entry, len(c.entries))
	for i, e := range c.entries {
		entries[i] = *e
	}
	return entries
}

func (c *Cron) removeEntry(id EntryID) {
	var entries []*Entry
	for _, e := range c.entries {
		if e.ID != id {
			entries = append(entries, e)
		}
	}
	c.entries = entries
}