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As of April 2023, releases of the PROIEL Treebank have moved to https://github.com/syntacticus/syntacticus-treebank-data.

The PROIEL Treebank

The PROIEL Treebank is a dependency treebank with morphosyntactic and information-structure annotation. It includes texts in several ancient Indo-European languages and is freely available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License.

Please cite as

Dag T. T. Haug and Marius L. Jøhndal. 2008. 'Creating a Parallel Treebank of the Old Indo-European Bible Translations'. In Caroline Sporleder and Kiril Ribarov (eds.). Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Language Technology for Cultural Heritage Data (LaTeCH 2008) (2008), pp. 27-34.

Releases of the PROIEL Treebank are hosted on Github.

Contents

The following texts are included in this release of the treebank:

Text Language Filename Size
The Greek New Testament (ed. Tischendorf 1869) Ancient Greek greek-nt 140,763 tokens
The Armenian New Testament (ed. Künzle 1984) Classical Armenian armenian-nt 23,513 tokens
The Gothic Bible (ed. Streitberg 1919) Gothic gothic-nt 57,211 tokens
Codex Marianus (ed. Jagić 1883) Old Church Slavonic marianus 58,269 tokens
Jerome's Vulgate Latin latin-nt 112,454 tokens
Caesar, Commentarii belli Gallici (ed. Holmes 1914) Latin caes-gal 28,607 tokens
Cicero, De officiis (ed. Miller 1913) Latin cic-off 10,644 tokens
Cicero, Epistulae ad Atticum (ed. Purser 1901) Latin cic-att 42,855 tokens
Palladius, Opus agriculturae (ed. Schmitt 1898) Latin pal-agr 12,148 tokens
Peregrinatio Aetheriae (ed. Heraeus 1908) Latin per-aeth 18,356 tokens
Herodotus, Histories (ed. Godley 1920) Ancient Greek hdt 85,080 tokens
Sphrantzes, Chronicles (post-1453) (ed. Grecu 1966) Ancient Greek chron 24,612 tokens

(The 'size' column in the table above shows the number of annotated tokens in a text. The number of tokens will be slightly larger than the number of words in the original printed edition as some words have been split into multiple tokens and some tokens have been inserted during annotation.)

Please see the XML files for detailed metadata and a full list of contributors.

Some sentences have not yet been annotated. This is an overview of where in the texts unannotated sentences occur:

Sections in which more than half of sentences have not yet been annotated:

  • armenian-nt: JOHN 1-21, MATT 1-28, MARK 1-16
  • caes-gal: 5.8-5.58, books 7, book 8
  • cic-att: 6.2-6.9, 7.2-7.9, 7.11-7.26, 8.1-8.16
  • cic-off: 1.114-1.161, book 2, book 3
  • greek-nt: HEB 13, 1PET 3-5, 2PET 1-3, 1JOHN 1-5, 2JOHN 1, 3JOHN 1, JUDE 1
  • hdt: 1.70, 1.127-1.130, 1.200, book 2, book 3, 4.1-4.156, 5.94-5.101, 6.82, 6.86, 7.1, 7.31, 8.8-8.144, book 9
  • latin-nt: COL 3-4, 1TIM 1-6, 2TIM 1-3, HEB 1-13, JAS 1-5, 1PET 1-5, 2PET 1-3, 1JOHN 1-5, 2JOHN 1, 3JOHN 1
  • pal-agr: 2.12, 3.13-3.34, books 4-14

Sections or section ranges in which there are gaps:

  • armenian-nt: LUKE 3
  • caes-gal: 6.36
  • cic-att: 1.17-1.20, 2.3-2.24, 3.20-3.23, 4.2-4.19, 5.2-5.21, 6.1, 7.1
  • cic-off: 1.7-1.10, 1.38, 1.48, 1.61, 1.100, 1.106, 1.112, 1.133
  • hdt: 1.45-1.69, 1.126, 1.141-1.216, 4.157-4.198, 5.1-5.109, 6.12-6.138, 7.2-7.198, 7.220-7.234, 8.3-8.7
  • latin-nt: ACTS 21-28, ROM 11, ROM 13, GAL 1-6, EPH 3-5, PHIL 1, PHIL 3, COL 1-2, 2THESS 3, 2TIM 4, JUDE 1
  • marianus: MATT 5, MARK 16, LUKE 2, LUKE 24, JOHN 1-2, JOHN 18, JOHN 20
  • pal-agr: 1.4-1.12, 1.35-1.40, 2.3, 2.9-2.23, 3.9-3.10

These gaps will be completed in future releases.

Data formats

The texts are available on two formats:

  1. PROIEL XML: These files are the authoritative source files and the only ones that contain all available annotation. They contain the complete morphological, syntactic and information-structure annotation, as well as the complete text, including punctuation, section headers etc. The schema is defined in proiel.xsd.

  2. CoNLL-X format