Added compression support in pushgateway

docs/content/exporting/pushgateway.md

@@ -54,6 +54,20 @@ g.set_to_current_time()
 push_to_gateway('localhost:9091', job='batchA', registry=registry, handler=my_auth_handler)
 ```
 
+# Compressing data before sending to pushgateway
+Pushgateway (version >= 1.5.0) supports gzip and snappy compression (v > 1.6.0). This can help in network constrained environments.
+To compress a push request, set the `compression` argument to `'gzip'` or `'snappy'`:
+```python
+push_to_gateway(
+    'localhost:9091',
+    job='batchA',
+    registry=registry,
+    handler=my_auth_handler,
+    compression='gzip',
+)
+```
+Snappy compression requires the optional [`python-snappy`](https://github.com/andrix/python-snappy) package.
+
 TLS Auth is also supported when using the push gateway with a special handler.
 
 ```python

prometheus_client/exposition.py

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 import ssl
 import sys
 import threading
-from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Union, Literal
 from urllib.error import HTTPError
 from urllib.parse import parse_qs, quote_plus, urlparse
 from urllib.request import (
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@
 """Content type of the latest format"""
 
 CONTENT_TYPE_LATEST = CONTENT_TYPE_PLAIN_1_0_0
+CompressionType = Optional[Literal['gzip', 'snappy']]
 
 
 class _PrometheusRedirectHandler(HTTPRedirectHandler):
@@ -596,6 +597,7 @@ def push_to_gateway(
         grouping_key: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
         timeout: Optional[float] = 30,
         handler: Callable = default_handler,
+        compression: CompressionType = None,
 ) -> None:
     """Push metrics to the given pushgateway.
 
@@ -632,10 +634,12 @@ def push_to_gateway(
               failure.
               'content' is the data which should be used to form the HTTP
               Message Body.
+    `compression` selects the payload compression. Supported values are 'gzip'
+                  and 'snappy'. Defaults to None (no compression).
 
     This overwrites all metrics with the same job and grouping_key.
     This uses the PUT HTTP method."""
-    _use_gateway('PUT', gateway, job, registry, grouping_key, timeout, handler)
+    _use_gateway('PUT', gateway, job, registry, grouping_key, timeout, handler, compression)
 
 
 def pushadd_to_gateway(
@@ -645,6 +649,7 @@ def pushadd_to_gateway(
         grouping_key: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
         timeout: Optional[float] = 30,
         handler: Callable = default_handler,
+        compression: CompressionType = None,
 ) -> None:
     """PushAdd metrics to the given pushgateway.
 
@@ -663,10 +668,12 @@ def pushadd_to_gateway(
               will be carried out by a default handler.
               See the 'prometheus_client.push_to_gateway' documentation
               for implementation requirements.
+    `compression` selects the payload compression. Supported values are 'gzip'
+                  and 'snappy'. Defaults to None (no compression).
 
     This replaces metrics with the same name, job and grouping_key.
     This uses the POST HTTP method."""
-    _use_gateway('POST', gateway, job, registry, grouping_key, timeout, handler)
+    _use_gateway('POST', gateway, job, registry, grouping_key, timeout, handler, compression)
 
 
 def delete_from_gateway(
@@ -706,6 +713,7 @@ def _use_gateway(
         grouping_key: Optional[Dict[str, Any]],
         timeout: Optional[float],
         handler: Callable,
+        compression: CompressionType = None,
 ) -> None:
     gateway_url = urlparse(gateway)
     # See https://bugs.python.org/issue27657 for details on urlparse in py>=3.7.6.
@@ -715,24 +723,52 @@ def _use_gateway(
     gateway = gateway.rstrip('/')
     url = '{}/metrics/{}/{}'.format(gateway, *_escape_grouping_key("job", job))
 
-    data = b''
-    if method != 'DELETE':
-        if registry is None:
-            registry = REGISTRY
-        data = generate_latest(registry)
-
     if grouping_key is None:
         grouping_key = {}
     url += ''.join(
         '/{}/{}'.format(*_escape_grouping_key(str(k), str(v)))
         for k, v in sorted(grouping_key.items()))
 
+    data = b''
+    headers = [('Content-Type', CONTENT_TYPE_PLAIN_0_0_4)]
+    if method != 'DELETE':
+        if registry is None:
+            registry = REGISTRY
+        data = generate_latest(registry)
+        data, headers = _compress_payload(data, compression)
+    elif compression is not None:
+        raise ValueError('Compression is not supported for DELETE requests.')
+
     handler(
         url=url, method=method, timeout=timeout,
-        headers=[('Content-Type', CONTENT_TYPE_PLAIN_0_0_4)], data=data,
+        headers=headers, data=data,
     )()
 
 
+def _compress_payload(data: bytes, compression: CompressionType) -> Tuple[bytes, List[Tuple[str, str]]]:
+    headers = [('Content-Type', CONTENT_TYPE_PLAIN_0_0_4)]
+    if compression is None:
+        return data, headers
+
+    encoding = compression.lower()
+    if encoding == 'gzip':
+        headers.append(('Content-Encoding', 'gzip'))
+        return gzip.compress(data), headers
+    if encoding == 'snappy':
+        try:
+            import snappy
+        except ImportError as exc:
+            raise RuntimeError('Snappy compression requires the python-snappy package to be installed.') from exc
+        headers.append(('Content-Encoding', 'snappy'))
+        compressor = snappy.StreamCompressor()
+        compressed = compressor.compress(data)
+        flush = getattr(compressor, 'flush', None)
+        if callable(flush):
+            compressed += flush()
+        return compressed, headers
+    raise ValueError(f"Unsupported compression type: {compression}")
+
+
 def _escape_grouping_key(k, v):
     if v == "":
         # Per https://github.com/prometheus/pushgateway/pull/346.

tests/test_exposition.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import gzip
 from http.server import BaseHTTPRequestHandler, HTTPServer
 import os
 import threading
@@ -404,6 +405,30 @@ def test_push_with_trailing_slash(self):
 
         self.assertNotIn('//', self.requests[0][0].path)
 
+    def test_push_with_gzip_compression(self):
+        push_to_gateway(self.address, "my_job", self.registry, compression='gzip')
+        request, body = self.requests[0]
+        self.assertEqual(request.headers.get('content-encoding'), 'gzip')
+        decompressed = gzip.decompress(body)
+        self.assertEqual(decompressed, b'# HELP g help\n# TYPE g gauge\ng 0.0\n')
+
+    def test_push_with_snappy_compression(self):
+        snappy = pytest.importorskip('snappy')
+        push_to_gateway(self.address, "my_job", self.registry, compression='snappy')
+        request, body = self.requests[0]
+        self.assertEqual(request.headers.get('content-encoding'), 'snappy')
+        decompressor = snappy.StreamDecompressor()
+        decompressed = decompressor.decompress(body)
+        flush = getattr(decompressor, 'flush', None)
+        if callable(flush):
+            decompressed += flush()
+        self.assertEqual(decompressed, b'# HELP g help\n# TYPE g gauge\ng 0.0\n')
+
+    def test_push_with_invalid_compression(self):
+        with self.assertRaisesRegex(ValueError, 'Unsupported compression type'):
+            push_to_gateway(self.address, "my_job", self.registry, compression='brotli')
+        self.assertEqual(self.requests, [])
+
     def test_instance_ip_grouping_key(self):
         self.assertTrue('' != instance_ip_grouping_key()['instance'])