Merge pull request #21 from ps-wiki/misc

Add term QSTS

Author: jinningwang

_wiki/quasi-static-simulation.md

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+title: Quasi-Static Simulation
+description: A sequence of power flow analysis.
+tags:
+  - stability
+  - nerc
+  - ieee
+  - ieee-task-force
+  - cigre
+  - article
+related:
+  - security
+  - reliability
+authors:
+  - name: Jinning Wang
+    url: https://jinningwang.github.io
+version: 1.0.0
+date: 2025-11-30
+lastmod: 2025-11-30
+generated: 2025-11-30
+---
+
+### Definition in an IEEE Standard
+
+Source: <d-cite key="ieee2014std1547"></d-cite> p77
+
+> Quasi-static simulation refers to a sequence of steady-state power flow conducted at a time step of no less than 1 second but that can use a time step of up to one hour. Discrete controls, such as capacitor switch controllers, transformer tap changers, automatic switches, and relays may change their state from one step to the next. However, there is no numerical integration of differential equations between time steps. A simple quasi-static simulator can be implemented with existing power flow or short-circuit programs under supervisory control. Open-source quasi-static simulators are also available.
+
+### Definition in a Presentation
+
+Source: <d-cite key="reno2017qsts"></d-cite>
+
+> QSTS (Quasi-Static Time Series) solves a series of sequential steady-state power-flow solutions where the converged state of each iteration is used as the beginning state of the next. This caprtures time-varying parameters such as load, and the time-dependent states in the system such as regulator tap positions.
+
+### Definition in a Book
+
+Source: <d-cite key="milano2010power"></d-cite> p213
+
+> In some applications, the variations of the inputs are relatively slow with respect to transient dynamics. A relevant example is the study of the effect of long term voltage stability phenomena, such as the daily load ramp or voltage collapse. In this case load powers are modelled as time dependent controllable parameters $\eta(t)$. Since load variations take from tens of minutes to some hours, any transient dynamic can be considered steady-state. The resulting system equations are obtained by imposing $\dot{x} = 0$ in (8.12):
+>
+> $0= f(x, y, \eta(t))$
+>
+> $0= g(x, y, \eta(t))$
+>
+> which is generally referred to as quasi-static or quasi-steady-state model.

assets/bibliography/papers.bib

@@ -1942,3 +1942,67 @@ @article{li2025translating
   electricity, improving equity in the affordability of electricity, and improving equity in the resilience of power systems. We then set out a roadmap to
   address ongoing research challenges in energy equity.},
 }
+
+@article{ieee2014std1547,
+  abbr = {Industry},
+  author = {IEEE},
+  journal = {IEEE Std 1547.7-2013}, 
+  title = {IEEE Guide for Conducting Distribution Impact Studies for Distributed Resource Interconnection}, 
+  year = {2014},
+  volume = {},
+  number = {},
+  pages = {1-137},
+  doi = {10.1109/IEEESTD.2014.6748837},
+  dimensions = {true},
+  abstract = {IEEE Std 1547.7™ is part of the IEEE 1547™ series of standards. Whereas IEEE Std 1547™-2003 provides mandatory requirements
+  for the interconnection of distributed resources (DR) with electric power systems (EPS), this guide does not presume the interconnection
+  is IEEE 1547™ compliant. Further, this guide does not interpret IEEE Std 1547™ or other standards in the IEEE 1547™ series, and this guide
+  does not provide additional requirements or recommended practices related to the other IEEE 1547™ documents. However, DR interconnection
+  may contribute to resultant conditions that could exceed what was normally planned for and built into the distribution system. This guide
+  provides alternative approaches and good practices for engineering studies of the potential impacts of a DR or aggregate DR interconnected
+  to the electric power distribution system. This guide describes criteria, scope, and extent for those engineering studies. Study scope and
+  extent are described as functions of identifiable characteristics of the DR, the EPS, and the interconnection. The intent includes promoting
+  impact study consistency while helping identify only those studies that should be performed based on technically transparent criteria for the
+  DR interconnection.},
+}
+
+@inproceedings{reno2017qsts,
+  abbr = {Article},
+  author = {Reno, Matthew J. and Deboever, Jeremiah and Mather, Barry},
+  booktitle = {2017 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting}, 
+  title = {Motivation and requirements for quasi-static time series (QSTS) for distribution system analysis}, 
+  year = {2017},
+  volume = {},
+  number = {},
+  pages = {1-5},
+  doi = {10.1109/PESGM.2017.8274703},
+  dimensions = {true},
+  bibtex_show = {true},
+  abstract = {Distribution system analysis with ever increasing numbers of distributed energy resources (DER) requires quasistatic time-series
+  (QSTS) analysis to capture the time-varying and time-dependent aspects of the system. Previous literature has demonstrated the benefits of QSTS,
+  but there is limited information available for the requirements and standards for performing QSTS simulations. This paper provides a novel
+  analysis of the QSTS requirements for the input data timeresolution, the simulation time-step resolution, and the length of the simulation.
+  Detailed simulations quantify the specific errors introduced by not performing yearlong high-resolution QSTS simulations.},
+}
+
+@book{milano2010power,
+  title = {Power System Modelling and Scripting},
+  isbn = {9783642136696},
+  issn = {1860-4676},
+  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13669-6},
+  doi = {10.1007/978-3-642-13669-6},
+  journal = {Power Systems},
+  publisher = {Springer Berlin Heidelberg},
+  author = {Milano,  Federico},
+  year = {2010},
+  bibtex_show = {true},
+  abstract = {Power system modelling and scripting is a quite general and ambitious title. Of course, to embrace all existing aspects of power
+  system modelling would lead to an encyclopedia and would be likely an impossible task. Thus, the book focuses on a subset of power system models
+  based on the following assumptions: (i) devices are modelled as a set of nonlinear differential algebraic equations, (ii) all alternate-current
+  devices are operating in three-phase balanced fundamental frequency, and (iii) the time frame of the dynamics of interest ranges from tenths to
+  tens of seconds. These assumptions basically restrict the analysis to transient stability phenomena and generator controls. The modelling step
+  is not self-sufficient. Mathematical models have to be translated into computer programming code in order to be analyzed, understood and
+  “experienced”. It is an object of the book to provide a general framework for a power system analysis software tool and hints for filling up
+  this framework with versatile programming code. This book is for all students and researchers that are looking for a quick reference on power
+  system models or need some guidelines for starting the challenging adventure of writing their own code.},
+}

database/build/index.json

@@ -1223,6 +1223,20 @@
       ],
       "updated_at": "2025-06-22"
     },
+    {
+      "id": "quasi-static-simulation",
+      "title": "Quasi-Static Simulation",
+      "summary": "A sequence of power flow analysis.",
+      "tags": [
+        "stability",
+        "nerc",
+        "ieee",
+        "ieee-task-force",
+        "cigre",
+        "article"
+      ],
+      "updated_at": "2025-11-30"
+    },
     {
       "id": "ramp",
       "title": "Ramp",
@@ -1879,5 +1893,5 @@
       "updated_at": "2025-11-02"
     }
   ],
-  "generated_at": "2025-11-30T00:31:51Z"
+  "generated_at": "2025-12-01T05:15:13Z"
 }

database/build/tags.json

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
   "tags": [
     {
       "tag": "nerc",
-      "count": 54
+      "count": 55
     },
     {
       "tag": "system-operator",
@@ -14,11 +14,11 @@
     },
     {
       "tag": "ieee",
-      "count": 24
+      "count": 25
     },
     {
       "tag": "stability",
-      "count": 23
+      "count": 24
     },
     {
       "tag": "frequency-control",
@@ -29,12 +29,12 @@
       "count": 21
     },
     {
-      "tag": "reliability",
+      "tag": "article",
       "count": 19
     },
     {
-      "tag": "article",
-      "count": 18
+      "tag": "reliability",
+      "count": 19
     },
     {
       "tag": "market",
@@ -65,16 +65,16 @@
       "count": 11
     },
     {
-      "tag": "metrics",
+      "tag": "ieee-task-force",
       "count": 10
     },
     {
-      "tag": "nyiso",
+      "tag": "metrics",
       "count": 10
     },
     {
-      "tag": "ieee-task-force",
-      "count": 9
+      "tag": "nyiso",
+      "count": 10
     },
     {
       "tag": "generation",
@@ -113,12 +113,12 @@
       "count": 4
     },
     {
-      "tag": "standard",
+      "tag": "cigre",
       "count": 4
     },
     {
-      "tag": "cigre",
-      "count": 3
+      "tag": "standard",
+      "count": 4
     },
     {
       "tag": "dispatch",

database/json/quasi-static-simulation.json

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+{
+  "$schema": "https://ps-wiki.github.io/schema/v1/term.schema.json",
+  "id": "quasi-static-simulation",
+  "title": "Quasi-Static Simulation",
+  "description": "A sequence of power flow analysis.",
+  "language": "en",
+  "tags": [
+    "stability",
+    "nerc",
+    "ieee",
+    "ieee-task-force",
+    "cigre",
+    "article"
+  ],
+  "related": [
+    "security",
+    "reliability"
+  ],
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "breaking": false,
+  "dates": {
+    "created": "2025-11-30",
+    "last_modified": "2025-11-30"
+  },
+  "authors": [
+    {
+      "name": "Jinning Wang",
+      "url": "https://jinningwang.github.io"
+    }
+  ],
+  "content": {
+    "sections": [
+      {
+        "order": 1,
+        "id": "definition-in-an-ieee-standard",
+        "title": "Definition in an IEEE Standard",
+        "type": "definition",
+        "source_keys": [
+          "ieee2014std1547"
+        ],
+        "page": "p77",
+        "body_md": "> Quasi-static simulation refers to a sequence of steady-state power flow conducted at a time step of no less than 1 second but that can use a time step of up to one hour. Discrete controls, such as capacitor switch controllers, transformer tap changers, automatic switches, and relays may change their state from one step to the next. However, there is no numerical integration of differential equations between time steps. A simple quasi-static simulator can be implemented with existing power flow or short-circuit programs under supervisory control. Open-source quasi-static simulators are also available.\n"
+      },
+      {
+        "order": 2,
+        "id": "definition-in-a-presentation",
+        "title": "Definition in a Presentation",
+        "type": "definition",
+        "source_keys": [
+          "reno2017qsts"
+        ],
+        "page": null,
+        "body_md": "> QSTS (Quasi-Static Time Series) solves a series of sequential steady-state power-flow solutions where the converged state of each iteration is used as the beginning state of the next. This caprtures time-varying parameters such as load, and the time-dependent states in the system such as regulator tap positions.\n"
+      },
+      {
+        "order": 3,
+        "id": "definition-in-a-book",
+        "title": "Definition in a Book",
+        "type": "definition",
+        "source_keys": [
+          "milano2010power"
+        ],
+        "page": "p213",
+        "body_md": "> In some applications, the variations of the inputs are relatively slow with respect to transient dynamics. A relevant example is the study of the effect of long term voltage stability phenomena, such as the daily load ramp or voltage collapse. In this case load powers are modelled as time dependent controllable parameters $\\eta(t)$. Since load variations take from tens of minutes to some hours, any transient dynamic can be considered steady-state. The resulting system equations are obtained by imposing $\\dot{x} = 0$ in (8.12):\n>\n> $0= f(x, y, \\eta(t))$\n>\n> $0= g(x, y, \\eta(t))$\n>\n> which is generally referred to as quasi-static or quasi-steady-state model.\n"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}