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Scale the TiDB Cluster Using TiDB Ansible
Use TiDB Ansible to increase/decrease the capacity of a TiDB/TiKV/PD node.
/docs/dev/scale-tidb-using-ansible/
/docs/dev/how-to/scale/with-ansible/

Scale the TiDB Cluster Using TiDB Ansible

The capacity of a TiDB cluster can be increased or decreased without affecting the online services.

Warning:

In decreasing the capacity, if your cluster has a mixed deployment of other services, do not perform the following procedures. The following examples assume that the removed nodes have no mixed deployment of other services.

Assume that the topology is as follows:

Name Host IP Services
node1 172.16.10.1 PD1
node2 172.16.10.2 PD2
node3 172.16.10.3 PD3, Monitor
node4 172.16.10.4 TiDB1
node5 172.16.10.5 TiDB2
node6 172.16.10.6 TiKV1
node7 172.16.10.7 TiKV2
node8 172.16.10.8 TiKV3
node9 172.16.10.9 TiKV4

Increase the capacity of a TiDB/TiKV node

For example, if you want to add two TiDB nodes (node101, node102) with the IP addresses 172.16.10.101 and 172.16.10.102, take the following steps:

  1. Edit the inventory.ini file and the hosts.ini file, and append the node information.

    • Edit the inventory.ini file:

      [tidb_servers]
172.16.10.4
172.16.10.5
172.16.10.101
172.16.10.102

[pd_servers]
172.16.10.1
172.16.10.2
172.16.10.3

[tikv_servers]
172.16.10.6
172.16.10.7
172.16.10.8
172.16.10.9

[monitored_servers]
172.16.10.1
172.16.10.2
172.16.10.3
172.16.10.4
172.16.10.5
172.16.10.6
172.16.10.7
172.16.10.8
172.16.10.9
172.16.10.101
172.16.10.102

[monitoring_servers]
172.16.10.3

[grafana_servers]
172.16.10.3

      Now the topology is as follows:

      Name Host IP Services
      node1 172.16.10.1 PD1
      node2 172.16.10.2 PD2
      node3 172.16.10.3 PD3, Monitor
      node4 172.16.10.4 TiDB1
      node5 172.16.10.5 TiDB2
      node101 172.16.10.101 TiDB3
      node102 172.16.10.102 TiDB4
      node6 172.16.10.6 TiKV1
      node7 172.16.10.7 TiKV2
      node8 172.16.10.8 TiKV3
      node9 172.16.10.9 TiKV4

    • Edit the hosts.ini file:

      [servers]
172.16.10.1
172.16.10.2
172.16.10.3
172.16.10.4
172.16.10.5
172.16.10.6
172.16.10.7
172.16.10.8
172.16.10.9
172.16.10.101
172.16.10.102
[all:vars]
username = tidb
ntp_server = pool.ntp.org

  2. Initialize the newly added node.

    1. Configure the SSH mutual trust and sudo rules of the target machine on the control machine:

      {{< copyable "shell-regular" >}}

      ansible-playbook -i hosts.ini create_users.yml -l 172.16.10.101,172.16.10.102 -u root -k

    2. Install the NTP service on the target machine:

      {{< copyable "shell-regular" >}}

      ansible-playbook -i hosts.ini deploy_ntp.yml -u tidb -b

    3. Initialize the node on the target machine:

      {{< copyable "shell-regular" >}}

      ansible-playbook bootstrap.yml -l 172.16.10.101,172.16.10.102

    Note:

    If an alias is configured in the inventory.ini file, for example, node101 ansible_host=172.16.10.101, use -l to specify the alias when executing ansible-playbook. For example, ansible-playbook bootstrap.yml -l node101,node102. This also applies to the following steps.

  3. Deploy the newly added node:

    ansible-playbook deploy.yml -l 172.16.10.101,172.16.10.102

  4. Start the newly added node:

    ansible-playbook start.yml -l 172.16.10.101,172.16.10.102

  5. Update the Prometheus configuration and restart the cluster:

    ansible-playbook rolling_update_monitor.yml --tags=prometheus

  6. Monitor the status of the entire cluster and the newly added node by opening a browser to access the monitoring platform: http://172.16.10.3:3000.

You can use the same procedure to add a TiKV node. But to add a PD node, some configuration files need to be manually updated.

Increase the capacity of a PD node

For example, if you want to add a PD node (node103) with the IP address 172.16.10.103, take the following steps:

  1. Edit the inventory.ini file and append the node information to the end of the [pd_servers] group:

    [tidb_servers]
172.16.10.4
172.16.10.5

[pd_servers]
172.16.10.1
172.16.10.2
172.16.10.3
172.16.10.103

[tikv_servers]
172.16.10.6
172.16.10.7
172.16.10.8
172.16.10.9

[monitored_servers]
172.16.10.4
172.16.10.5
172.16.10.1
172.16.10.2
172.16.10.3
172.16.10.103
172.16.10.6
172.16.10.7
172.16.10.8
172.16.10.9

[monitoring_servers]
172.16.10.3

[grafana_servers]
172.16.10.3

    Now the topology is as follows:

    Name Host IP Services
    node1 172.16.10.1 PD1
    node2 172.16.10.2 PD2
    node3 172.16.10.3 PD3, Monitor
    node103 172.16.10.103 PD4
    node4 172.16.10.4 TiDB1
    node5 172.16.10.5 TiDB2
    node6 172.16.10.6 TiKV1
    node7 172.16.10.7 TiKV2
    node8 172.16.10.8 TiKV3
    node9 172.16.10.9 TiKV4

  2. Initialize the newly added node:

    ansible-playbook bootstrap.yml -l 172.16.10.103

  3. Deploy the newly added node:

    ansible-playbook deploy.yml -l 172.16.10.103

  4. Login the newly added PD node and edit the starting script:

    {deploy_dir}/scripts/run_pd.sh

    1. Remove the --initial-cluster="xxxx" \ configuration.

      Note:

      You cannot add the # character at the beginning of the line. Otherwise, the following configuration cannot take effect.

    2. Add --join="http://172.16.10.1:2379" \. The IP address (172.16.10.1) can be any of the existing PD IP address in the cluster.

    3. Start the PD service in the newly added PD node:

      {deploy_dir}/scripts/start_pd.sh

      Note:

      Before start, you need to ensure that the health status of the newly added PD node is "true", using PD Control. Otherwise, the PD service might fail to start and an error message ["join meet error"] [error="etcdserver: unhealthy cluster"] is returned in the log.

    4. Use pd-ctl to check whether the new node is added successfully:

      ./pd-ctl -u "http://172.16.10.1:2379"

      Note:

      pd-ctl is a command used to check the number of PD nodes.

  5. Start the monitoring service:

    ansible-playbook start.yml -l 172.16.10.103

    Note:

    If you use an alias (inventory_name), use the -l option to specify the alias.

  6. Update the cluster configuration:

    ansible-playbook deploy.yml

  7. Restart Prometheus, and enable the monitoring of PD nodes used for increasing the capacity:

    ansible-playbook stop.yml --tags=prometheus
ansible-playbook start.yml --tags=prometheus

  8. Monitor the status of the entire cluster and the newly added node by opening a browser to access the monitoring platform: http://172.16.10.3:3000.

Note:

The PD Client in TiKV caches the list of PD nodes. Currently, the list is updated only if the PD leader is switched or the TiKV server is restarted to load the latest configuration. To avoid TiKV caching an outdated list, there should be at least two existing PD members in the PD cluster after increasing or decreasing the capacity of a PD node. If this condition is not met, transfer the PD leader manually to update the list of PD nodes.

Decrease the capacity of a TiDB node

For example, if you want to remove a TiDB node (node5) with the IP address 172.16.10.5, take the following steps:

  1. Stop all services on node5:

    ansible-playbook stop.yml -l 172.16.10.5

  2. Edit the inventory.ini file and remove the node information:

    [tidb_servers]
172.16.10.4
#172.16.10.5  # the removed node

[pd_servers]
172.16.10.1
172.16.10.2
172.16.10.3

[tikv_servers]
172.16.10.6
172.16.10.7
172.16.10.8
172.16.10.9

[monitored_servers]
172.16.10.4
#172.16.10.5  # the removed node
172.16.10.1
172.16.10.2
172.16.10.3
172.16.10.6
172.16.10.7
172.16.10.8
172.16.10.9

[monitoring_servers]
172.16.10.3

[grafana_servers]
172.16.10.3

    Now the topology is as follows:

    Name Host IP Services
    node1 172.16.10.1 PD1
    node2 172.16.10.2 PD2
    node3 172.16.10.3 PD3, Monitor
    node4 172.16.10.4 TiDB1
    node5 172.16.10.5 TiDB2 removed
    node6 172.16.10.6 TiKV1
    node7 172.16.10.7 TiKV2
    node8 172.16.10.8 TiKV3
    node9 172.16.10.9 TiKV4

  3. Update the Prometheus configuration and restart the cluster:

    ansible-playbook rolling_update_monitor.yml --tags=prometheus

  4. Monitor the status of the entire cluster by opening a browser to access the monitoring platform: http://172.16.10.3:3000.

Decrease the capacity of a TiKV node

For example, if you want to remove a TiKV node (node9) with the IP address 172.16.10.9, take the following steps:

  1. Remove the node from the cluster using pd-ctl:

    1. View the store ID of node9:

      ./pd-ctl -u "http://172.16.10.1:2379" -d store

    2. Remove node9 from the cluster, assuming that the store ID is 10:

      ./pd-ctl -u "http://172.16.10.1:2379" -d store delete 10

  2. Use pd-ctl to check whether the node is successfully removed:

    ./pd-ctl -u "http://172.16.10.1:2379" -d store 10

    Note:

    It takes some time to remove the node. If the status of the node you remove becomes Tombstone, then this node is successfully removed.

  3. After the node is successfully removed, stop the services on node9:

    ansible-playbook stop.yml -l 172.16.10.9

  4. Edit the inventory.ini file and remove the node information:

    [tidb_servers]
172.16.10.4
172.16.10.5

[pd_servers]
172.16.10.1
172.16.10.2
172.16.10.3

[tikv_servers]
172.16.10.6
172.16.10.7
172.16.10.8
#172.16.10.9  # the removed node

[monitored_servers]
172.16.10.4
172.16.10.5
172.16.10.1
172.16.10.2
172.16.10.3
172.16.10.6
172.16.10.7
172.16.10.8
#172.16.10.9  # the removed node

[monitoring_servers]
172.16.10.3

[grafana_servers]
172.16.10.3

    Now the topology is as follows:

    Name Host IP Services
    node1 172.16.10.1 PD1
    node2 172.16.10.2 PD2
    node3 172.16.10.3 PD3, Monitor
    node4 172.16.10.4 TiDB1
    node5 172.16.10.5 TiDB2
    node6 172.16.10.6 TiKV1
    node7 172.16.10.7 TiKV2
    node8 172.16.10.8 TiKV3
    node9 172.16.10.9 TiKV4 removed

  5. Update the Prometheus configuration and restart the cluster:

    ansible-playbook rolling_update_monitor.yml --tags=prometheus

  6. Monitor the status of the entire cluster by opening a browser to access the monitoring platform: http://172.16.10.3:3000.

Decrease the capacity of a PD node

For example, if you want to remove a PD node (node2) with the IP address 172.16.10.2, take the following steps:

  1. Remove the node from the cluster using pd-ctl:

    1. View the name of node2:

      ./pd-ctl -u "http://172.16.10.1:2379" -d member

    2. Remove node2 from the cluster, assuming that the name is pd2:

      ./pd-ctl -u "http://172.16.10.1:2379" -d member delete name pd2

  2. Use Grafana or pd-ctl to check whether the node is successfully removed:

    ./pd-ctl -u "http://172.16.10.1:2379" -d member

  3. After the node is successfully removed, stop the services on node2:

    ansible-playbook stop.yml -l 172.16.10.2

    Note:

    In this example, you can only stop the PD service on node2. If there are any other services deployed with the IP address 172.16.10.2, use the -t option to specify the service (such as -t tidb).

  4. Edit the inventory.ini file and remove the node information:

    [tidb_servers]
172.16.10.4
172.16.10.5

[pd_servers]
172.16.10.1
#172.16.10.2  # the removed node
172.16.10.3

[tikv_servers]
172.16.10.6
172.16.10.7
172.16.10.8
172.16.10.9

[monitored_servers]
172.16.10.4
172.16.10.5
172.16.10.1
#172.16.10.2  # the removed node
172.16.10.3
172.16.10.6
172.16.10.7
172.16.10.8
172.16.10.9

[monitoring_servers]
172.16.10.3

[grafana_servers]
172.16.10.3

    Now the topology is as follows:

    Name Host IP Services
    node1 172.16.10.1 PD1
    node2 172.16.10.2 PD2 removed
    node3 172.16.10.3 PD3, Monitor
    node4 172.16.10.4 TiDB1
    node5 172.16.10.5 TiDB2
    node6 172.16.10.6 TiKV1
    node7 172.16.10.7 TiKV2
    node8 172.16.10.8 TiKV3
    node9 172.16.10.9 TiKV4

  5. Update the cluster configuration:

    ansible-playbook deploy.yml

  6. Restart Prometheus, and disable the monitoring of PD nodes used for increasing the capacity:

    ansible-playbook stop.yml --tags=prometheus
ansible-playbook start.yml --tags=prometheus

  7. To monitor the status of the entire cluster, open a browser to access the monitoring platform: http://172.16.10.3:3000.

Note:

The PD Client in TiKV caches the list of PD nodes. Currently, the list is updated only if the PD leader is switched or the TiKV server is restarted to load the latest configuration. To avoid TiKV caching an outdated list, there should be at least two existing PD members in the PD cluster after increasing or decreasing the capacity of a PD node. If this condition is not met, transfer the PD leader manually to update the list of PD nodes.