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osscan2.cc
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/***************************************************************************
* osscan2.cc -- Routines used for 2nd Generation OS detection via *
* TCP/IP fingerprinting. * For more information on how this works in *
* Nmap, see http://insecure.org/nmap/osdetect/ *
* *
***********************IMPORTANT NMAP LICENSE TERMS************************
* *
* The Nmap Security Scanner is (C) 1996-2006 Insecure.Com LLC. Nmap is *
* also a registered trademark of Insecure.Com LLC. This program is free *
* software; you may redistribute and/or modify it under the terms of the *
* GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software *
* Foundation; Version 2 with the clarifications and exceptions described *
* below. This guarantees your right to use, modify, and redistribute *
* this software under certain conditions. If you wish to embed Nmap *
* technology into proprietary software, we sell alternative licenses *
* (contact sales@insecure.com). Dozens of software vendors already *
* license Nmap technology such as host discovery, port scanning, OS *
* detection, and version detection. *
* *
* Note that the GPL places important restrictions on "derived works", yet *
* it does not provide a detailed definition of that term. To avoid *
* misunderstandings, we consider an application to constitute a *
* "derivative work" for the purpose of this license if it does any of the *
* following: *
* o Integrates source code from Nmap *
* o Reads or includes Nmap copyrighted data files, such as *
* nmap-os-fingerprints or nmap-service-probes. *
* o Executes Nmap and parses the results (as opposed to typical shell or *
* execution-menu apps, which simply display raw Nmap output and so are *
* not derivative works.) *
* o Integrates/includes/aggregates Nmap into a proprietary executable *
* installer, such as those produced by InstallShield. *
* o Links to a library or executes a program that does any of the above *
* *
* The term "Nmap" should be taken to also include any portions or derived *
* works of Nmap. This list is not exclusive, but is just meant to *
* clarify our interpretation of derived works with some common examples. *
* These restrictions only apply when you actually redistribute Nmap. For *
* example, nothing stops you from writing and selling a proprietary *
* front-end to Nmap. Just distribute it by itself, and point people to *
* http://insecure.org/nmap/ to download Nmap. *
* *
* We don't consider these to be added restrictions on top of the GPL, but *
* just a clarification of how we interpret "derived works" as it applies *
* to our GPL-licensed Nmap product. This is similar to the way Linus *
* Torvalds has announced his interpretation of how "derived works" *
* applies to Linux kernel modules. Our interpretation refers only to *
* Nmap - we don't speak for any other GPL products. *
* *
* If you have any questions about the GPL licensing restrictions on using *
* Nmap in non-GPL works, we would be happy to help. As mentioned above, *
* we also offer alternative license to integrate Nmap into proprietary *
* applications and appliances. These contracts have been sold to dozens *
* of software vendors, and generally include a perpetual license as well *
* as providing for priority support and updates as well as helping to *
* fund the continued development of Nmap technology. Please email *
* sales@insecure.com for further information. *
* *
* As a special exception to the GPL terms, Insecure.Com LLC grants *
* permission to link the code of this program with any version of the *
* OpenSSL library which is distributed under a license identical to that *
* listed in the included Copying.OpenSSL file, and distribute linked *
* combinations including the two. You must obey the GNU GPL in all *
* respects for all of the code used other than OpenSSL. If you modify *
* this file, you may extend this exception to your version of the file, *
* but you are not obligated to do so. *
* *
* If you received these files with a written license agreement or *
* contract stating terms other than the terms above, then that *
* alternative license agreement takes precedence over these comments. *
* *
* Source is provided to this software because we believe users have a *
* right to know exactly what a program is going to do before they run it. *
* This also allows you to audit the software for security holes (none *
* have been found so far). *
* *
* Source code also allows you to port Nmap to new platforms, fix bugs, *
* and add new features. You are highly encouraged to send your changes *
* to fyodor@insecure.org for possible incorporation into the main *
* distribution. By sending these changes to Fyodor or one the *
* Insecure.Org development mailing lists, it is assumed that you are *
* offering Fyodor and Insecure.Com LLC the unlimited, non-exclusive right *
* to reuse, modify, and relicense the code. Nmap will always be *
* available Open Source, but this is important because the inability to *
* relicense code has caused devastating problems for other Free Software *
* projects (such as KDE and NASM). We also occasionally relicense the *
* code to third parties as discussed above. If you wish to specify *
* special license conditions of your contributions, just say so when you *
* send them. *
* *
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but *
* WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of *
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU *
* General Public License for more details at *
* http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html , or in the COPYING file included *
* with Nmap. *
* *
***************************************************************************/
/* $Id: osscan.cc 3636 2006-07-04 23:04:56Z fyodor $ */
#include "osscan.h"
#include "osscan2.h"
#include "timing.h"
#include "NmapOps.h"
#include <dnet.h>
#include <list>
#define NUM_FPTESTS 13
#define MAX_SCAN_ROUND 3
// The minimum (and target) amount of time to wait between probes
// sent to a single host, in milliseconds.
#define OS_PROBE_DELAY 25
// The target amount of time to wait between sequencing probes sent to
// a single host, in milliseconds. The ideal is 500ms because of the
// common 2Hz timestamp frequencies. Less than 500ms and we might not
// see any change in the TS counter (and it gets less accurate even if
// we do). More than 500MS and we risk having two changes (and it
// gets less accurate even if we have just one). So we delay 100MS
// between probes, leaving 500MS between 1st and 6th.
#define OS_SEQ_PROBE_DELAY 100
using namespace std;
extern NmapOps o;
/* 8 options:
* 0~5: six options for SEQ/OPS/WIN/T1 probes.
* 6: ECN probe.
* 7-12: T2~T7 probes.
*
* option 0: WScale (10), Nop, MSS (1460), Timestamp, SackP
* option 1: MSS (1400), WScale (0), Nop, SackP, T
* option 2: T, Nop, Nop, WScale (5), Nop, MSS (640)
* option 3: SackP, T, WScale (10), Nop
* option 4: MSS (536), SackP, T, WScale (10), Nop
* option 5: MSS (265), SackP, Nop, Nop, T, Nop, End
* option 6: WScale (10), Nop, MSS (1460), SackP, Nop, Nop
* option 7-11: WScale (10), Nop, MSS (265), T, SackP
* option 12: WScale (15), Nop, MSS (265), T, SackP
*/
static struct {
u8* val;
int len;
} prbOpts[] = {
{(u8*) "\003\003\012\001\002\004\005\264\010\012\377\377\377\377\000\000\000\000\004\002", 20},
{(u8*) "\002\004\005\170\003\003\000\004\002\010\012\377\377\377\377\000\000\000\000\0", 20},
{(u8*) "\010\012\377\377\377\377\000\000\000\000\001\001\003\003\005\001\002\004\002\200", 20},
{(u8*) "\004\002\010\012\377\377\377\377\000\000\000\000\003\003\012\0", 16},
{(u8*) "\002\004\002\030\004\002\010\012\377\377\377\377\000\000\000\000\003\003\012\0", 20},
{(u8*) "\002\004\001\011\004\002\010\012\377\377\377\377\000\000\000\000", 16},
{(u8*) "\003\003\012\001\002\004\005\264\004\002\001\001", 12},
{(u8*) "\003\003\012\001\002\004\001\011\010\012\377\377\377\377\000\000\000\000\004\002", 20},
{(u8*) "\003\003\012\001\002\004\001\011\010\012\377\377\377\377\000\000\000\000\004\002", 20},
{(u8*) "\003\003\012\001\002\004\001\011\010\012\377\377\377\377\000\000\000\000\004\002", 20},
{(u8*) "\003\003\012\001\002\004\001\011\010\012\377\377\377\377\000\000\000\000\004\002", 20},
{(u8*) "\003\003\012\001\002\004\001\011\010\012\377\377\377\377\000\000\000\000\004\002", 20},
{(u8*) "\003\003\017\001\002\004\001\011\010\012\377\377\377\377\000\000\000\000\004\002", 20}
};
/* Numbering is the same as for prbOpts[] */
u16 prbWindowSz[] = { 1, 63, 4, 4, 16, 512, 3, 128, 256, 1024, 31337, 32768, 65535 };
/* A global now. Updated after potentially meaningful delays. This can
* be used to save a call to gettimeofday()
*/
static struct timeval now;
class OFProbe;
class HostOsScanStats;
class HostOsScan;
class HostOsScanInfo;
class OsScanInfo;
/* Performance tuning variable. */
struct os_scan_performance_vars {
int low_cwnd; /* The lowest cwnd (congestion window) allowed */
int host_initial_cwnd; /* Initial congestion window for ind. hosts */
int group_initial_cwnd; /* Initial congestion window for all hosts as a group */
int max_cwnd; /* I should never have more than this many probes
outstanding */
int quick_incr; /* How many probes are incremented for each response
in quick start mode */
int cc_incr; /* How many probes are incremented per (roughly) rtt in
congestion control mode */
int initial_ccthresh;
/* When a successful ping response comes back, it counts as this many
"normal" responses, because the fact that pings are neccessary means
we aren't getting much input. */
int ping_magnifier;
/* Try to send a scanping if no response has been received from a target host
in this many usecs */
int pingtime;
double group_drop_cwnd_divisor; /* all-host group cwnd divided by this
value if any packet drop occurs */
double group_drop_ccthresh_divisor; /* used to drop the group ccthresh when
any drop occurs */
double host_drop_ccthresh_divisor; /* used to drop the host ccthresh when
any drop occurs */
int tryno_cap; /* The maximum trynumber (starts at zero) allowed */
} perf;
/* Some of the algorithms used here are TCP congestion control
techniques from RFC2581. */
struct osscan_timing_vals {
double cwnd; /* Congestion window - in probes */
/* The threshold after which mode is changed from QUICK_START to
CONGESTION_CONTROL */
int ccthresh;
/* Number of updates to this utv (generally packet receipts ) */
int num_updates;
/* Last time values were adjusted for a drop (you usually only want
to adjust again based on probes sent after that adjustment so a
sudden batch of drops doesn't destroy timing. Init to now */
struct timeval last_drop;
};
typedef enum OFProbeType {
OFP_UNSET,
OFP_TSEQ,
OFP_TOPS,
OFP_TECN,
OFP_T1_7,
OFP_TICMP,
OFP_TUDP
} OFProbeType;
class OFProbe
{
public:
OFProbe();
/* The literal string for the current probe type. */
const char *typestr();
/* Type of the probe: for what os fingerprinting test? */
OFProbeType type;
/* Subid of this probe to separate different tcp/udp/icmp. */
int subid;
int tryno; /* Try (retransmission) number of this probe */
/* A packet may be timedout for a while before being retransmitted
due to packet sending rate limitations */
bool retransmitted;
struct timeval sent;
/* Time the previous probe was sent, if this is a retransmit (tryno > 0) */
struct timeval prevSent;
};
/*
* HostOsScanStats stores the status for a host being scanned
* in a scan round.
*/
class HostOsScanStats
{
friend class HostOsScan;
public:
HostOsScanStats(Target *t);
~HostOsScanStats();
void initScanStats();
void addNewProbe(OFProbeType type, int subid);
void removeActiveProbe(list<OFProbe *>::iterator probeI);
/* Get an active probe from active probe list identified by probe type
and subid. returns probesActive.end() if there isn't one. */
list<OFProbe *>::iterator getActiveProbe(OFProbeType type, int subid);
void moveProbeToActiveList(list<OFProbe *>::iterator probeI);
void moveProbeToUnSendList(list<OFProbe *>::iterator probeI);
unsigned int numProbesToSend() {return probesToSend.size();}
unsigned int numProbesActive() {return probesActive.size();}
FingerPrint *getFP() {fpPassed = true; return FP;}
Target *target; /* the Target */
struct seq_info si;
struct ipid_info ipid;
/*
* distance, distance_guess: hop count between us and the target.
*
* Possible values of distance:
* 0: when scan self;
* 1: when scan a target on the same network segment;
* >=1: not self, not same network and nmap has got the icmp reply to the U1 probe.
* -1: none of the above situations.
*
* Possible values of distance_guess:
* -1: nmap fails to get a valid ttl by all kinds of probes.
* >=1: a guessing value based on ttl.
*/
int distance;
int distance_guess;
/* Returns the amount of time taken between sending 1st tseq probe
and the 1st ICMP probe divided by the amount of time it should
have taken. Ratios far from 1 can cause bogus results. Zero is
returned if we didn't send the tseq probes because there was no
open tcp port */
double timingRatio();
private:
/* Ports of the targets used in os fingerprinting. */
int openTCPPort, closedTCPPort, closedUDPPort;
/* Probe list used in tests. At first, probes are linked in
* probesToSend; when a probe is sent, it will be removed from
* probesToSend and appended to probesActive. If any probes in
* probesActive are timedout, they will be moved to probesToSend and
* sent again till expired.
*/
list<OFProbe *> probesToSend;
list<OFProbe *> probesActive;
/* A record of total number of probes that have been sent to this
* host, including restranmited ones. */
unsigned int num_probes_sent;
/* Delay between two probes. */
unsigned int sendDelayMs;
/* When the last probe is sent. */
struct timeval lastProbeSent;
struct osscan_timing_vals timing;
/*
* Fingerprint of this target. When a scan is completed, it'll
* finally be passed to hs->target->FPR->FPs[x].
*/
FingerPrint *FP;
FingerPrint *FPtests[NUM_FPTESTS];
#define FP_TSeq FPtests[0]
#define FP_TOps FPtests[1]
#define FP_TWin FPtests[2]
#define FP_TEcn FPtests[3]
#define FP_T1_7_OFF 4
#define FP_T1 FPtests[4]
#define FP_T2 FPtests[5]
#define FP_T3 FPtests[6]
#define FP_T4 FPtests[7]
#define FP_T5 FPtests[8]
#define FP_T6 FPtests[9]
#define FP_T7 FPtests[10]
#define FP_TUdp FPtests[11]
#define FP_TIcmp FPtests[12]
struct AVal *TOps_AVs[6]; /* 6 AVs of TOps */
struct AVal *TWin_AVs[6]; /* 6 AVs of TWin */
/* Whether the above FPs is passed. If not and the hss stats is to be
deleted, delete the FPs. This happens when the host is timedout
during the scan. */
bool fpPassed;
/* The following are variables to store temporary results
* during the os fingerprinting process of this host.
*/
u16 lastipid;
struct timeval seq_send_times[NUM_SEQ_SAMPLES];
struct timeval first_icmp_send_time;
int TWinReplyNum; /* how many TWin replies are received. */
int TOpsReplyNum; /* how many TOps replies are received. Actually it is the same with TOpsReplyNum. */
struct ip *icmpEchoReply; /* To store one of the two icmp replies */
int storedIcmpReply; /* Which one of the two icmp replies is stored? */
struct udpprobeinfo upi; /* info of the udp probe we sent */
};
/* These are statistics for the whole group of Targets */
class ScanStats {
public:
ScanStats();
/* Returns true if the system says that sending is OK. */
bool sendOK();
struct osscan_timing_vals timing;
struct timeout_info to; /* rtt/timeout info */
/* Total number of active probes */
int num_probes_active;
/* Number of probes sent in total. */
int num_probes_sent;
int num_probes_sent_at_last_wait;
};
/*
* HostOsScan does the scan job, setting and using the status of a host in
* the host's HostOsScanStats.
*/
class HostOsScan
{
public:
HostOsScan(Target *t); /* OsScan need a target to set eth stuffs */
~HostOsScan();
pcap_t *pd;
ScanStats *stats;
/* (Re)Initial the parameters that will be used during the scan.*/
void reInitScanSystem();
void buildSeqProbeList(HostOsScanStats *hss);
void updateActiveSeqProbes(HostOsScanStats *hss);
void buildTUIProbeList(HostOsScanStats *hss);
void updateActiveTUIProbes(HostOsScanStats *hss);
/* send the next probe in the probe list of the hss */
void sendNextProbe(HostOsScanStats *hss);
/* Process one response.
* If the response is useful, return true. */
bool processResp(HostOsScanStats *hss, struct ip *ip, unsigned int len, struct timeval *rcvdtime);
/* Make up the fingerprint. */
void makeFP(HostOsScanStats *hss);
/* Check whether the host is sendok. If not, fill _when_ with the
* time when it will be sendOK and return false; else, fill it with
* now and return true.
*/
bool hostSendOK(HostOsScanStats *hss, struct timeval *when);
/* Check whether it is ok to send the next seq probe to the host. If
* not, fill _when_ with the time when it will be sendOK and return
* false; else, fill it with now and return true.
*/
bool hostSeqSendOK(HostOsScanStats *hss, struct timeval *when);
/* How long I am currently willing to wait for a probe response
before considering it timed out. Uses the host values from
target if they are available, otherwise from gstats. Results
returned in MICROseconds. */
unsigned long timeProbeTimeout(HostOsScanStats *hss);
/* If there are pending probe timeouts, fills in when with the time
* of the earliest one and returns true. Otherwise returns false
* and puts now in when.
*/
bool nextTimeout(HostOsScanStats *hss, struct timeval *when);
/* Adjust various timing variables based on pcket receipt. */
void adjust_times(HostOsScanStats *hss, OFProbe *probe, struct timeval *rcvdtime);
private:
/* Probe send functions. */
void sendTSeqProbe(HostOsScanStats *hss, int probeNo);
void sendTOpsProbe(HostOsScanStats *hss, int probeNo);
void sendTEcnProbe(HostOsScanStats *hss);
void sendT1_7Probe(HostOsScanStats *hss, int probeNo);
void sendTUdpProbe(HostOsScanStats *hss, int probeNo);
void sendTIcmpProbe(HostOsScanStats *hss, int probeNo);
/* Response process functions. */
bool processTSeqResp(HostOsScanStats *hss, struct ip *ip, int replyNo);
bool processTOpsResp(HostOsScanStats *hss, struct tcphdr *tcp, int replyNo);
bool processTWinResp(HostOsScanStats *hss, struct tcphdr *tcp, int replyNo);
bool processTEcnResp(HostOsScanStats *hss, struct ip *ip);
bool processT1_7Resp(HostOsScanStats *hss, struct ip *ip, int replyNo);
bool processTUdpResp(HostOsScanStats *hss, struct ip *ip);
bool processTIcmpResp(HostOsScanStats *hss, struct ip *ip, int replyNo);
void makeTSeqFP(HostOsScanStats *hss);
void makeTOpsFP(HostOsScanStats *hss);
void makeTWinFP(HostOsScanStats *hss);
bool get_tcpopt_string(struct tcphdr *tcp, int mss, char *result, int maxlen);
int rawsd; /* raw socket descriptor */
struct eth_nfo eth;
struct eth_nfo *ethptr; /* for passing to send_ functions */
unsigned int tcpSeqBase, tcpAck; /* Seq&Ack value used in TCP probes */
int tcpMss; /* tcp Mss value used in TCP probes */
int udpttl; /* ttl value used in udp probe. */
unsigned short icmpEchoId, icmpEchoSeq; /* Icmp Echo Id&Seq value used in ICMP probes*/
/* Source port number in TCP probes. Different probe will use
* arbitrary offset value of it. */
int tcpPortBase;
int udpPortBase;
};
/*
* The overall os scan information of a host:
* - Fingerprints gotten from every scan round;
* - Maching results of these fingerprints.
* - Is it timeout/completed?
* - ...
*/
class HostOsScanInfo
{
public:
HostOsScanInfo(Target *t, OsScanInfo *OSI);
~HostOsScanInfo();
Target *target; /* the Target */
OsScanInfo *OSI; /* The OSI which contains this HostOsScanInfo */
FingerPrint *FPs[MAX_SCAN_ROUND]; /* Fingerprints of the host */
FingerPrintResults FP_matches[MAX_SCAN_ROUND]; /* Fingerprint-matching results */
struct seq_info si[MAX_SCAN_ROUND];
bool timedOut;
bool isCompleted;
HostOsScanStats *hss; /* Scan status of the host in one scan round */
};
/*
* Maintain a link of incomplete HostOsScanInfo.
*/
class OsScanInfo
{
public:
OsScanInfo(vector<Target *> &Targets);
~OsScanInfo();
list<HostOsScanInfo *> incompleteHosts;
unsigned int starttimems;
unsigned int numIncompleteHosts() {return incompleteHosts.size();}
HostOsScanInfo *findIncompleteHost(struct sockaddr_storage *ss);
/* A circular buffer of the incompleteHosts. nextIncompleteHost() gives
the next one. The first time it is called, it will give the
first host in the list. If incompleteHosts is empty, returns
NULL. */
HostOsScanInfo *nextIncompleteHost();
int removeCompletedHosts();
private:
unsigned int numInitialTargets;
list<HostOsScanInfo *>::iterator nextI;
};
OFProbe::OFProbe() {
type = OFP_UNSET;
subid = 0;
tryno = -1;
retransmitted = false;
memset(&sent, 0, sizeof(sent));
memset(&prevSent, 0, sizeof(prevSent));
}
const char *OFProbe::typestr() {
switch(type) {
case OFP_UNSET:
return "OFP_UNSET";
case OFP_TSEQ:
return "OFP_TSEQ";
case OFP_TOPS:
return "OFP_TOPS";
case OFP_TECN:
return "OFP_TECN";
case OFP_T1_7:
return "OFP_T1_7";
case OFP_TUDP:
return "OFP_TUDP";
case OFP_TICMP:
return "OFP_TICMP";
default:
assert(false);
return "ERROR";
}
}
HostOsScanStats::HostOsScanStats(Target * t) {
int i;
target = t;
FP = NULL;
memset(&si, 0, sizeof(si));
memset(&ipid, 0, sizeof(ipid));
openTCPPort = -1;
closedTCPPort = -1;
closedUDPPort = -1;
num_probes_sent = 0;
sendDelayMs = MAX(o.scan_delay, OS_PROBE_DELAY);
lastProbeSent = now;
/* timing */
timing.cwnd = perf.host_initial_cwnd;
timing.ccthresh = perf.initial_ccthresh; /* Will be reduced if any packets are dropped anyway */
timing.num_updates = 0;
gettimeofday(&timing.last_drop, NULL);
for (i=0; i<NUM_FPTESTS; i++)
FPtests[i] = NULL;
for (i=0; i<6; i++) {
TOps_AVs[i] = NULL;
TWin_AVs[i] = NULL;
}
fpPassed = true;
icmpEchoReply = NULL;
distance = -1;
distance_guess = -1;
}
HostOsScanStats::~HostOsScanStats() {
int i;
if(!fpPassed) {
for(i=0; i<NUM_FPTESTS; i++) {
if(FPtests[i]) {
if(FPtests[i]->results) {
free(FPtests[i]->results);
}
free(FPtests[i]);
}
}
for(i=0; i<6; i++) {
if(TOps_AVs[i]) free(TOps_AVs[i]);
if(TWin_AVs[i]) free(TWin_AVs[i]);
}
}
while(!probesToSend.empty()) {
delete probesToSend.front();
probesToSend.pop_front();
}
while(!probesActive.empty()) {
delete probesActive.front();
probesActive.pop_front();
}
if (icmpEchoReply) free(icmpEchoReply);
}
void HostOsScanStats::initScanStats() {
Port *tport = NULL;
int i;
/* Lets find an open port to use if we don't already have one */
openTCPPort = -1;
/* target->FPR->osscan_opentcpport = -1;
target->FPR->osscan_closedtcpport = -1;
target->FPR->osscan_closedudpport = -1; */
if (target->FPR->osscan_opentcpport > 0)
openTCPPort = target->FPR->osscan_opentcpport;
else if ((tport = target->ports.nextPort(NULL, IPPROTO_TCP, PORT_OPEN))) {
openTCPPort = tport->portno;
/* If it is zero, let's try another one if there is one ) */
if (tport->portno == 0)
if ((tport = target->ports.nextPort(tport, IPPROTO_TCP, PORT_OPEN)))
openTCPPort = tport->portno;
target->FPR->osscan_opentcpport = openTCPPort;
}
/* Now we should find a closed port */
if (target->FPR->osscan_closedtcpport > 0)
closedTCPPort = target->FPR->osscan_closedtcpport;
else if ((tport = target->ports.nextPort(NULL, IPPROTO_TCP, PORT_CLOSED))) {
closedTCPPort = tport->portno;
/* If it is zero, let's try another one if there is one ) */
if (tport->portno == 0)
if ((tport = target->ports.nextPort(tport, IPPROTO_TCP, PORT_CLOSED)))
closedTCPPort = tport->portno;
target->FPR->osscan_closedtcpport = closedTCPPort;
} else if ((tport = target->ports.nextPort(NULL, IPPROTO_TCP, PORT_UNFILTERED))) {
/* Well, we will settle for unfiltered */
closedTCPPort = tport->portno;
/* But again we'd prefer not to have zero */
if (tport->portno == 0)
if ((tport = target->ports.nextPort(tport, IPPROTO_TCP, PORT_UNFILTERED)))
closedTCPPort = tport->portno;
} else {
/* We'll just have to pick one at random :( */
closedTCPPort = (get_random_uint() % 14781) + 30000;
}
/* Now we should find a closed udp port */
if (target->FPR->osscan_closedudpport > 0)
closedUDPPort = target->FPR->osscan_closedudpport;
else if ((tport = target->ports.nextPort(NULL, IPPROTO_UDP, PORT_CLOSED))) {
closedUDPPort = tport->portno;
/* Not zero, if possible */
if (tport->portno == 0)
if ((tport = target->ports.nextPort(tport, IPPROTO_UDP, PORT_CLOSED)))
closedUDPPort = tport->portno;
target->FPR->osscan_closedudpport = closedUDPPort;
} else if ((tport = target->ports.nextPort(NULL, IPPROTO_UDP, PORT_UNFILTERED))) {
/* Well, we will settle for unfiltered */
closedUDPPort = tport->portno;
/* But not zero, please */
if (tport->portno == 0)
if ((tport = target->ports.nextPort(NULL, IPPROTO_UDP, PORT_UNFILTERED)))
closedUDPPort = tport->portno;
} else {
/* Pick one at random. Shrug. */
closedUDPPort = (get_random_uint() % 14781) + 30000;
}
FP = NULL;
for (i=0; i<NUM_FPTESTS; i++)
FPtests[i] = NULL;
for (i=0; i<6; i++) {
TOps_AVs[i] = NULL;
TWin_AVs[i] = NULL;
}
fpPassed = false;
TOpsReplyNum = 0;
TWinReplyNum = 0;
lastipid = 0;
memset(&si, 0, sizeof(si));
for (i=0; i<NUM_SEQ_SAMPLES; i++) {
ipid.tcp_ipids[i] = -1;
ipid.icmp_ipids[i] = -1;
}
memset(&seq_send_times, 0, sizeof(seq_send_times));
memset(&first_icmp_send_time, 0, sizeof(first_icmp_send_time));
if (icmpEchoReply) {
free(icmpEchoReply);
icmpEchoReply = NULL;
}
storedIcmpReply = -1;
memset(&upi, 0, sizeof(upi));
}
/* Add a probe to the probe list. */
void HostOsScanStats::addNewProbe(OFProbeType type, int subid) {
OFProbe *probe = new OFProbe();
probe->type = type;
probe->subid = subid;
probesToSend.push_back(probe);
}
/* Remove a probe from the probesActive. */
void HostOsScanStats::removeActiveProbe(list<OFProbe *>::iterator probeI) {
OFProbe *probe = *probeI;
probesActive.erase(probeI);
delete probe;
}
/* Get an active probe from active probe list identified by probe type
and subid. Returns probesActive.end() if there isn't one */
list<OFProbe *>::iterator HostOsScanStats::getActiveProbe(OFProbeType type, int subid) {
list<OFProbe *>::iterator probeI;
OFProbe *probe = NULL;
for(probeI = probesActive.begin(); probeI != probesActive.end(); probeI++) {
probe = *probeI;
if(probe->type == type && probe->subid == subid)
break;
}
if(probeI == probesActive.end()) {
/* not found!? */
if(o.debugging > 1)
printf("Probe doesn't exist! Probe type: %d. Probe subid: %d\n", type, subid);
return probesActive.end();
}
return probeI;
}
/* Move a probe from probesToSend to probesActive. */
void HostOsScanStats::moveProbeToActiveList(list<OFProbe *>::iterator probeI) {
probesActive.push_back(*probeI);
probesToSend.erase(probeI);
}
/* Move a probe from probesActive to probesToSend. */
void HostOsScanStats::moveProbeToUnSendList(list<OFProbe *>::iterator probeI) {
probesToSend.push_back(*probeI);
probesActive.erase(probeI);
}
/* Compute the ratio of amount of time taken between sending 1st TSEQ
probe and 1st ICMP probe compared to the amount of time it should
have taken. Ratios far from 1 can cause bogus results */
double HostOsScanStats::timingRatio() {
if (openTCPPort < 0)
return 0;
int msec_ideal = OS_SEQ_PROBE_DELAY * 5 + OS_PROBE_DELAY;
int msec_taken = TIMEVAL_MSEC_SUBTRACT(first_icmp_send_time, seq_send_times[0]);
return (double) msec_taken / msec_ideal;
}
/* If there are pending probe timeouts, fills in when with the time of
* the earliest one and returns true. Otherwise returns false and
* puts now in when.
*/
bool HostOsScan::nextTimeout(HostOsScanStats *hss, struct timeval *when) {
assert(hss);
struct timeval probe_to, earliest_to;
list<OFProbe *>::iterator probeI;
bool firstgood = true;
assert(when);
memset(&probe_to, 0, sizeof(probe_to));
memset(&earliest_to, 0, sizeof(earliest_to));
for(probeI = hss->probesActive.begin(); probeI != hss->probesActive.end(); probeI++) {
TIMEVAL_ADD(probe_to, (*probeI)->sent, timeProbeTimeout(hss));
if (firstgood || TIMEVAL_SUBTRACT(probe_to, earliest_to) < 0) {
earliest_to = probe_to;
firstgood = false;
}
}
*when = (firstgood)? now : earliest_to;
return (firstgood)? false : true;
}
void HostOsScan::adjust_times(HostOsScanStats *hss, OFProbe *probe, struct timeval *rcvdtime) {
assert(hss);
assert(probe);
/* Adjust timing */
if(rcvdtime) {
adjust_timeouts2(&(probe->sent), rcvdtime, &(hss->target->to));
adjust_timeouts2(&(probe->sent), rcvdtime, &(stats->to));
}
hss->timing.num_updates++;
stats->timing.num_updates++;
/* Adjust window */
if (probe->tryno > 0 || !rcvdtime) {
if (TIMEVAL_SUBTRACT(probe->sent, hss->timing.last_drop) > 0) {
hss->timing.cwnd = perf.low_cwnd;
hss->timing.ccthresh = (int) MAX(hss->numProbesActive() / perf.host_drop_ccthresh_divisor, 2);
hss->timing.last_drop = now;
}
if (TIMEVAL_SUBTRACT(probe->sent, stats->timing.last_drop) > 0) {
stats->timing.cwnd = MAX(perf.low_cwnd, stats->timing.cwnd / perf.group_drop_cwnd_divisor);
stats->timing.ccthresh = (int) MAX(stats->num_probes_active / perf.group_drop_ccthresh_divisor, 2);
stats->timing.last_drop = now;
}
} else {
/* Good news -- got a response to first try. Increase window as
appropriate. */
if (hss->timing.cwnd <= hss->timing.ccthresh) {
/* In quick start mode */
hss->timing.cwnd += perf.quick_incr;
} else {
/* Congestion control mode */
hss->timing.cwnd += perf.cc_incr / hss->timing.cwnd;
}
if (hss->timing.cwnd > perf.max_cwnd)
hss->timing.cwnd = perf.max_cwnd;
if (stats->timing.cwnd <= stats->timing.ccthresh) {
/* In quick start mode */
stats->timing.cwnd += perf.quick_incr;
} else {
/* Congestion control mode */
stats->timing.cwnd += perf.cc_incr / stats->timing.cwnd;
}
if (stats->timing.cwnd > perf.max_cwnd)
stats->timing.cwnd = perf.max_cwnd;
}
}
ScanStats::ScanStats() {
/* init timing val */
timing.cwnd = perf.group_initial_cwnd;
timing.ccthresh = perf.initial_ccthresh; /* Will be reduced if any packets are dropped anyway */
timing.num_updates = 0;
gettimeofday(&timing.last_drop, NULL);
initialize_timeout_info(&to);
num_probes_active = 0;
num_probes_sent = num_probes_sent_at_last_wait = 0;
}
/* Returns true if the os scan system says that sending is OK.*/
bool ScanStats::sendOK() {
if (num_probes_sent - num_probes_sent_at_last_wait >= 50)
return false;
if (timing.cwnd < num_probes_active + 0.5)
return false;
return true;
}
HostOsScan::HostOsScan(Target *t) {
pd = NULL;
rawsd = -1;
if ((o.sendpref & PACKET_SEND_ETH) && t->ifType() == devt_ethernet) {
memcpy(eth.srcmac, t->SrcMACAddress(), 6);
memcpy(eth.dstmac, t->NextHopMACAddress(), 6);
if ((eth.ethsd = eth_open_cached(t->deviceName())) == NULL)
fatal("%s: Failed to open ethernet device (%s)", __FUNCTION__, t->deviceName());
rawsd = -1;
ethptr = ð
} else {
/* Init our raw socket */
if ((rawsd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, IPPROTO_RAW)) < 0 )
pfatal("socket troubles in get_fingerprint");
unblock_socket(rawsd);
broadcast_socket(rawsd);
#ifndef WIN32
sethdrinclude(rawsd);
#endif
ethptr = NULL;
eth.ethsd = NULL;
}
tcpPortBase = o.magic_port_set? o.magic_port : o.magic_port + get_random_u8();
udpPortBase = o.magic_port_set? o.magic_port : o.magic_port + get_random_u8();
reInitScanSystem();
stats = new ScanStats();
}
HostOsScan::~HostOsScan() {
if (rawsd >= 0) { close(rawsd); rawsd = -1; }
if (pd) { pcap_close(pd); pd = NULL; }
/*
* No need to close ethptr->ethsd due to caching
* if (eth.ethsd) { eth_close(eth.ethsd); eth.ethsd = NULL; }
*/
delete stats;
}
void HostOsScan::reInitScanSystem() {
tcpSeqBase = get_random_u32();
tcpAck = get_random_u32();
tcpMss = 265;
icmpEchoId = get_random_u16();
icmpEchoSeq = 295;
udpttl = (time(NULL) % 14) + 51;
}
/* Initiate seq probe list */
void HostOsScan::buildSeqProbeList(HostOsScanStats *hss) {
assert(hss);
int i;
if(hss->openTCPPort == -1) return;
if(hss->FP_TSeq) return;
for(i=0; i<NUM_SEQ_SAMPLES; i++)
hss->addNewProbe(OFP_TSEQ, i);
}
/* Update the seq probes in the active probe list:
* o Remove the timedout seq probes.
*/
void HostOsScan::updateActiveSeqProbes(HostOsScanStats *hss) {
assert(hss);
list<OFProbe *>::iterator probeI, nxt;
OFProbe *probe = NULL;
for(probeI = hss->probesActive.begin(); probeI != hss->probesActive.end();
probeI = nxt) {
nxt = probeI;
nxt++;
probe = *probeI;
/* Is the probe timedout? */
if (TIMEVAL_SUBTRACT(now, probe->sent) > (long) timeProbeTimeout(hss)) {
hss->removeActiveProbe(probeI);
stats->num_probes_active--;
}
}
}
/* initiate the normal tcp/udp/icmp probe list */
void HostOsScan::buildTUIProbeList(HostOsScanStats *hss) {
assert(hss);
int i;
/* The order of these probes are important for ipid generation
* algorithm test and should not be changed.
*
* At doSeqTests we sent 6 TSeq probes to generate 6 tcp replies,
* and here we follow with 3 probes to generate 3 icmp replies. In
* this way we can expect to get "good" IPid sequence.
*