Add adaptive burst mitigation

[philipch07]

Description

Adds adaptive burst mitigation as described in section 5A of RACK for SCTP (https://icnp20.cs.ucr.edu/proceedings/nipaa/RACK%20for%20SCTP.pdf).

Reference issue

Closes #395

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 76.75676% with 43 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 81.54%. Comparing base (1a60a8f) to head (ed34ee9).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
association.go	76.75%	27 Missing and 16 partials ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master     #394      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   82.04%   81.54%   -0.50%     
==========================================
  Files          51       51              
  Lines        4527     4699     +172     
==========================================
+ Hits         3714     3832     +118     
- Misses        671      707      +36     
- Partials      142      160      +18     

Flag	Coverage Δ
go	81.42% <73.51%> (-0.62%)	⬇️
wasm	67.37% <55.13%> (+0.57%)	⬆️

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[philipch07]

Regarding the overflow lints, are they something that we should be concerned about or can I safely ignore them?