diff --git a/src/poetry/console/commands/check.py b/src/poetry/console/commands/check.py
index bd672409a81..d6b6517d616 100644
--- a/src/poetry/console/commands/check.py
+++ b/src/poetry/console/commands/check.py
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ def _validate_readme(self, readme: str | list[str], poetry_file: Path) -> list[s
 
     def _validate_dependencies_source(self, config: dict[str, Any]) -> list[str]:
         """Check dependencies's source are valid"""
-        sources = {k["name"] for k in config.get("source", [])}
+        sources = {repository.name for repository in self.poetry.pool.all_repositories}
 
         dependency_declarations: list[
             dict[str, str | dict[str, str] | list[dict[str, str]]]
diff --git a/tests/console/commands/test_check.py b/tests/console/commands/test_check.py
index 5d0b0226d8d..ed71d7f60e6 100644
--- a/tests/console/commands/test_check.py
+++ b/tests/console/commands/test_check.py
@@ -43,6 +43,22 @@ def poetry_with_up_to_date_lockfile(
         yield Factory().create_poetry(cwd)
 
 
+@pytest.fixture
+def poetry_with_pypi_reference(
+    set_project_context: SetProjectContext,
+) -> Iterator[Poetry]:
+    with set_project_context("pypi_reference", in_place=False) as cwd:
+        yield Factory().create_poetry(cwd)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def poetry_with_invalid_pyproject(
+    set_project_context: SetProjectContext,
+) -> Iterator[Poetry]:
+    with set_project_context("invalid_pyproject", in_place=False) as cwd:
+        yield Factory().create_poetry(cwd)
+
+
 @pytest.fixture()
 def tester(
     command_tester_factory: CommandTesterFactory, poetry_simple_project: Poetry
@@ -111,19 +127,35 @@ def test_check_valid_legacy(
     assert tester.io.fetch_error() == expected
 
 
-def test_check_invalid(
+def test_check_invalid_dep_name_same_as_project_name(
     mocker: MockerFixture, tester: CommandTester, fixture_dir: FixtureDirGetter
 ) -> None:
     mocker.patch(
         "poetry.poetry.Poetry.file",
-        return_value=TOMLFile(fixture_dir("invalid_pyproject") / "pyproject.toml"),
+        return_value=TOMLFile(
+            fixture_dir("invalid_pyproject_dep_name") / "pyproject.toml"
+        ),
         new_callable=mocker.PropertyMock,
     )
+    tester.execute("")
+
+    expected = """\
+Error: Project name (invalid) is same as one of its dependencies
+"""
+
+    assert tester.io.fetch_error() == expected
+
 
+def test_check_invalid(
+    tester: CommandTester,
+    fixture_dir: FixtureDirGetter,
+    command_tester_factory: CommandTesterFactory,
+    poetry_with_invalid_pyproject: Poetry,
+) -> None:
+    tester = command_tester_factory("check", poetry=poetry_with_invalid_pyproject)
     tester.execute("--lock")
 
     expected = """\
-Error: Project name (invalid) is same as one of its dependencies
 Error: Unrecognized classifiers: ['Intended Audience :: Clowns'].
 Error: Declared README file does not exist: never/exists.md
 Error: Invalid source "not-exists" referenced in dependencies.
@@ -254,3 +286,14 @@ def test_check_lock_up_to_date(
 
     # exit with an error
     assert status_code == 0
+
+
+def test_check_does_not_error_on_pypi_reference(
+    command_tester_factory: CommandTesterFactory,
+    poetry_with_pypi_reference: Poetry,
+) -> None:
+    tester = command_tester_factory("check", poetry=poetry_with_pypi_reference)
+    status_code = tester.execute("")
+
+    assert tester.io.fetch_output() == "All set!\n"
+    assert status_code == 0
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/invalid_pyproject/pyproject.toml b/tests/fixtures/invalid_pyproject/pyproject.toml
index b830211ac6e..036c5a4aba0 100644
--- a/tests/fixtures/invalid_pyproject/pyproject.toml
+++ b/tests/fixtures/invalid_pyproject/pyproject.toml
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ readme = "never/exists.md"
 [tool.poetry.dependencies]
 python = "*"
 pendulum = {"version" = "^2.0.5", allows-prereleases = true}
-invalid = "1.0"
+invalid_dep = "1.0"
 invalid_source = { "version" = "*", source = "not-exists" }
 invalid_source_multi = [
     { "version" = "*", platform = "linux", source = "exists" },
@@ -26,3 +26,4 @@ invalid_source_multi = [
 [[tool.poetry.source]]
 name = "exists"
 priority = "explicit"
+url = "https://example.com"
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/invalid_pyproject_dep_name/pyproject.toml b/tests/fixtures/invalid_pyproject_dep_name/pyproject.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..2f75face1d9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/invalid_pyproject_dep_name/pyproject.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+[project]
+name = "invalid"
+version = "1.0.0"
+dynamic = ["dependencies"]
+
+[tool.poetry.dependencies]
+invalid = "1.0"
diff --git a/tests/fixtures/pypi_reference/pyproject.toml b/tests/fixtures/pypi_reference/pyproject.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..09e4872eb56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/fixtures/pypi_reference/pyproject.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[project]
+name = "foobar"
+version = "0.1.0"
+description = ""
+authors = [
+    { name = "Poetry Developer", email =  "<developer@python-poetry.org>" }
+]
+dynamic = ["dependencies", "requires-python"]
+
+[tool.poetry.dependencies]
+python = "^3.8"
+docker = { version = ">=4.3.1", source = "PyPI" }
+
+[build-system]
+requires = ["poetry-core>=1.0.0"]
+build-backend = "poetry.core.masonry.api"
diff --git a/tests/test_factory.py b/tests/test_factory.py
index ddd4ae657a4..215f5171b20 100644
--- a/tests/test_factory.py
+++ b/tests/test_factory.py
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@ def test_create_poetry_fails_on_invalid_configuration(
     fixture_dir: FixtureDirGetter,
 ) -> None:
     with pytest.raises(RuntimeError) as e:
-        Factory().create_poetry(fixture_dir("invalid_pyproject"))
+        Factory().create_poetry(fixture_dir("invalid_pyproject_dep_name"))
 
     expected = """\
 The Poetry configuration is invalid: