-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
/
GCSE_Electricity.html
172 lines (169 loc) · 8.56 KB
/
GCSE_Electricity.html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8">
<head>
<title>Revisionline</title>
<style>
/* Define styles for the header and footer */
header {
background-color: grey;
color: teal;
padding: 10px;
text-align: center;
font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
padding-left: 15px;
}
footer {
background-color: grey;
color: lightblue;
padding: 10px;
text-align: center;
font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
padding-left: 15px;
}
/* Define styles for the menu buttons */
.menu-button {
background-color: grey;
color: lightblue;
padding: 10px 20px;
text-align: center;
text-decoration: none;
display: inline-block;
margin-right: 0px;
font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
list-style-type: none;
position: relative;
display: inline-flex;
align-items: center;
}
.menu-button ul {
display: none;
position: absolute;
top: 100%;
left: 0;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
background-color: grey;
z-index: 1;
}
.menu-button:hover ul {
display: inline-block;
}
.menu-button li {
margin: 0;
padding: 5px;
list-style-type: none;
}
/* Define styles for the main content */
.main-content {
background-color: white;
padding: 0px;
text-align: left;
font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
}
body {
font-size: 18px;
line-height: 1.5;
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
.contact-button {
display: inline-block;
padding: 10px 20px;
font-size: 18px;
font-weight: bold;
text-decoration: none;
color: white;
background-color: teal;
border-radius: 5px;
box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<header>
<img src="logo.png">
<div>
<ul>
<li class="menu-button">
<a href="index.html" class="menu-button">Home</a>
<li class="menu-button">
Physics
<ul>
<li><a href="GCSE_Physics.html">GCSE Physics</a></li>
<li><a href="Alevel_Physics.html">A level Physics</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-button">
Chemistry
<ul>
<li><a href="GCSE_Chem.html">GCSE Chemistry</a></li>
<li><a href="Alevel_Chem.html">A level Chemistry</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-button">
Maths
<ul>
<li><a href="mathsmatrix.html">Maths</a></li>
</ul>
<li class="menu-button">
Biology
<ul>
<li><a href="GCSE_bio.html">GCSE Biology</a></li>
<li><a href="Alevel_bio.html">A level Biology</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<div class="main-content">
<h1> GCSE Physics Revision: Electricity notes </h1>
<h2>Electric Charge</h2>
<p>Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter. There are two types of electric charge: positive and negative. Objects with the same charge repel each other, while objects with opposite charges attract each other.</p>
<p>The unit of electric charge is the coulomb (C).</p>
<h2>Electric Current</h2>
<p>Electric current is the flow of electric charge through a conductor. The unit of electric current is the ampere (A).</p>
<p>Electric current can be either direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC).</p>
<h2>Voltage</h2>
<p>Voltage is the difference in electric potential energy between two points in an electric circuit. The unit of voltage is the volt (V).</p>
<p>The voltage across a component in a circuit can be calculated using Ohm's law:</p>
<p>V = IR</p>
<p>where V is the voltage, I is the electric current, and R is the resistance of the component.</p>
<h2>Resistance</h2>
<p>Resistance is a measure of how much a component resists the flow of electric current. The unit of resistance is the ohm (Ω).</p>
<p>The resistance of a component can be calculated using Ohm's law:</p>
<p>R = V/I</p>
<p>where R is the resistance, V is the voltage, and I is the electric current.</p>
<h2>Series and Parallel Circuits</h2>
<p>Components in a circuit can be connected in series or parallel. In a series circuit, the components are connected in a single path, so the same current flows through each component. In a parallel circuit, the components are connected in separate paths, so the current is divided between them.</p>
<p>The total resistance of components in a series circuit can be calculated by adding their individual resistances:</p>
<p>RT = R1 + R2 + R3 + ...</p>
<p>The total resistance of components in a parallel circuit can be calculated using the equation:</p>
<p>1/RT = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + ...</p>
<h2>Mains Electricity</h2>
<p>Mains electricity is the alternating current (AC) that is supplied to homes and businesses through power lines. The standard voltage and frequency of mains electricity varies by country.</p>
<p>Mains electricity can be dangerous and should be handled with care. Safety measures, such as fuses and circuit breakers, are used to protect against electrical hazards.</p>
<p>Circuit breakers are similar to fuses in that they are designed to protect against overloading and short circuits. However, instead of containing a wire or element that will melt, circuit breakers contain a switch that will automatically trip if the current in the circuit exceeds a certain level. Once the switch has tripped, the circuit will be broken, and the current will stop flowing. Circuit breakers are typically used in higher-voltage circuits, such as those found in buildings and industrial settings.</p>
<p>Earthing is another safety measure that is used to protect against electric shocks. Earthing involves connecting the metal frame of an electrical device to the ground. If there is a fault in the device that causes the metal frame to become live, the current will flow through the earth connection instead of through a person who touches the metal frame. This can prevent serious injury or even death.</p>
<h2>Electric Components</h2>
<p>There are several types of electric components that are commonly used in circuits, including:</p>
<ul>
<li><b>Lamps:</b> Lamps convert electrical energy into light energy.</li>
<li><b>Fuses:</b> Fuses are used to protect against overloading and overheating in a circuit.</li>
<li><b>Resistors:</b> Resistors are used to control the flow of electric current in a circuit.</li>
<li><b>Thermistors:</b> Thermistors are temperature-sensitive resistors that are used in temperature-sensing applications.</li>
<li><b>LDRs:</b> Light-dependent resistors (LDRs) are used in light-sensing applications.</li>
<li><b>Diodes:</b> Diodes are used to control the flow of electric current in a circuit.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Equations</h2>
<p>There are several key equations that are used in electricity:</p>
<ul>
<li>Ohm's law: V = IR, where V is the voltage, I is the electric current, and R is the resistance of the component.</li>
<li>Resistance: R = V/I, where R is the resistance, V is the voltage, and I is the electric current.</li>
<li>Power: P = IV, where P is the power, I is the electric current, and V is the voltage.</li>
<li>Energy: E = Pt, where E is the energy, P is the power, and t is the time.</li>
<h2>Static Electricity</h2>
<p>Static electricity is the buildup of electric charge on the surface of an object. This can happen when two materials are rubbed together, causing electrons to be transferred from one material to the other. The material that gains electrons becomes negatively charged, while the material that loses electrons becomes positively charged.</p>
<p>Static electricity can also be created by induction. This happens when a charged object is brought near a neutral object, causing electrons to be either attracted or repelled from the neutral object. This results in a separation of charges, with one side of the object becoming positively charged and the other side becoming negatively charged.</p>
<p>Static electricity is used for appliances such as a laser printer and can be dangerous in certain situations, such as when refueling a car or an aircraft.</p>
</div>
</body>
<footer> © 2023 Revisionline, All rights reserved. <a href="mailto:info@revisionline.co.uk" class="contact-button">E- mail</a></footer>
</html>