bpo-45292: [PEP-654] add except* (GH-29581)

Doc/library/ast.rst

@@ -1167,6 +1167,37 @@ Control flow
             type_ignores=[])
 
 
+.. class:: TryStar(body, handlers, orelse, finalbody)
+
+   ``try`` blocks which are followed by ``except*`` clauses. The attributes are the
+   same as for :class:`Try` but the :class:`ExceptHandler` nodes in ``handlers``
+   are interpreted as ``except*`` blocks rather then ``except``.
+
+   .. doctest::
+
+        >>> print(ast.dump(ast.parse("""
+        ... try:
+        ...    ...
+        ... except* Exception:
+        ...    ...
+        ... """), indent=4))
+        Module(
+            body=[
+                TryStar(
+                    body=[
+                        Expr(
+                            value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))],
+                    handlers=[
+                        ExceptHandler(
+                            type=Name(id='Exception', ctx=Load()),
+                            body=[
+                                Expr(
+                                    value=Constant(value=Ellipsis))])],
+                    orelse=[],
+                    finalbody=[])],
+            type_ignores=[])
+
+
 .. class:: ExceptHandler(type, name, body)
 
    A single ``except`` clause. ``type`` is the exception type it will match,

Doc/library/dis.rst

@@ -872,8 +872,10 @@ All of the following opcodes use their arguments.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.1
 
+
 .. opcode:: JUMP_IF_NOT_EXC_MATCH (target)
 
+   Performs exception matching for ``except``.
    Tests whether the second value on the stack is an exception matching TOS,
    and jumps if it is not. Pops one value from the stack.
 
@@ -883,6 +885,30 @@ All of the following opcodes use their arguments.
       This opcode no longer pops the active exception.
 
 
+.. opcode:: JUMP_IF_NOT_EG_MATCH (target)
+
+   Performs exception matching for ``except*``. Applies ``split(TOS)`` on
+   the exception group representing TOS1. Jumps if no match is found.
+
+   Pops one item from the stack. If a match was found, pops the 3 items representing
+   the exception and pushes the 3 items representing the non-matching part of
+   the exception group, followed by the 3 items representing the matching part.
+   In other words, in case of a match it pops 4 items and pushes 6.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.11
+
+
+.. opcode:: PREP_RERAISE_STAR
+
+   Combines the raised and reraised exceptions list from TOS, into an exception
+   group to propagate from a try-except* block. Uses the original exception
+   group from TOS1 to reconstruct the structure of reraised exceptions. Pops
+   two items from the stack and pushes a triplet representing the exception to
+   reraise or three ``None`` if there isn't one.
+
+   .. versionadded:: 3.11
+
+
 .. opcode:: JUMP_IF_TRUE_OR_POP (target)
 
    If TOS is true, sets the bytecode counter to *target* and leaves TOS on the

Doc/whatsnew/3.11.rst

@@ -65,6 +65,8 @@ Summary -- Release highlights
 
 .. PEP-sized items next.
 
+PEP-654: Exception Groups and ``except*``.
+(Contributed by Irit Katriel in :issue:`45292`.)
 
 New Features
 ============

Grammar/python.gram

@@ -403,6 +403,8 @@ try_stmt[stmt_ty]:
     | invalid_try_stmt
     | 'try' &&':' b=block f=finally_block { _PyAST_Try(b, NULL, NULL, f, EXTRA) }
     | 'try' &&':' b=block ex[asdl_excepthandler_seq*]=except_block+ el=[else_block] f=[finally_block] { _PyAST_Try(b, ex, el, f, EXTRA) }
+    | 'try' &&':' b=block ex[asdl_excepthandler_seq*]=except_star_block+ el=[else_block] f=[finally_block] { _PyAST_TryStar(b, ex, el, f, EXTRA) }
+
 
 # Except statement
 # ----------------
@@ -413,6 +415,11 @@ except_block[excepthandler_ty]:
         _PyAST_ExceptHandler(e, (t) ? ((expr_ty) t)->v.Name.id : NULL, b, EXTRA) }
     | 'except' ':' b=block { _PyAST_ExceptHandler(NULL, NULL, b, EXTRA) }
     | invalid_except_stmt
+except_star_block[excepthandler_ty]:
+    | invalid_except_star_stmt_indent
+    | 'except' '*' e=expression t=['as' z=NAME { z }] ':' b=block {
+        _PyAST_ExceptHandler(e, (t) ? ((expr_ty) t)->v.Name.id : NULL, b, EXTRA) }
+    | invalid_except_stmt
 finally_block[asdl_stmt_seq*]:
     | invalid_finally_stmt
     | 'finally' &&':' a=block { a }
@@ -1192,18 +1199,24 @@ invalid_try_stmt:
     | a='try' ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {
         RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR("expected an indented block after 'try' statement on line %d", a->lineno) }
     | 'try' ':' block !('except' | 'finally') { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR("expected 'except' or 'finally' block") }
+    | 'try' ':' block* ((except_block+ except_star_block) | (except_star_block+ except_block)) block* {
+        RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR("cannot have both 'except' and 'except*' on the same 'try'") }
 invalid_except_stmt:
-    | 'except' a=expression ',' expressions ['as' NAME ] ':' {
+    | 'except' '*'? a=expression ',' expressions ['as' NAME ] ':' {
         RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR_STARTING_FROM(a, "multiple exception types must be parenthesized") }
-    | a='except' expression ['as' NAME ] NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR("expected ':'") }
+    | a='except' '*'? expression ['as' NAME ] NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR("expected ':'") }
     | a='except' NEWLINE { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR("expected ':'") }
+    | a='except' '*' (NEWLINE | ':') { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR("expected one or more exception types") }
 invalid_finally_stmt:
     | a='finally' ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {
         RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR("expected an indented block after 'finally' statement on line %d", a->lineno) }
 invalid_except_stmt_indent:
     | a='except' expression ['as' NAME ] ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {
         RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR("expected an indented block after 'except' statement on line %d", a->lineno) }
     | a='except' ':' NEWLINE !INDENT { RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR("expected an indented block after except statement on line %d", a->lineno) }
+invalid_except_star_stmt_indent:
+    | a='except' '*' expression ['as' NAME ] ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {
+        RAISE_INDENTATION_ERROR("expected an indented block after 'except*' statement on line %d", a->lineno) }
 invalid_match_stmt:
     | "match" subject_expr !':' { CHECK_VERSION(void*, 10, "Pattern matching is", RAISE_SYNTAX_ERROR("expected ':'") ) }
     | a="match" subject=subject_expr ':' NEWLINE !INDENT {

Include/internal/pycore_ast_state.h

@@ -132,6 +132,7 @@ struct ast_state {
     PyObject *Sub_singleton;
     PyObject *Sub_type;
     PyObject *Subscript_type;
+    PyObject *TryStar_type;
     PyObject *Try_type;
     PyObject *Tuple_type;
     PyObject *TypeIgnore_type;

Include/internal/pycore_pyerrors.h

@@ -92,6 +92,14 @@ PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyErr_FormatFromCauseTstate(
     const char *format,
     ...);
 
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyExc_CreateExceptionGroup(
+    const char *msg,
+    PyObject *excs);
+
+PyAPI_FUNC(PyObject *) _PyExc_ExceptionGroupProjection(
+    PyObject *left,
+    PyObject *right);
+
 PyAPI_FUNC(int) _PyErr_CheckSignalsTstate(PyThreadState *tstate);
 
 PyAPI_FUNC(void) _Py_DumpExtensionModules(int fd, PyInterpreterState *interp);

Lib/ast.py

@@ -683,6 +683,7 @@ def __init__(self, *, _avoid_backslashes=False):
         self._type_ignores = {}
         self._indent = 0
         self._avoid_backslashes = _avoid_backslashes
+        self._in_try_star = False
 
     def interleave(self, inter, f, seq):
         """Call f on each item in seq, calling inter() in between."""
@@ -953,7 +954,7 @@ def visit_Raise(self, node):
             self.write(" from ")
             self.traverse(node.cause)
 
-    def visit_Try(self, node):
+    def do_visit_try(self, node):
         self.fill("try")
         with self.block():
             self.traverse(node.body)
@@ -968,8 +969,24 @@ def visit_Try(self, node):
             with self.block():
                 self.traverse(node.finalbody)
 
+    def visit_Try(self, node):
+        prev_in_try_star = self._in_try_star
+        try:
+            self._in_try_star = False
+            self.do_visit_try(node)
+        finally:
+            self._in_try_star = prev_in_try_star
+
+    def visit_TryStar(self, node):
+        prev_in_try_star = self._in_try_star
+        try:
+            self._in_try_star = True
+            self.do_visit_try(node)
+        finally:
+            self._in_try_star = prev_in_try_star
+
     def visit_ExceptHandler(self, node):
-        self.fill("except")
+        self.fill("except*" if self._in_try_star else "except")
         if node.type:
             self.write(" ")
             self.traverse(node.type)

Lib/importlib/_bootstrap_external.py

@@ -371,6 +371,7 @@ def _write_atomic(path, data, mode=0o666):
 #     Python 3.11a3 3464 (bpo-45636: Merge numeric BINARY_*/INPLACE_* into
 #                         BINARY_OP)
 #     Python 3.11a3 3465 (Add COPY_FREE_VARS opcode)
+#     Python 3.11a3 3466 (bpo-45292: PEP-654 except*)
 
 #
 # MAGIC must change whenever the bytecode emitted by the compiler may no
@@ -380,7 +381,7 @@ def _write_atomic(path, data, mode=0o666):
 # Whenever MAGIC_NUMBER is changed, the ranges in the magic_values array
 # in PC/launcher.c must also be updated.
 
-MAGIC_NUMBER = (3465).to_bytes(2, 'little') + b'\r\n'
+MAGIC_NUMBER = (3466).to_bytes(2, 'little') + b'\r\n'
 _RAW_MAGIC_NUMBER = int.from_bytes(MAGIC_NUMBER, 'little')  # For import.c
 
 _PYCACHE = '__pycache__'

Lib/opcode.py

@@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ def jabs_op(name, op):
 def_op('SETUP_ANNOTATIONS', 85)
 def_op('YIELD_VALUE', 86)
 
+def_op('PREP_RERAISE_STAR', 88)
 def_op('POP_EXCEPT', 89)
 
 HAVE_ARGUMENT = 90              # Opcodes from here have an argument:
@@ -150,6 +151,8 @@ def jabs_op(name, op):
 def_op('DELETE_FAST', 126)      # Local variable number
 haslocal.append(126)
 
+jabs_op('JUMP_IF_NOT_EG_MATCH', 127)
+
 def_op('GEN_START', 129)        # Kind of generator/coroutine
 def_op('RAISE_VARARGS', 130)    # Number of raise arguments (1, 2, or 3)
 def_op('CALL_FUNCTION', 131)    # #args

Lib/test/test_ast.py

@@ -86,6 +86,8 @@ def to_tuple(t):
     "try:\n  pass\nexcept Exception:\n  pass",
     # TryFinally
     "try:\n  pass\nfinally:\n  pass",
+    # TryStarExcept
+    "try:\n  pass\nexcept* Exception:\n  pass",
     # Assert
     "assert v",
     # Import
@@ -1310,6 +1312,26 @@ def test_try(self):
         t = ast.Try([p], e, [p], [ast.Expr(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()))])
         self.stmt(t, "must have Load context")
 
+    def test_try_star(self):
+        p = ast.Pass()
+        t = ast.TryStar([], [], [], [p])
+        self.stmt(t, "empty body on TryStar")
+        t = ast.TryStar([ast.Expr(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()))], [], [], [p])
+        self.stmt(t, "must have Load context")
+        t = ast.TryStar([p], [], [], [])
+        self.stmt(t, "TryStar has neither except handlers nor finalbody")
+        t = ast.TryStar([p], [], [p], [p])
+        self.stmt(t, "TryStar has orelse but no except handlers")
+        t = ast.TryStar([p], [ast.ExceptHandler(None, "x", [])], [], [])
+        self.stmt(t, "empty body on ExceptHandler")
+        e = [ast.ExceptHandler(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()), "y", [p])]
+        self.stmt(ast.TryStar([p], e, [], []), "must have Load context")
+        e = [ast.ExceptHandler(None, "x", [p])]
+        t = ast.TryStar([p], e, [ast.Expr(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()))], [p])
+        self.stmt(t, "must have Load context")
+        t = ast.TryStar([p], e, [p], [ast.Expr(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()))])
+        self.stmt(t, "must have Load context")
+
     def test_assert(self):
         self.stmt(ast.Assert(ast.Name("x", ast.Store()), None),
                   "must have Load context")
@@ -2316,6 +2338,7 @@ def main():
 ('Module', [('Raise', (1, 0, 1, 25), ('Call', (1, 6, 1, 25), ('Name', (1, 6, 1, 15), 'Exception', ('Load',)), [('Constant', (1, 16, 1, 24), 'string', None)], []), None)], []),
 ('Module', [('Try', (1, 0, 4, 6), [('Pass', (2, 2, 2, 6))], [('ExceptHandler', (3, 0, 4, 6), ('Name', (3, 7, 3, 16), 'Exception', ('Load',)), None, [('Pass', (4, 2, 4, 6))])], [], [])], []),
 ('Module', [('Try', (1, 0, 4, 6), [('Pass', (2, 2, 2, 6))], [], [], [('Pass', (4, 2, 4, 6))])], []),
+('Module', [('TryStar', (1, 0, 4, 6), [('Pass', (2, 2, 2, 6))], [('ExceptHandler', (3, 0, 4, 6), ('Name', (3, 8, 3, 17), 'Exception', ('Load',)), None, [('Pass', (4, 2, 4, 6))])], [], [])], []),
 ('Module', [('Assert', (1, 0, 1, 8), ('Name', (1, 7, 1, 8), 'v', ('Load',)), None)], []),
 ('Module', [('Import', (1, 0, 1, 10), [('alias', (1, 7, 1, 10), 'sys', None)])], []),
 ('Module', [('ImportFrom', (1, 0, 1, 17), 'sys', [('alias', (1, 16, 1, 17), 'v', None)], 0)], []),

Lib/test/test_compile.py

@@ -1263,6 +1263,39 @@ def test_try_except_as(self):
             """
         self.check_stack_size(snippet)
 
+    def test_try_except_star_qualified(self):
+        snippet = """
+            try:
+                a
+            except* ImportError:
+                b
+            else:
+                c
+            """
+        self.check_stack_size(snippet)
+
+    def test_try_except_star_as(self):
+        snippet = """
+            try:
+                a
+            except* ImportError as e:
+                b
+            else:
+                c
+            """
+        self.check_stack_size(snippet)
+
+    def test_try_except_star_finally(self):
+        snippet = """
+                try:
+                    a
+                except* A:
+                    b
+                finally:
+                    c
+            """
+        self.check_stack_size(snippet)
+
     def test_try_finally(self):
         snippet = """
                 try: