Tutorial: Assigning a consistent egress IP for external traffic

You can assign a consistent IP address for traffic that leaves your cluster such as security groups which require an IP-based configuration to meet security standards.

By default, {product-title} (ROSA) uses the OVN-Kubernetes container network interface (CNI) to assign random IP addresses from a pool. This can make configuring security lockdowns unpredictable or open.

See Configuring an egress IP address for more information.

Objectives

Learn how to configure a set of predictable IP addresses for egress cluster traffic.

Prerequisites

A ROSA cluster deployed with OVN-Kubernetes
The OpenShift CLI (oc)
The ROSA CLI (rosa)
jq

Setting your environment variables

Set your environment variables by running the following command:

Note	Replace the value of the `ROSA_MACHINE_POOL_NAME` variable to target a different machine pool.

$ export ROSA_CLUSTER_NAME=$(oc get infrastructure cluster -o=jsonpath="{.status.infrastructureName}"  | sed 's/-[a-z0-9]\{5\}$//')
$ export ROSA_MACHINE_POOL_NAME=worker

Ensuring capacity

The number of IP addresses assigned to each node is limited for each public cloud provider.

Verify sufficient capacity by running the following command:

$ oc get node -o json | \
    jq '.items[] |
        {
            "name": .metadata.name,
            "ips": (.status.addresses | map(select(.type == "InternalIP") | .address)),
            "capacity": (.metadata.annotations."cloud.network.openshift.io/egress-ipconfig" | fromjson[] | .capacity.ipv4)
        }'

Example output

---
{
  "name": "ip-10-10-145-88.ec2.internal",
  "ips": [
    "10.10.145.88"
  ],
  "capacity": 14
}
{
  "name": "ip-10-10-154-175.ec2.internal",
  "ips": [
    "10.10.154.175"
  ],
  "capacity": 14
}
---

Creating the egress IP rules

Before creating the egress IP rules, identify which egress IPs you will use.

Note

The egress IPs that you select should exist as a part of the subnets in which the worker nodes are provisioned.
Optional: Reserve the egress IPs that you requested to avoid conflicts with the AWS Virtual Private Cloud (VPC) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) service.

Request explicit IP reservations on the AWS documentation for CIDR reservations page.

Assigning an egress IP to a namespace

Create a new project by running the following command:
```
$ oc new-project demo-egress-ns
```

Create the egress rule for all pods within the namespace by running the following command:

$ cat <<EOF | oc apply -f -
apiVersion: k8s.ovn.org/v1
kind: EgressIP
metadata:
  name: demo-egress-ns
spec:
  # NOTE: these egress IPs are within the subnet range(s) in which my worker nodes
  #       are deployed.
  egressIPs:
    - 10.10.100.253
    - 10.10.150.253
    - 10.10.200.253
  namespaceSelector:
    matchLabels:
      kubernetes.io/metadata.name: demo-egress-ns
EOF

Assigning an egress IP to a pod

Create a new project by running the following command:
```
$ oc new-project demo-egress-pod
```

Create the egress rule for the pod by running the following command:

Note	`spec.namespaceSelector` is a mandatory field.

$ cat <<EOF | oc apply -f -
apiVersion: k8s.ovn.org/v1
kind: EgressIP
metadata:
  name: demo-egress-pod
spec:
  # NOTE: these egress IPs are within the subnet range(s) in which my worker nodes
  #       are deployed.
  egressIPs:
    - 10.10.100.254
    - 10.10.150.254
    - 10.10.200.254
  namespaceSelector:
    matchLabels:
      kubernetes.io/metadata.name: demo-egress-pod
  podSelector:
    matchLabels:
      run: demo-egress-pod
EOF

Labeling the nodes

Obtain your pending egress IP assignments by running the following command:
```
$ oc get egressips
```
Example output
```
NAME              EGRESSIPS       ASSIGNED NODE   ASSIGNED EGRESSIPS
demo-egress-ns    10.10.100.253
demo-egress-pod   10.10.100.254
```
The egress IP rule that you created only applies to nodes with the k8s.ovn.org/egress-assignable label. Make sure that the label is only on a specific machine pool.

Assign the label to your machine pool using the following command:

Warning

If you rely on node labels for your machine pool, this command will replace those labels. Be sure to input your desired labels into the --labels field to ensure your node labels remain.

$ rosa update machinepool ${ROSA_MACHINE_POOL_NAME} \
  --cluster="${ROSA_CLUSTER_NAME}" \
  --labels "k8s.ovn.org/egress-assignable="

Reviewing the egress IPs

Review the egress IP assignments by running the following command:

$ oc get egressips

Example output

NAME              EGRESSIPS       ASSIGNED NODE                   ASSIGNED EGRESSIPS
demo-egress-ns    10.10.100.253   ip-10-10-156-122.ec2.internal   10.10.150.253
demo-egress-pod   10.10.100.254   ip-10-10-156-122.ec2.internal   10.10.150.254

Verification

Deploying a sample application

To test the egress IP rule, create a service that is restricted to the egress IP addresses which we have specified. This simulates an external service that is expecting a small subset of IP addresses.

Run the echoserver command to replicate a request:

$ oc -n default run demo-service --image=gcr.io/google_containers/echoserver:1.4

Expose the pod as a service and limit the ingress to the egress IP addresses you specified by running the following command:

$ cat <<EOF | oc apply -f -
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: demo-service
  namespace: default
  annotations:
    service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-scheme: "internal"
    service.beta.kubernetes.io/aws-load-balancer-internal: "true"
spec:
  selector:
    run: demo-service
  ports:
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 8080
  type: LoadBalancer
  externalTrafficPolicy: Local
  # NOTE: this limits the source IPs that are allowed to connect to our service.  It
  #       is being used as part of this demo, restricting connectivity to our egress
  #       IP addresses only.
  # NOTE: these egress IPs are within the subnet range(s) in which my worker nodes
  #       are deployed.
  loadBalancerSourceRanges:
    - 10.10.100.254/32
    - 10.10.150.254/32
    - 10.10.200.254/32
    - 10.10.100.253/32
    - 10.10.150.253/32
    - 10.10.200.253/32
EOF

Retrieve the load balancer hostname and save it as an environment variable by running the following command:

$ export LOAD_BALANCER_HOSTNAME=$(oc get svc -n default demo-service -o json | jq -r '.status.loadBalancer.ingress[].hostname')

Testing the namespace egress

Start an interactive shell to test the namespace egress rule:

$ oc run \
  demo-egress-ns \
  -it \
  --namespace=demo-egress-ns \
  --env=LOAD_BALANCER_HOSTNAME=$LOAD_BALANCER_HOSTNAME \
  --image=registry.access.redhat.com/ubi9/ubi -- \
  bash

Send a request to the load balancer and ensure that you can successfully connect:
```
$ curl -s http://$LOAD_BALANCER_HOSTNAME
```

Check the output for a successful connection:

Note	The `client_address` is the internal IP address of the load balancer not your egress IP. You can verify that you have configured the client address correctly by connecting with your service limited to `.spec.loadBalancerSourceRanges`.

Example output

CLIENT VALUES:
client_address=10.10.207.247
command=GET
real path=/
query=nil
request_version=1.1
request_uri=http://internal-a3e61de18bfca4a53a94a208752b7263-148284314.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com:8080/

SERVER VALUES:
server_version=nginx: 1.10.0 - lua: 10001

HEADERS RECEIVED:
accept=*/*
host=internal-a3e61de18bfca4a53a94a208752b7263-148284314.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com
user-agent=curl/7.76.1
BODY:
-no body in request-

Exit the pod by running the following command:
```
$ exit
```

Testing the pod egress

Start an interactive shell to test the pod egress rule:

$ oc run \
  demo-egress-pod \
  -it \
  --namespace=demo-egress-pod \
  --env=LOAD_BALANCER_HOSTNAME=$LOAD_BALANCER_HOSTNAME \
  --image=registry.access.redhat.com/ubi9/ubi -- \
  bash

Send a request to the load balancer by running the following command:
```
$ curl -s http://$LOAD_BALANCER_HOSTNAME
```

Check the output for a successful connection:

Note	The `client_address` is the internal IP address of the load balancer not your egress IP. You can verify that you have configured the client address correctly by connecting with your service limited to `.spec.loadBalancerSourceRanges`.

Example output

CLIENT VALUES:
client_address=10.10.207.247
command=GET
real path=/
query=nil
request_version=1.1
request_uri=http://internal-a3e61de18bfca4a53a94a208752b7263-148284314.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com:8080/

SERVER VALUES:
server_version=nginx: 1.10.0 - lua: 10001

HEADERS RECEIVED:
accept=*/*
host=internal-a3e61de18bfca4a53a94a208752b7263-148284314.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com
user-agent=curl/7.76.1
BODY:
-no body in request-

Exit the pod by running the following command:
```
$ exit
```

Optional: Testing blocked egress

Optional: Test that the traffic is successfully blocked when the egress rules do not apply by running the following command:

$ oc run \
  demo-egress-pod-fail \
  -it \
  --namespace=demo-egress-pod \
  --env=LOAD_BALANCER_HOSTNAME=$LOAD_BALANCER_HOSTNAME \
  --image=registry.access.redhat.com/ubi9/ubi -- \
  bash

Send a request to the load balancer by running the following command:
```
$ curl -s http://$LOAD_BALANCER_HOSTNAME
```
If the command is unsuccessful, egress is successfully blocked.
Exit the pod by running the following command:
```
$ exit
```

Cleaning up your cluster

Clean up your cluster by running the following commands:

$ oc delete svc demo-service -n default; \
$ oc delete pod demo-service -n default; \
$ oc delete project demo-egress-ns; \
$ oc delete project demo-egress-pod; \
$ oc delete egressip demo-egress-ns; \
$ oc delete egressip demo-egress-pod

Clean up the assigned node labels by running the following command:

Warning

If you rely on node labels for your machine pool, this command replaces those labels. Input your desired labels into the --labels field to ensure your node labels remain.
```
$ rosa update machinepool ${ROSA_MACHINE_POOL_NAME} \
  --cluster="${ROSA_CLUSTER_NAME}" \
  --labels ""
```

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Tutorial: Assigning a consistent egress IP for external traffic

Setting your environment variables

Ensuring capacity

Creating the egress IP rules

Assigning an egress IP to a namespace

Assigning an egress IP to a pod

Labeling the nodes

Reviewing the egress IPs

Verification

Deploying a sample application

Testing the namespace egress

Testing the pod egress

Optional: Testing blocked egress

Cleaning up your cluster

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Tutorial: Assigning a consistent egress IP for external traffic

Setting your environment variables

Ensuring capacity

Creating the egress IP rules

Assigning an egress IP to a namespace

Assigning an egress IP to a pod

Labeling the nodes

Reviewing the egress IPs

Verification

Deploying a sample application

Testing the namespace egress

Testing the pod egress

Optional: Testing blocked egress

Cleaning up your cluster