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Production Deployment from Binary Tarball
Use the binary to deploy a TiDB cluster.
how-to
/docs/op-guide/binary-deployment/

Production Deployment from Binary Tarball

This guide provides installation instructions from a binary tarball on Linux. A complete TiDB cluster contains PD, TiKV, and TiDB. To start the database service, follow the order of PD -> TiKV -> TiDB. To stop the database service, follow the order of stopping TiDB -> TiKV -> PD.

See also local deployment and testing environment deployment.

Prepare

Before you start, see TiDB architecture and Software and Hardware Recommendations. Make sure the following requirements are satisfied:

Operating system

For the operating system, it is recommended to use RHEL/CentOS 7.3 or higher. The following additional requirements are recommended:

Configuration Description
Supported Platform RHEL/CentOS 7.3+ (more details)
File System ext4 is recommended
Swap Space Should be disabled
Disk Block Size Set the system disk Block size to 4096

Network and firewall

Configuration Description
Firewall/Port Check whether the ports required by TiDB are accessible between the nodes

Operating system parameters

Configuration Description
Nice Limits For system users, set the default value of nice in TiDB to 0
min_free_kbytes The setting for vm.min_free_kbytes in sysctl.conf needs to be high enough
User Open Files Limit For database administrators, set the number of TiDB open files to 1000000
System Open File Limits Set the number of system open files to 1000000
User Process Limits For TiDB users, set the nproc value to 4096 in limits.conf
Address Space Limits For TiDB users, set the space to unlimited in limits.conf
File Size Limits For TiDB users, set the fsize value to unlimited in limits.conf
Disk Readahead Set the value of the readahead data disk to 4096 at a minimum
NTP service Configure the NTP time synchronization service for each node
SELinux Turn off the SELinux service for each node
CPU Frequency Scaling It is recommended to turn on CPU overclocking
Transparent Hugepages For Red Hat 7+ and CentOS 7+ systems, it is required to set the Transparent Hugepages to always
I/O Scheduler Set the I/O Scheduler of data disks to the deadline mode
vm.swappiness Set vm.swappiness = 0 in sysctl.conf
net.core.somaxconn Set net.core.somaxconn = 32768 in sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies Set net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 0 in sysctl.conf

Database running user settings

Configuration Description
LANG environment Set LANG = en_US.UTF8
TZ time zone Set the TZ time zone of all nodes to the same value

TiDB components and default ports

Before you deploy a TiDB cluster, see the required components and optional components.

TiDB database components (required)

See the following table for the default ports for the TiDB components:

Component Default Port Protocol Description
ssh 22 TCP the sshd service
TiDB 4000 TCP the communication port for the application and DBA tools
TiDB 10080 TCP the communication port to report TiDB status
TiKV 20160 TCP the TiKV communication port
PD 2379 TCP the communication port between TiDB and PD
PD 2380 TCP the inter-node communication port within the PD cluster

TiDB database components (optional)

See the following table for the default ports for the optional TiDB components:

Component Default Port Protocol Description
Prometheus 9090 TCP the communication port for the Prometheus service
Pushgateway 9091 TCP the aggregation and report port for TiDB, TiKV, and PD monitor
Node_exporter 9100 TCP the communication port to report the system information of every TiDB cluster node
Grafana 3000 TCP the port for the external Web monitoring service and client (Browser) access
alertmanager 9093 TCP the port for the alert service

Create a database running user account

  1. Log in to the machine using the root user account and create a database running user account (tidb) using the following command:

    # useradd tidb -m

  2. Switch the user from root to tidb by using the following command. You can use this tidb user account to deploy your TiDB cluster.

    # su - tidb

Download the official binary package

# Download the package.
$ wget http://download.pingcap.org/tidb-latest-linux-amd64.tar.gz
$ wget http://download.pingcap.org/tidb-latest-linux-amd64.sha256

# Check the file integrity. If the result is OK, the file is correct.
$ sha256sum -c tidb-latest-linux-amd64.sha256

# Extract the package.
$ tar -xzf tidb-latest-linux-amd64.tar.gz
$ cd tidb-latest-linux-amd64

Multiple nodes cluster deployment

For the production environment, multiple nodes cluster deployment is recommended. Before you begin, see Software and Hardware Recommendations.

Assuming that you have six nodes, you can deploy 3 PD instances, 3 TiKV instances, and 1 TiDB instance. See the following table for details:

Name Host IP Services
Node1 192.168.199.113 PD1, TiDB
Node2 192.168.199.114 PD2
Node3 192.168.199.115 PD3
Node4 192.168.199.116 TiKV1
Node5 192.168.199.117 TiKV2
Node6 192.168.199.118 TiKV3

Follow the steps below to start PD, TiKV, and TiDB:

  1. Start PD on Node1, Node2, and Node3 in sequence.

    $ ./bin/pd-server --name=pd1 \
                --data-dir=pd \
                --client-urls="http://192.168.199.113:2379" \
                --peer-urls="http://192.168.199.113:2380" \
                --initial-cluster="pd1=http://192.168.199.113:2380,pd2=http://192.168.199.114:2380,pd3=http://192.168.199.115:2380" \
                -L "info" \
                --log-file=pd.log &

$ ./bin/pd-server --name=pd2 \
                --data-dir=pd \
                --client-urls="http://192.168.199.114:2379" \
                --peer-urls="http://192.168.199.114:2380" \
                --initial-cluster="pd1=http://192.168.199.113:2380,pd2=http://192.168.199.114:2380,pd3=http://192.168.199.115:2380" \
                -L "info" \
                --log-file=pd.log &

$ ./bin/pd-server --name=pd3 \
                --data-dir=pd \
                --client-urls="http://192.168.199.115:2379" \
                --peer-urls="http://192.168.199.115:2380" \
                --initial-cluster="pd1=http://192.168.199.113:2380,pd2=http://192.168.199.114:2380,pd3=http://192.168.199.115:2380" \
                -L "info" \
                --log-file=pd.log &

  2. Start TiKV on Node4, Node5 and Node6.

    $ ./bin/tikv-server --pd="192.168.199.113:2379,192.168.199.114:2379,192.168.199.115:2379" \
                  --addr="192.168.199.116:20160" \
                  --status-addr="192.168.199.116:20180" \
                  --data-dir=tikv \
                  --log-file=tikv.log &

$ ./bin/tikv-server --pd="192.168.199.113:2379,192.168.199.114:2379,192.168.199.115:2379" \
                  --addr="192.168.199.117:20160" \
                  --status-addr="192.168.199.117:20180" \
                  --data-dir=tikv \
                  --log-file=tikv.log &

$ ./bin/tikv-server --pd="192.168.199.113:2379,192.168.199.114:2379,192.168.199.115:2379" \
                  --addr="192.168.199.118:20160" \
                  --status-addr="192.168.199.118:20180" \
                  --data-dir=tikv \
                  --log-file=tikv.log &

  3. Start TiDB on Node1.

    $ ./bin/tidb-server --store=tikv \
                  --path="192.168.199.113:2379,192.168.199.114:2379,192.168.199.115:2379" \
                  --log-file=tidb.log &

  4. Use the MySQL client to connect to TiDB.

    $ mysql -h 192.168.199.113 -P 4000 -u root -D test

Note:

  • If you start TiKV or deploy PD in the production environment, it is highly recommended to specify the path for the configuration file using the --config parameter. If the parameter is not set, TiKV or PD does not read the configuration file.
  • To tune TiKV, see Performance Tuning for TiKV.
  • If you use nohup to start the cluster in the production environment, write the startup commands in a script and then run the script. If not, the nohup process might abort because it receives exceptions when the Shell command exits. For more information, see The TiDB/TiKV/PD process aborts unexpectedly.

For the deployment and use of TiDB monitoring services, see Monitor a TiDB Cluster.