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Section 6: Building Real-World Automation Framework

We will dive into building a real-world automation framework using Python and the Robot Framework.

Content

Test Data Management

Effective test data management is crucial for automation frameworks. Test data can be managed using data files, databases, or APIs.

  • Storing test data in an Excel file
*** Test Cases ***
Verify Login
    [Documentation]  Test case to verify login functionality
    |   ${username}   |   ${password}   |
    |   user1         |   pass1         |
    |   user2         |   pass2         |
  • Retrieving test data from a database or API:
*** Variables ***
${username}   Retrieve Test Data   ${user_api}   username
${password}   Retrieve Test Data   ${user_api}   password

Test Configuration and Environment Management

Test configuration and environment management involves setting up and configuring the test environment. It includes managing test settings, test data, test resources, and external dependencies.

*** Settings ***
Library  SeleniumLibrary
Resource  Resources/Keywords.robot
Suite Setup  Open Browser  ${url}  ${browser}
Suite Teardown  Close Browser
Test Setup  [Setup]  Test Preparation
Test Teardown  [Teardown]  Test Cleanup

Logging and Reporting

Logging and reporting play a crucial role in providing detailed information about test execution. It helps in debugging, identifying failures, and generating test reports.

*** Settings ***
Library  SeleniumLibrary
Suite Setup  Open Browser  ${url}  chrome
Suite Teardown  Close Browser
Suite Configuration  Suite Configuration
Test Template  Test Template

*** Keywords ***
Suite Configuration
    [Documentation]  Configure the test suite
    Set Global Variable  ${timestamp}  Get Current Date  result_format=%Y%m%d_%H%M%S
    Set Global Variable  ${log_file}  logs/${timestamp}.log
    Set Global Variable  ${report_file}  reports/${timestamp}.html
    Set Log Level  DEBUG
    Create Directory  logs
    Create Directory  reports
    Set Suite Variable  ${log_file}
    Set Suite Variable  ${report_file}

Test Template
    [Documentation]  Test template for test cases
    [Tags]  sanity
    [Timeout]  5 minutes
    Run Keyword And Continue On Failure  Open Browser  ${url}  ${browser}

*** Test Cases ***
Verify Login
    [Documentation]  Test case to verify login functionality
    [Tags]  smoke  login
    Input Text  ${username_field}  ${username}
    Input Password  ${password_field}  ${password}
    Click Button  ${login_button}
    Page Should Contain  Welcome, ${username}

Error Handling and Retry Mechanism

Error handling and retry mechanism help in handling exceptions and failures during test execution.

*** Settings ***
Library  SeleniumLibrary
Suite Setup  Open Browser  ${url}  chrome
Suite Teardown  Close Browser

*** Test Cases ***
Verify Login
    [Documentation]  Test case to verify login functionality
    :FOR  ${i}  IN RANGE  ${max_retries}
    \  Run Keyword And Ignore Error  Input Text  ${username_field}  ${username}
    \  Run Keyword And Ignore Error  Input Password  ${password_field}  ${password}
    \  Run Keyword And Ignore Error  Click Button  ${login_button}
    \  Run Keyword If  '${condition}' == 'True'  Exit For Loop
    Page Should Contain  Welcome, ${username}

Test Case Organization and Modularization

Test case organization and modularization involve structuring test cases into logical groups and reusable modules.

*** Settings ***
Suite Setup  Open Browser  ${url}  chrome
Suite Teardown  Close Browser

*** Test Cases ***
Login Test Cases
    [Tags]  login
    Verify Valid Login
    Verify Invalid Login

Logout Test Cases
    [Tags]  logout
    Verify Logout

Data-Driven Testing

Data-driven testing involves executing test cases with different sets of input data.

*** Test Cases ***
Verify Login
    [Documentation]  Test case to verify login functionality
    [Tags]  login
    |   ${username}  |   ${password}   |
    |   user1        |   pass1         |
    |   user2        |   pass2         |
    |   user3        |   pass3         |
    |   user4        |   pass4         |
    \   Input Text  ${username_field}  ${username}
    \   Input Password  ${password_field}  ${password}
    \   Click Button  ${login_button}
    \   Page Should Contain  Welcome, ${username}

Test Execution and Continuous Integration

Test execution and continuous integration involve running test suites and integrating them into a continuous integration (CI) pipeline. It ensures that tests are executed regularly and integrated with other development processes.

  • Running tests from the command line:
robot --outputdir results/ --log log.html --report report.html tests/
  • Integrating tests with a CI pipeline (e.g., Jenkins, GitLab CI/CD):
stages:
    - test

    test:
    image: python:3.9
    script:
        - pip install -r requirements.txt
        - robot --outputdir results/ --log log.html --report report.html tests/

Test Maintenance and Refactoring

Test maintenance and refactoring involve regularly updating and improving test cases to keep them up-to-date and efficient. It helps in reducing test case maintenance effort and ensuring the reliability of automated tests.

# Refactoring a test case to use reusable keywords
*** Keywords ***
Login
    [Arguments]  ${username}  ${password}
    Input Text  ${username_field}  ${username}
    Input Password  ${password_field}  ${password}
    Click Button  ${login_button}

*** Test Cases ***
Verify Login
    [Documentation]  Test case to verify login functionality
    [Tags]  login
    Login  ${username}  ${password}
    Page Should Contain  Welcome, ${username}

Referencess

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