gh-123471: make itertools.batched thread-safe

[eendebakpt]

• Make batched thread-safe using atomic loads and stores
• Depends on gh-115999: Make list and tuple iteration more thread-safe. #128637 to make the iteration over the data = tuple(range(1000)) thread safe.
• Also see Strategy for Iterators in Free Threading #124397

• Issue: Make concurrent iteration over pairwise, combinations, permutations, cwr, product, etc. from itertools safe under free-threading #123471

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