This changelog summarizes major changes between GraalVM versions of the GraalVM JavaScript (ECMAScript) language runtime. The main focus is on user-observable behavior of the engine. Changelog may include unreleased versions. See release calendar for release dates.
- Updated Node.js to version 20.15.1.
- Implemented the
Promise.try
proposal. It is available in ECMAScript staging mode (--js.ecmascript-version=staging
). - Implemented the Source Phase Imports proposal. It is available behind the experimental option (
--js.source-phase-imports
). - Implemented basic Worker API (resembling the API available in
d8
). It is available behind the experimental option--js.worker
. - Added option
js.stack-trace-api
that enables/disablesError.captureStackTrace
,Error.prepareStackTrace
andError.stackTraceLimit
. These non-standard extensions are disabled by default (unlessjs.v8-compat
orjs.nashorn-compat
is used). - Made option
js.webassembly
stable. - Made options
js.load
,js.print
, andjs.graal-builtin
stable and allowed inSandboxPolicy.UNTRUSTED
. - Added an experimental
java.util.concurrent.Executor
that can be used to post tasks into the event loop thread ingraal-nodejs
. It is available asrequire('node:graal').eventLoopExecutor
. - Implemented the
TextDecoder
andTextEncoder
APIs of the WHATWG Encoding Standard. They are available behind the experimental option (--js.text-encoding
).
- ECMAScript 2024 mode/features enabled by default.
- Implemented the Make eval-introduced global vars redeclarable proposal.
- Implemented the Float16Array proposal. It is available in ECMAScript staging mode (
--js.ecmascript-version=staging
). - Implemented the Array.fromAsync proposal. It is available in ECMAScript staging mode (
--js.ecmascript-version=staging
). - Implemented the Resizable and Growable ArrayBuffers proposal.
- Updated Node.js to version 20.13.1.
- Made option
js.esm-eval-returns-exports
stable and allowed inSandboxPolicy.UNTRUSTED
.
- Implemented the WebAssembly threads proposal.
- Implemented the Promise.withResolvers proposal. It is available in ECMAScript staging mode (
--js.ecmascript-version=staging
). - Implementation of Async Iterator Helpers proposal (that was split out from Iterator Helpers proposal) was moved behind the experimental option
--js.async-iterator-helpers
. - Implemented the Well-Formed Unicode Strings proposal. It is available in ECMAScript staging mode (
--js.ecmascript-version=staging
). - Implemented the JSON.parse source text access proposal. It is available in ECMAScript staging mode (
--js.ecmascript-version=staging
). - Updated Node.js to version 18.18.2.
- WebAssembly support in Node.js has been enabled by default. It can be disabled using the experimental option
--js.webassembly=false
. --js.import-assertions
option has been replaced by--js.import-attributes
option because the corresponding proposal has migrated from the usage of assertions to the usage of attributes.
- NOTE: GraalVM no longer ships with a "js" ScriptEngine. Please either use the Maven dependency or explicitly put
js-scriptengine.jar
on the module path. See ScriptEngine documentation for details. - ECMAScript 2023 mode/features enabled by default.
- Updated Node.js to version 18.17.1.
- Implemented the Async Context proposal. It is available behind the experimental option
--js.async-context
. FinalizationRegistry.prototype.cleanupSome
is not enabled by default any more; it has been moved to ECMAScript staging mode (--js.ecmascript-version=staging
).- Added an experimental option
--js.allow-narrow-spaces-in-date-format
(enabled by default). When this option is set tofalse
then narrow spaces in date/time formats are replaced by a space (0x20
). - Made option
js.console
stable and allowed inSandboxPolicy.UNTRUSTED
. - Made option
js.unhandled-rejections
stable and allowed inSandboxPolicy.CONSTRAINED
. - Added option
js.allow-eval
that is stable and allowed inSandboxPolicy.UNTRUSTED
. - Deprecated option
js.disable-eval
, superseded byjs.allow-eval
. - Implemented the String.dedent proposal. It is available in ECMAScript staging mode (
--js.ecmascript-version=staging
). - Duplicate named capture groups are now supported in regular expressions, as per the duplicate named capturing groups proposal.
- Implemented the RegExp v flag proposal. It is available behind the experimental option
--js.regexp-unicode-sets
. - The Maven coordinates for embedding the GraalVM JavaScript have been updated.
For consuming the enterprise GraalVM JavaScript, use:
For consuming the community GraalVM JavaScript, use:
<dependency> <groupId>org.graalvm.polyglot</groupId> <artifactId>js</artifactId> <version>${graalvm.version}</version> <type>pom</type> </dependency>
<dependency> <groupId>org.graalvm.polyglot</groupId> <artifactId>js-community</artifactId> <version>${graalvm.version}</version> <type>pom</type> </dependency>
- Implemented the WebAssembly reference types proposal.
- Implemented the Iterator Helpers proposal. It is available behind the experimental option
--js.iterator-helpers
. - Implemented the ShadowRealm proposal. It is available behind the experimental option
--js.shadow-realm
. - Removed experimental option
v8-legacy-const
. - Removed non-standard
SharedArrayBuffer.isView
. - Updated Node.js to version 18.14.1.
- Implemented the Symbols as WeakMap keys proposal. It is available in ECMAScript staging mode (
--js.ecmascript-version=staging
). - Implemented the ArrayBuffer.prototype.transfer and friends proposal. It is available in ECMAScript staging mode (
--js.ecmascript-version=staging
). - Implemented the Change Array by copy proposal. It is available in ECMAScript staging mode (
--js.ecmascript-version=staging
). - Added BigInteger interop support.
Note that foreign BigIntegers require an explicit type cast using the
BigInt
function to opt into JS BigInt semantics. The default semantics is to treat all foreign numbers like JS Number values, regardless of the original value or type. Arithmetic operators perform an implicit lossy conversion to double; mixing a JS BigInt with any non-JS number always throws. Comparison operators attempt to do a precise value comparison where possible. JS BigInt values can now be converted tojava.math.BigInteger
host objects, although a target type mapping may still be necessary to ensure consistent type mapping if the target type is ambiguous or absent.
- Implemented the WebAssembly multi-value proposal.
- Added an experimental option
--js.unhandled-rejections=handler
that allows to use a custom callback to track unhandled promise rejections. - Updated Node.js to version 16.17.1.
- ECMA-402 Internationalization API has been enabled by default. It can be disabled by
--js.intl-402=false
option. - Implemented the Decorators (stage 3) proposal.
- GraalVM JavaScript is now an installable component of GraalVM. It can be installed with
gu install js
. - Enabled option
js.foreign-object-prototype
by default. Polyglot Interop objects now get a fitting JavaScript prototype assigned unless explicitly turned off using this flag. - Added intermediate prototype for foreign objects to simplify adapting functionality.
- Removed deprecated experimental option
experimental-foreign-object-prototype
. - Removed experimental option
commonjs-global-properties
. The same functionality can be achieved in user code with a direct call torequire()
after context creation. - Added an experimental option
--js.zone-rules-based-time-zones
that allows to use timezone-related data fromZoneRulesProvider
(instead of ICU4J data files). - Temporal objects can be converted to compatible Java objects when possible, using the
Value
API's methods likeasDate()
.
- Updated Node.js to version 16.14.2.
- Graal.js now requires Java 11+ and no longer supports Java 8.
- Implemented the Intl.NumberFormat v3 proposal.
- Implemented the Array Grouping v3 proposal. It is available in ECMAScript staging mode (
--js.ecmascript-version=staging
). - Implemented the Temporal proposal. It is available behind the experimental option
--js.temporal
. - Implemented the Array Find from Last proposal. It is available in ECMAScript staging mode (
--js.ecmascript-version=staging
). - Optimized closures to only keep references on variables in the lexical environment that are needed by (one or more) closures. This optimization can be disabled with the experimental option
--js.scope-optimization=false
. - Moved the internal string representation to the new TruffleString type.
- Added option
--js.string-lazy-substrings
(default: true) to allow toggling the copying behavior of string slices. When enabled, string slices internally create string views instead of copying the given string region, which increases performance but may also increase memory utilization.
- ECMAScript 2022 mode/features enabled by default.
- Implemented the Intl.DisplayNames v2 proposal.
- Implemented the Intl Locale Info proposal. It is available in ECMAScript staging mode (
--js.ecmascript-version=staging
). - Implemented the Intl.DateTimeFormat.prototype.formatRange proposal.
- Implemented the Extend TimeZoneName Option proposal. It is available in ECMAScript staging mode (
--js.ecmascript-version=staging
). - Implemented the Intl Enumeration API proposal. It is available in ECMAScript staging mode (
--js.ecmascript-version=staging
). - Updated Node.js to version 14.18.1.
- Added option
js.esm-bare-specifier-relative-lookup
(default: false) to customize how bare specifiers for ES Modules are resolved. When disabled, bare specifiers are resolved with an absolute path lookup. When enabled, bare specifiers are resolved relative to the importing module's path. - ICU4J library moved to
truffle
.
- Implemented the Private Fields in
in
proposal. It is available behind the experimental option--js.private-fields-in
. - Implemented the JavaScript BigInt to WebAssembly i64 integration proposal. It can be disabled using the
--js.wasm-bigint=false
option. - Updated Node.js to version 14.17.6.
- Implemented the Error Cause proposal. It is available behind the experimental option
--js.error-cause
. - Implemented the Import Assertions proposal. It is available behind the experimental option
--js.import-assertions
. - Added support for
collation
option ofIntl.Collator
. - Added support for
dayPeriod
andfractionalSecondDigits
options ofIntl.DateTimeFormat
. - Changed foreign hash map access using
map[key]
syntax to convert the key to a string or symbol. - Implemented
Object.hasOwn
(Accessible Object.hasOwnProperty proposal). It is available in ECMAScript 2022 (--js.ecmascript-version=2022
). - Implemented class static initialization blocks proposal. It is available in ECMAScript 2022 (
--js.ecmascript-version=2022
). - Added experimental Polyglot
Context
option--js.esm-eval-returns-exports
. When enabled,eval()
of an ES module will return a PolyglotValue
containing the ES module exported namespace object. The option is disabled by default.
- Graal.js now prints a warning when runtime compilation is not supported. This warning can be disabled using the '--engine.WarnInterpreterOnly=false' option or the '-Dpolyglot.engine.WarnInterpreterOnly=false' system property.
- Added the
js.unhandled-rejections
option to track unhandled promise rejections in a polyglotContext
. By default, the option is set tonone
, and unhandled promise rejections are not tracked. - Implemented the New Set Methods proposal. It is available behind an experimental flag (
--js.new-set-methods
). - Implemented experimental operator overloading support. Use the experimental option
--js.operator-overloading
to enable it and consult the documentation. - Updated RegExp Match Indices proposal with opt-in using the
d
flag. Available in ECMAScript 2022 (--js.ecmascript-version=2022
). Deprecated--js.regexp-match-indices
option. - Nashorn compatibility mode now defaults to compatiblity with ECMAScript version 5, unless another version is explicitly selected.
Date.prototype
built-ins use ICU (not JDK) algorithms and data (like timezone data) by now (in order to reduce inconsistencies betweenDate
andIntl.DateTimeFormat
).- Updated ICU4J library to version 69.1.
- Updated Node.js to version 14.16.1.
- Prototype of WebAssembly JavaScript Interface implemented. It is available behind the
--js.webassembly
flag. - Implemented iterator interop support, enabling foreign objects that have an iterator to be used where JS expects iterables, as well as JS iterables to be used in other languages and via the Value API.
- Adopted new buffer interop support, allowing foreign buffers to be used with typed arrays and
DataView
, without copying. Likewise enablesArrayBuffer
to be used in other languages. - Experimental option
js.array-sort-inherited
was removed. Values visible through holes in array(-like) object are always sorted according to the latest version of ECMAScript specification. - Updated ICU4J library to version 68.2.
- Implemented the Atomics.waitAsync proposal. It is available in ECMAScript 2022 mode (
--js.ecmascript-version=2022
). - Implemented hash map interop support. Allows foreign hash maps to be iterated using
for in/of
loops,new Map(hash)
,Array.from(hash)
, etc. If the--js.foreign-hash-properties
option is enabled (default), foreign hash maps can also be accessed usinghash[key]
,hash.key
, and used in{...hash}
. If the--js.foreign-object-prototype
option is enabled, foreign hash maps also haveMap.prototype
methods. - Moved GraalVM-Node.js to a separate installable component. In a GraalVM distribution it needs to be manually installed with
$GRAALVM/bin/gu install nodejs
.
- ECMAScript 2021 mode/features enabled by default.
- Updated Node.js to version 12.20.1.
- Adopted new interop exception handling and made JS exceptions extend
AbstractTruffleException
. - Implemented interop identity messages.
- Expose
Graal.versionECMAScript
instead ofGraal.versionJS
. - Implemented the relative indexing method proposal. It is available in ECMAScript 2022 mode (
--js.ecmascript-version=2022
).
- Updated Node.js to version 12.18.4.
- Fixed field/getter/setter access order in nashorn-compat mode, see issue #343.
- ScriptEngine: Fixed "Multiple applicable overloads found" error in nashorn-compat mode, see issue #286.
- ScriptEngine: Enabled low precedence lossy number, string-to-boolean, and number-to-boolean conversions in nashorn-compat mode.
- Fixed
Java.extend
to respectHostAccess.Builder.allowImplementations
, see issue #294. - Added Java host interop support for mapping JS objects to abstract classes (if
HostAccess
allows it). js.foreign-object-prototype
is a supported option to set JavaScript prototypes for foreign objects mimicing JavaScript types. It was renamed fromjs.experimental-foreign-object-prototype
.- Changed
ToPrimitive
abstract operation to follow the specification for foreign objects.InteropLibrary.toDisplayString
is not used byToPrimitive/ToString
conversions anymore.
- Implemented the Intl.NumberFormat Unified API proposal.
- Implemented the Logical Assignment Operators proposal.
- Implemented the Top-level Await proposal.
- Implemented the Promise.any proposal. It is available in ECMAScript 2021 mode (
--js.ecmascript-version=2021
). - Implemented support for async stack traces.
- Removed deprecation warning for flags previously passed via system properties.
- Updated Node.js to version 12.18.0.
- Updated ICU4J library to version 67.1
- Fixed
Date.toLocaleString
andIntl.DateTimeFormat
to use the context's default time zone rather than the system default if no explicit time zone is requested. - Improved
js.timezone
option to validate the time zone ID and support zone offsets like "-07:00". - Changed the
===
operator to treat foreign null values the same as JSnull
and useInteropLibrary.isIdentical
for foreign objects. - Unified JSON parsing, providing more compatible error messages.
- ECMAScript 2020 mode/features enabled by default.
- Implemented the Intl.DateTimeFormat dateStyle & timeStyle proposal.
- Implemented the Intl.DisplayNames proposal.
- Implemented the Intl.Locale proposal.
- Implemented support for
export * as ns from "mod"
. It is available in ECMAScript 2020 or later. - Implemented support for optional chaining (
a?.b
,a?.[b]
,a?.()
). It is available in ECMAScript 2020 or later. - Implemented Nashorn extension
Object.bindProperties()
. It is available in Nashorn compatibility mode (--js.nashorn-compat
). - Changed
Polyglot.eval[File]
to propagate syntax errors from the source language. - Changed
Polyglot.import
to returnundefined
for missing polyglot bindings. - Added
npx
(annpm
package runner) into GraalVM. - Implemented the RegExp Match Indices proposal. It is available behind the
--js.regexp-match-indices
flag. - Removed the JOni RegExp-engine and the "use-tregex" option.
- Implemented support for private class methods; available behind the
--js.ecmascript-version=2021
flag. - Implemented the FinalizationRegistry proposal. It is available behind the
--js.ecmascript-version=2021
flag. - Enabled the Hashbang Grammar proposal, by enabling the
--js.shebang
option by default in ECMAScript 2020 or later. - Updated ICU4J library to version 66.1.
- Moved
String.prototype.replaceAll
to ECMAScript version 2021 (--js.ecmascript-version=2021
). - Removed SIMD.js implementation.
- Implemented support for public and private class fields, both instance and static (based on the class fields and static class features proposals). This feature is available by default in Node.js and can be enabled using the experimental option
js.class-fields
. - Added option
js.global-arguments
(default: true) for the non-standardarguments
global property (disabled in Node.js). - Updated Node.js to version 12.15.0.
- Added
name
property to anonymous functions. String.prototype.matchAll
is available in ECMAScript 2020 mode (--js.ecmascript-version=2020
) only.- Implemented the String.prototype.replaceAll proposal. It is available in ECMAScript 2020 mode (
--js.ecmascript-version=2020
). - Added
js.load-from-classpath
option to allow loading files from the classpath viaclasspath:
pseudo URLs (disabled by default). Do not use with untrusted code. - Added option
js.bind-member-functions
for the implicit binding of unbound functions returned by Value.getMember to the receiver. The preferred way of calling members is using Value.invokeMember. - Added option
js.commonjs-require
to load Npm-compatible CommonJS modules from plain JavaScript. This is an experimental feature. See NodeJSVSJavaScriptContext.md for details.
- Implemented the Promise.allSettled proposal. It is available in ECMAScript 2020 mode (
--js.ecmascript-version=2020
). - Implemented the nullish coalescing proposal. It is available in ECMAScript 2020 mode (
--js.ecmascript-version=2020
). - Updated ICU4J library to version 64.2.
- Updated ASM library to version 7.1.
- Updated Node.js to version 12.10.0.
- Disabled the non-standard
global
global property by default, which has been superseded byglobalThis
; use optionjs.global-property
to reenable. - Disabled the non-standard
performance
global property by default except for thejs
launcher; use optionjs.performance
to reenable. - Disabled the non-standard
print
andprintErr
functions in Node.js; use optionjs.print
to reenable.
- Added support for date and time interop.
- Added support for setting the time zone via
Context.Builder.timeZone
. - Implemented Numeric separators proposal. It is available in ECMAScript 2020 mode (
--js.ecmascript-version=2020
). - Moved ICU data previously distributed as separate files into the native image.
- Added
import.meta.url
property.
- Added (experimental) option
js.locale
to set the default locale for locale-sensitive operations. - Allow making evaluated sources internal using the
sourceURL
directive by prefixing the URL withinternal:
, e.g.//# sourceURL=internal:myname.js
. - Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptor(s) supported for non-JavaScript objects as well.
- Enabled code sharing across threads using
ContextPolicy.SHARED
.
- Various bugfixes for compilation problems.
- provide
js.load-from-url
to allow loading from a URL. - provide
js.bigint
option to enable the BigInt proposal, available only in ECMAScript 2019 or later (enabled by default for those version, set tofalse
to disable).
- Removed non-standard
String.prototype.contains
; useincludes
instead. - ScriptEngine: security-relevant Context-options are now disabled by default.
- Migrated to Truffle Libraries for interop.
Polyglot
builtin enabled based onContext.Builder.allowPolyglotAccess()
.- Added object rest and spread properties support for foreign objects.
- Option
js.function-arguments-limit
to set an upper bound for function arguments and argument spreading (default: 65535). - Support for HTML-like comments added.
- Option
js.experimental-array-prototype
has been renamed tojs.experimental-foreign-object-prototype
. In addition to setting the prototype of array-like non-JS objects toArray.prototype
it sets the prototype of executable non-JS objects toFunction.prototype
and the prototype of all other non-JS objects toObject.prototype
. --jvm.*
and--native.*
command line options are deprecated and replaced by--vm.*
options- Implemented JSON superset proposal.
- Made Java interop available in native images. Note that you have to configure the accessible classes and methods at native image build time (see reflection configuration).
- Removed deprecated experimental
Java.Worker
API. Node.js Workers should be used instead. - Removed deprecated
NashornJavaInterop
mode. - Object.fromEntries proposal implemented.
- Implemented import() proposal.
- Updated Node.js to version 10.15.2.
- Added option
js.experimental-array-prototype
that sets prototype of array-like non-JS objects (likeProxyArray
or JavaList
) toArray.prototype
. It is possible to use functions likemap
orforEach
on these objects directly then. - Updated Node.js to version 10.15.0.
- Added mime type
application/javascript+module
for ES module sources. - Changed the option name for the non-standard
global
property tojs.global-property
.
- Graal.js only supports ECMAScript 5 (ES5) and newer, and enforces that rule.
- Added option
js.disable-eval
to enable eval() and similar methods of dynamic code evaluation (enabled by default, set tofalse
to disable). - Added option
js.disable-with
to enable the with statement (enabled by default, set tofalse
to disable). - Instrumentation: Extended inline parsing to support statements.
- Added support for sharing Java objects using the experimental Node.js Worker Threads API.
- Added support for ScriptEngine
GLOBAL_SCOPE
bindings. - Made
Bindings
created byScriptEngine#createBindings()
implementAutoCloseable
to allow closing the underlyingContext
. - Do not provide
Java
builtin object when Java interop is disabled. - Added option
js.print
to enable theprint
andprintErr
builtins (enabled by default, set tofalse
to disable). - Added option
js.load
to enable theload
andloadWithNewGlobal
builtins (enabled by default, set tofalse
to disable). - Added option
js.polyglot-builtin
to enable thePolyglot
builtins (enabled by default, set tofalse
to disable).
- Added support for
Array.prototype.{flat,flatMap}
, a Stage 3 proposal. Atomics.wake
available under its new name (Atomics.notify
) as well.- Well-formed JSON.stringify proposal implemented.
- globalThis proposal implemented.
- Added
Java.addToClasspath(path)
for adding jar files and directories to the host classpath dynamically. - Disabled non-standard global functions
quit
,read
,readbuffer
, andreadline
by default, except for thejs
launcher (js.shell
option). - Disabled non-standard global functions
readFully
andreadLine
by default, now available only in Nashorn scripting mode (--js.scripting
). - Disabled Nashorn syntax extensions by default (
js.syntax-extensions
option), barringScriptEngine
. - Note: As a result,
eval
requires function expressions to be parenthesized, e.g.:eval("(function(){...})")
(noteval("function(){...}")
).
- Provide simplified implementations for methods of the global
console
object even outside Node.js mode. - Updated Node.js to version 10.9.0.
- Fix: Can construct
Proxy(JavaType)
and correctly reports as typefunction
. Github #60.
- Improved support for sharing of shapes between Contexts with the same Engine.
- Provide support for BigInteger TypedArrays, cf. ECMAScript BigInt proposal.
- Extended instrumentation support to more types of interpreter nodes.
- Serialization API of v8/Node.js implemented.
- Update version of Unicode to 11 in
RegExp
andIntl
. - Implement Truffle file virtualization for JavaScript.
- Support polyglot Truffle objects in
Array.prototype.map
et al andArray.prototype.sort
. - Support for fuzzy time in
performance.now()
andDate
.
- Add support for
Symbol.prototype.description
, a Stage 3 proposal. - Add support for
String.prototype.matchAll
, a Stage 3 proposal. - Implement optional catch binding proposal, targeted for ES2019.
- Removed legacy
NashornExtensions
option, use--js.nashorn-compat
instead. - Provide Java package globals by default.
- Added stack trace limit option (--js.stack-trace-limit).
- Enable SharedArrayBuffers by default.
- Provide $EXEC for Nashorn compatibility in scripting mode.
- Provide Java.isScriptFunction, Java.isScriptObject, Java.isJavaMethod, and Java.isJavaFunction in Nashorn compatibility mode.
- Provide support to access getters and setters like a field, in Nashorn compatibility mode.
- Provide top-level package globals in Nashorn compatibility mode:
java
,javafx
,javax
,com
,org
,edu
. - Provide Java.extend, Java.super, and
new Interface|AbstractClass(fn|obj)
in Nashorn compatibility mode. - Provide
java.lang.String
methods on string values, in Nashorn compatibility mode. - Provide
JavaImporter
class in Nashorn compatibility mode. - Provide
JSAdapter
class only in Nashorn compatibility mode.
- Added support for BigInt arithmetic expressions.
- Provide a flag for a Nashorn compatibility mode (--js.nashorn-compat).
- Rename flag for V8 compatibility mode (to --js.v8-compat).
- Enabled code sharing between Contexts with the same Engine.
- Updated Node.js to version 8.11.1.
- LICENSE set to The Universal Permissive License (UPL), Version 1.0.
- Added object rest/spread support.
- Added support for async generators.
- Unified Polyglot primitives across all Truffle languages; e.g., rename
Interop
builtin toPolyglot
.