gh-112919: Speed-up datetime, date and time.replace()

Use argument clinic and call new_* functions directly. This speeds up
these functions 6x to 7.5x when calling with keyword arguments.

Before:
$ python -m timeit -s "from datetime import datetime; dt = datetime.now()" "dt.replace(microsecond=0)"
500000 loops, best of 5: 501 nsec per loop

$ python -m timeit -s "from datetime import date; d = date.today()" "d.replace(day=1)"
1000000 loops, best of 5: 273 nsec per loop

$ python -m timeit -s "from datetime import time; t = time()" "t.replace(microsecond=0)"
1000000 loops, best of 5: 338 nsec per loop

After:
$ python -m timeit -s "from datetime import datetime; dt = datetime.now()" "dt.replace(microsecond=0)"
5000000 loops, best of 5: 65.9 nsec per loop

$ python -m timeit -s "from datetime import date; d = date.today()" "d.replace(day=1)"
5000000 loops, best of 5: 45.6 nsec per loop

$ python -m timeit -s "from datetime import time; t = time()" "t.replace(microsecond=0)"
5000000 loops, best of 5: 51 nsec per loop

Author: eltoder

Include/internal/pycore_global_objects_fini_generated.h

@@ -362,6 +362,7 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(d)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(data)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(database)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(day)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(decode)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(decoder)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(default)
@@ -429,6 +430,7 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(fix_imports)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(flags)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(flush)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(fold)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(follow_symlinks)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(format)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(from_param)
@@ -459,6 +461,7 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(headers)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(hi)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(hook)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(hour)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(id)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(ident)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(identity_hint)
@@ -541,11 +544,14 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(metaclass)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(metadata)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(method)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(microsecond)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(minute)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(mod)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(mode)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(module)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(module_globals)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(modules)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(month)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(mro)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(msg)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(mycmp)
@@ -650,6 +656,7 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(salt)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(sched_priority)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(scheduler)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(second)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(seek)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(seekable)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(selectors)
@@ -725,6 +732,7 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(type)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(type_params)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(tz)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(tzinfo)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(tzname)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(uid)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(unlink)

Include/internal/pycore_global_strings.h

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Speed-up :func:`datetime.datetime.replace`, :func:`datetime.date.replace` and
+:func:`datetime.time.replace`.